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AMNWR 07/09
BIOLOGICAL MONITORING AT CHOWIET ISLAND, ALASKA IN 2007: SUMMARY APPENDICES
Joel A. Helm Tyra A. Zeman
Key Words: Aethia psittacula, black-legged kittiwake, Cerorhinca monocerata, Chowiet Island, common murre, food habits, Fratercula cirrhata, Fratercula corniculata, Fulmarus glacialis, glaucous-winged gull, growth rates, horned puffin, Larus glaucescens, northern fulmar, population size, parakeet auklet, productivity, rhinoceros auklet, Rissa tridactyla, Semidi Islands, thick-billed murre, tufted puffin, Uria aalge, Uria lomvia.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge
95 Sterling Hwy., Suite 1 Homer, Alaska 99603
October 2007 Cite as: Helm, Joel A. and Tyra A. Zeman. 2007. Biological monitoring at Chowiet Island, Alaska in 2007: summary appendices. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Rep. AMNWR 07/09. Homer, AK. 84 pp.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................1 STUDY AREA...................................................................................................................................1 METHODS........................................................................................................................................2 INTERESTING OBSERVATIONS....................................................................................................2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................................................................................................................2 REFRENCES....................................................................................................................................3 MAPS................................................................................................................................................6 FIGURES AND TABLES ..................................................................................................................8 Northern fulmars...............................................................................................................................9 Populations..........................................................................................................................9 Glaucous-winged gulls ...................................................................................................................12 Breeding chronology..........................................................................................................12 Reproductive performance ................................................................................................14 Populations........................................................................................................................16 Food habits ........................................................................................................................17 Black-legged kittiwakes ..................................................................................................................19 Breeding chronology..........................................................................................................19 Reproductive performance ................................................................................................21 Populations........................................................................................................................24 Thick-billed murres .........................................................................................................................28 Breeding chronology..........................................................................................................28 Reproductive performance ................................................................................................30 Populations........................................................................................................................33 Food habits ........................................................................................................................44 Common murres.............................................................................................................................36 Breeding chronology..........................................................................................................36 Reproductive performance ................................................................................................38 Populations........................................................................................................................41 Food habits ........................................................................................................................44 Parakeet auklets .............................................................................................................................45 Breeding chronology..........................................................................................................45 Reproductive performance ................................................................................................47 Populations........................................................................................................................49 Rhinoceros auklets .........................................................................................................................52 Breeding chronology..........................................................................................................52 Reproductive performance ................................................................................................54 Populations........................................................................................................................56 Food habits ........................................................................................................................57 Horned puffins ................................................................................................................................60 Breeding chronology..........................................................................................................60 Reproductive performance ................................................................................................62 Populations........................................................................................................................64 Tufted puffins ..................................................................................................................................67 Breeding chronology..........................................................................................................67 Reproductive performance ................................................................................................69 Miscellaneous.................................................................................................................................72 Off-road point count...........................................................................................................71 Beach passerine transects ................................................................................................74 Sea surface temperatures .................................................................................................76 Annotated list .....................................................................................................................79
INTRODUCTION In 2002, the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (AMNWR) established an annual ecological monitoring site at the Semidi Islands, where various seabird projects have taken place since 1976. Seabird species selected for annual monitoring were chosen based on their ability, across the refuge, to serve as indicators of fluctuations in the marine food web. Major projects include monitoring population trends and the breeding success of piscivores and planktivores - both diving and surface feeders. Goals in 2007 were to estimate population and/or reproductive parameters for 9 species as indicators of the 4 major feeding guilds: surface fish-feeders (black-legged kittiwakes, Rissa tridactyla), diving fish-feeders (common and thick-billed murres, Uria aalge and U. lomvia, respectively; tufted and horned puffins, Fratercula cirrhata and F. corniculata, respectively; and rhinoceros auklets, Cerorhinca monocerata), surface plankton-feeders (northern fulmars, Fulmarus glacialis), and diving plankton-feeders (parakeet auklets, Aethia psittacula). Diets of glaucous-winged gulls (regurgitated pellets) and rhinoceros auklets (chick meals) were sampled as well. Detailed results from 2007 are summarized and contained in these appendices and archived at the Refuge headquarters in Homer, Alaska. For comparisons among years, we present selected historic data sets from 1976 to 1991 (Baggot et al. 1989, Dragoo et al. 1991a and 1991b, Hatch and Hatch 1980, 1981, 1983 and Leschner and Burrell 1977), unpublished data from 1993 and 1994 (Hatch unpubl. data) and data from 1995, 1998 (Nevins and Adams 1999), 2001 (Hatch unpubl. data), 2002 (Wang 2002), 2004 (Larned 2004), 2005 (Larned and Sapora 2005) and 2006 (Fairchild et al. 2007). This report supersedes previous reports; in some cases data have been reanalyzed to fix inconsistencies. The following historical data appearing in this report have been amended: Rhinoceros auklet hatching and fledging chronology 2002 Glaucous-winged gull food habits 2004-2006 Murre hatching chronology 2002, 2006 Tufted puffin productivity 2006
STUDY AREA The Semidi Islands group (N 56° 02.688 W 156° 41.857) consists of nine islands located on the continental shelf approximately 80 km south of the Alaska Peninsula and 160 km southwest of Kodiak Island. Local oceanography is influenced by the Alaskan Coastal Current and the Alaska Stream (Hatch and Hatch 1983a, Hatch and Hatch 1989). Approximately 2.4 million seabirds consisting of twenty species, an estimated 25% of the total seabird biomass in the Gulf of Alaska, breed in the Semidis (Hatch and Hatch 1983a). A small population of Cackling geese (Branta hutchinsii) breeds on Kaliktagik and Anowik Islands (Hatch and Hatch 1983b). The seabird population supports many avian predator species which also breed in the Semidis, including the bald eagle, (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), glaucous-winged gull (Larus glaucescens), and common raven (Corvus corax). Dominant vegetation includes umbelliferous roots, beach rye-grasses, ferns, herbs and is classified as Alaskan maritime (Hatch 1985). Shorelines are generally precipitous; the highest elevation is approximately 300 m with sheer cliffs rising more than 200 m in many areas of the islands (Hatch and Hatch 1983b). All islands are treeless except for Chowiet Island, which has a small number (<10) of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), most likely introduced by fox ranchers in the early 1900s. Fox ranching occurred on Chowiet and Aghiyuk Islands from 1885 to about 1914 (Bower and Aller 1917), after which the natural die off of the introduced artic and red foxes (Alopex lagopus and Vulpes fulva, respectively) took place (Hatch and Hatch 1983b). The only land mammals that presently exist on the islands are arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryii) and they occur on all of the Semidi Islands except for South, Suklik and Aghik (Hatch and Hatch 1983b).
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METHODS Personnel : Joel Helm and Tyra Zeman were present on Chowiet Island from 20 May through 3 September, 2007. Data collection and analysis: Data collection methods are outlined in the 2005 protocols (Larned and Sapora 2005), which are taken from 2002 Summary Appendices (Wang 2002), and originally modified from Williams et al. (2000). Exceptions and additions to those protocols follow:
• Rhinoceros auklet productivity was not measured this year due to significant erosion in the South Bay colony.
• Common murre prey items were not identified due to time constraints and observer
inexperience.
• Rhinoceros auklet food collection was completed during three nights of mist netting, yielding 12 food loads consisting of Pacific sandlance and Hexagrammids.
INTERESTING OBSERVATIONS
Two red-faced cormorants were monitored on black-legged kittiwake plots A02B01 and A02B02. Another breeding group (53 nests) was discovered 2 miles from camp on the southeastern portion of the island. Birds nested in small coves north of Puffin Point. Three pelagic cormorant nests were found in close proximity to the congregation of red-faced cormorants and those nests were followed to determine nest fate. The first red-faced cormorant chick was sighted on 27 June. The majority of chicks had fledged prior to field personnel leaving the island. A breakdown of nesting information is as follows:
Nests with chicks Total chicks Red-faced cormorant 55 152 Pelagic cormorant 3 9 These nests were found late in the season and should not be used for time-series productivity estimates.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The crew of the M/V Tiglax provided safe transport to Chowiet in 2007 for crew and
supplies. Special thanks are extended to the refuge staff in Homer and Adak who assisted field staff in the compilation of this report and the collection of field data throughout the season. Heather Renner’s advice regarding data collection and analysis were greatly appreciated throughout this season and summary process.
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REFERENCES Baggot, C.M., B.K. Bain and D.R. Nysewander. 1989. Changes in colony size, and reproductive
success of seabirds at the Semidi Islands, Alaska, 1977-1989. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Rep., Homer, AK.
Bower, W.T. and H.D. Aller. 1917. Alaska fisheries and fur industries in 1915. Dept. of
Commerce, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U.S. Gov’t. Printing Office. Dragoo, D.E., B.K. Bain and A. Perillo. 1991a. Changes in colony size and reproductive success
of seabirds at the Semidi Islands, Alaska, 1976-1990. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Rep., Homer, AK.
Dragoo, D.E., B.K. Bain, M.J. Melendez and C.M. Minch. 1991b. Changes in colony size and
reproductive success of seabirds at the Semidi Islands, Alaska, 1976-1991. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Rep., Homer, AK.
Evans, D.H., J.B. Claiborne and G.A. Kormanik, 1999. Osmoregulation, acid-base regulation, and nitrogen excretion. p. 79-96 In M.H. Horn, K.L.M. Martin and M.A. Chotkowski (eds.).
Intertidal fishes live in two worlds. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Fairchild, L., Mischler, C. and H.M. Renner. 2007. Biological monitoring on Chowiet Island in
2006: summary appendices. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Rep. AMNWR 07/02. Homer, AK.
Hatch, M.A. 1985. Vegetation and flora of the Semidi Islands, Alaska. Unpubl. M.S. thesis, Univ.
of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK. Hatch, S.A. 1987. Adult survival and productivity of northern fulmars in Alaska. Condor 89:685-
696. Hatch, S.A. and M.A. Hatch. 1980. Breeding and population ecology of seabirds at Semidi
Islands, Alaska. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Rep., Anchorage, AK. Hatch, S.A and M.A. Hatch. 1981. Breeding and population ecology of seabirds at Semidi Islands,
Alaska. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Rep., Anchorage, AK. Hatch, S.A and M.A. Hatch. 1983. Populations and habitat use of marine birds in the Semidi
Islands, Alaska. Murrelet 64:39-46. Larned, A. L. 2004. Results of seabird monitoring at Chowiet Island in 2004: Summary
Appendices. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Rep. AMNWR 04/10. Homer, AK. Larned, A. L. and S. F. Sapora 2005. Results of seabird monitoring at Chowiet Island in 2005:
summary appendices. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Rep. AMNWR 05/15. Homer, AK. Leschner, L.L. and G. Burrell. 1977. Populations and ecology of marine birds on the Semidi
Islands. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Rep., Anchorage, AK. Martin, K.L.M. and C.R. Bridges, 1999. Respiration in water and air. p. 54-78. In M.H. Horn, K.L.,
M. Martin and M.A. Chotkowski (eds.) Intertidal fishes. Life in two worlds. Academic Press. 399 p.
Nevins, H.M. and J. Adams. 1999. Seabird monitoring in the Semidi Islands, Gulf of Alaska, 1995
and 1998. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Rep. AMNWR 98/17. Homer, AK.
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Wang, S.W. 2002. Results of seabird monitoring at Chowiet Island, Alaska in 2002: Summary Appendices. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Rep., AMNWR 02/07. Homer, AK.
Williams, J.C., L. Scharf, and G.V. Byrd. 2000. Ecological monitoring methods of the Aleutian
Islands Unit, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Rep., AMNWR 00/01. Adak, AK.
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Figure 1. Location of the Semidi Islands in the Western Gulf of Alaska.
Figure 2. Map of Chowiet Island, Alaska.
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DATA SUMMARIES
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Figure 3. Mean number of northern fulmar adults and maximum number of chicks counted at Chowiet Island, Alaska.
Table 1. Northern fulmar population index counts and breeding chronology at Chowiet Island, Alaska.bc Mean no. Max. no. First lay Last lay First hatch Years of adults SD n of chicks n date date mean SD n date mean SD n 1976 354 * * - - 29 May 23 Jun 6 Jun * 208 * 24 Jul * * 1977 424 * 29 - - 2 Jun 22 Jun 11 Jun * 386 * 29 Jul * * 1978 439 * 20 - - 26 May 20 Jun 7 Jun * 397 * 25 Jul * * 1979 414 * 28 - - 2 Jun 24 Jun 11 Jun * 400 * 29 Jul * * 1980 464 * 30 - - 27 May 2 Jul 8 Jun * 389 * 26 Jul * * 1981 507 * 30 - - 31 May 25 Jun 10 Jun * 395 * 28 Jul * * 1989 549 * 6 - - 6 Jun 5 Jul 15 Jun * 31 24 Jul 30 Jul * 26 1990 447 96 11 - - 31 May 19 Jun 6 Jun * 68 19 Jul 24 Jul * 29 1991 481 174 7 - - 5 Jun * 15 Jun * 91 * 1 Aug * 25 1993 623 148 7 - - - - - - - - - - - 1995 620 126 7 - - - - - - - - - - - 1998 299 81 3 - - 8 Jun - 15 Jun 5 80 26 Jul 31 Jul 4 11 2001 297 31 3 - - - - - - - - - - - 2002 456 55 12 111 * 1 Jun - - - - 16 Jul - - - 2004 442 99 10 69 5 5 Jun a - - - - 17 Jul - - - 2005 525 90 10 68 2 24 May - - - - 23 Jul - - - 2006 539 152 8 105 4 1 Jun - - - - * - - - 2007 361 75 10 72 4 8 Jun a - - - - - - - - a Formal productivity surveys were not conducted so lay/hatch dates are only incidental observations. b Data were not collected in 1982-1988, 1992, 1994, 1996-1997, 1999-2000, and 2003. c (-) = data not collected in that year; (*) = data collected/potentially collected but not compiled as of print date.
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Table 2. Counts of northern fulmar adults on index plots at Chowiet Island, Alaska, in 2007. Dates Statistics Plot 17 Jun 19 Jun 24 Jun 26 Jun 30 Jun 2 Jul 4 Jul 5 Jul 9 Jul 10 Jul Mean SD Max A03N01 85 104 106 95 85 82 87 93 103 70 A04N01 22 22 22 15 20 19 20 10 12 12 A07N01 123 160 155 138 141 106 104 106 107 82 A10N01 62 68 33 58 47 41 31 44 52 28 A10N02 22 12 8 10 19 9 11 9 20 7 A12N01 44 14 19 61 82 32 13 44 74 16 A12N02 43 34 44 40 59 20 9 18 51 6 Totals 400 413 387 416 451 308 274 322 418 221 361 75 451 Table 3. Counts of northern fulmar chicks on index plots at Chowiet Island, Alaska, in 2007. Dates Statistics Plot 28 Aug 29 Aug 31 Aug 2 Sep Mean SD Max A03N01 23 25 26 27 A04N01 2 1 2 3 A07N01 22 29 29 31 A10N01 8 8 8 8 A10N02 0 0 0 0 A12N01 2 2 2 2 A12N02 1 1 1 1 Totals 58 66 68 72 66 6 72
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Table 4. Breeding chronology of glaucous-winged gulls at Chowiet Island, Alaska.cd Mean Median Total First Last Year hatch SD na hatch nestsb hatch hatch 1976 * * * * * * * 1978 * * * * * * * 1995 * * * * * * * 1998 * * * * * * * 2002e - - - - - - - 2004 30 Jun 3.73 10 30 Jun 30 22 Jun 3 Jul 2005 5 Jul 6.55 18 6 Jul 59 22 Jun 15 Jul 2006e - - - - - - - 2007 7 Jul 4.13 15 5 Jul 30 1 July 11July a Sample size used for the calculation of mean and median hatch dates. These dates are a sub-sample for which we have observations of egg to chick in ≤ 7 days. b Total used for estimating the remaining parameters. These dates may include observations > 7 days apart. c Data were not collected in 1977, 1979-1994, 1996-1997, and 1999-2003. d (-) = data not collected in that year; (*) = data collected/potentially collected but not compiled as of print date. e Productivity data was collected using boom-bust methodology and chronology data was not collected.
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Table 5. Frequency distribution of hatch dates for glaucous-winged gulls at Chowiet Island, Alaska. Julian No. nests hatching on Julian dateac Date 1976 1978 1995 1998 2004 2005 2007 171 * * * * 0 0 0 172 * * * * 0 0 0 173 * * * * 0 2 0 174 * * * * 1 0 0 175 * * * * 0 0 0 176 * * * * 0 0 0 177 * * * * 0 0 0 178 * * * * 0 0 0 179 * * * * 0 0 0 180 * * * * 4 1 0 181 * * * * 0 0 0 182 * * * * 0 0 3183 * * * * 0 4 0 184 * * * * 0 2 1 185 * * * * 5 0 0 186 * * * * 0 0 4 187 * * * * 0 0 0 188 * * * * 0 0 0 189 * * * * 0 0 0 190 * * * * 0 7 1 191 * * * * 0 0 0 192 * * * * 0 0 6 193 * * * * 0 0 0 194 * * * * 0 0 0 195 * * * * 0 0 0 196 * * * * 0 2 0 197 * * * * 0 0 0 n = * * * * 10 10 18a Data were not collected in 1977, 1979-1994, 1996-1997, and 1999-2003. b Nests were visited on a ≥ 10 day interval. c (-) = data not collected in that year; (*) = data collected/potentially collected but not compiled as of print date.
Table 6. Reproductive performance of glaucous-winged gulls at Chowiet Island, Alaska. Measures of success are based on nests as the sample unit.bc Parameter 1976 1978 1995 1998 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 No. nests (A)a * * * 224 138 129 130 157 159 No. nests ≥1 egg (B) * * 123 106 99 85 50 79 59 No. eggs (C) * * 278 232 289 224 105 193 134 No. nests ≥1 chick (D) * * * * * 17 20 38 22 No. chicks (E) * * 115 107 153 34 38 71 37 Laying success (B/A) * * * 0.47 0.72 0.66 0.38 0.50 0.37 Clutch size (C/B) * * 2.26 2.19 2.09 1.74 2.10 2.44 2.27 Nesting success (D/B) * * * 0.37 * 0.20 0.40 0.48 0.37 Hatching success (E/C) * * 0.41 0.46 0.53 0.15 0.36 0.37 0.28 a Represents maximum number of nests counted during the season. b Data were not collected in 1977, 1979-1994, 1996-1997, 1999-2001 and 2003. c (-) = data not collected in that year; (*) = data collected/potentially collected but not compiled as of print date.
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Table 7. Reproductive performance of glaucous-winged gulls at Chowiet Island, Alaska, in 2007. Measures of success are based on nests as the sample unit. Sub-colony Parameter A B C TOTAL No. nests (A)a 21 108 30 159 No. nests ≥1 egg (B) 6 43 10 59 No. eggs (C) 10 102 22 134 No. nests ≥1 chick (D) 2 16 4 22 No. chicks (E) 4 26 7 37 Laying success (B/A) 0.29 0.40 0.33 0.37 Clutch size (C/B) 1.67 2.37 2.20 2.27 Nesting success (D/B) 0.33 0.37 0.40 0.37 Hatching success (E/C) 0.40 0.25 0.32 0.28 a Represents maximum number of nests counted during the season.
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Figure 4. Maximum number of glaucous-winged gull nests counted on sub-colonies A, B, and C at Chowiet Island, Alaska.
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Table 8. Occurrence of food items (%) in regurgitated pellets of glaucous-winged gulls at Chowiet Island, Alaska.a Food item 2004 2005 2006 2007 Sample size 571 205 54 91 Invertebrates Sea urchin 0.2 - 1.9 5.5 Blue mussel 6.3 5.3 1.9 20.9 Snail 0.2 - - - Limpet 13.1 14.5 5.6 8.8 Chiton 30.1 20.3 5.6 25.3 Crab 2.5 1.9 1.9 3.3 Clam - 1.9 - 2.2 Unid. Shellfish 0.9 - 3.7 - Bryozoans 0.5 - - - Fish Unid. fish 31.5 13.5 3.7 17.6 Birds Parakeet auklet - 0.5 1.9 7.7 Unid. Murre - 0.5 11.1 1.1 Horned puffin - 1.0 - - Rhinocerus auklet - - - 1.1 Northern fulmar 0.5 - - Unid. bird 9.6 4.8 37.0 14.3 Passerine - - 1.9 - Glaucous-winged gull egg - 1.0 - - Northern fulmar egg - 1.1 - 13.2 Murre egg - 21.3 22.2 12.1 Unid. egg 31.2 11.1 13.0 9.9 Mammals Arctic ground squirrel 3.9 - 1.9 1.1 Miscellaneous Terrestrial vegetation 0.7 - 13.0 11.4 Unid. Kelp 1.6 1.0 3.7 2.2 Rocks 0.3 - - 1.1 Unknown insect - - - 1.1 a Data were not collected in 1976-2003.
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Table 9. Percent volume of food in regurgitated pellets of glaucous-winged gulls at Chowiet Island, Alaska, 2004-2007.a Food item 2004 2005 2006 2007 Sample size 571 205 54 91 Invertebrates Sea urchin 0.02 - 1.5 4.0 Blue mussel 4.3 3.2 1.8 15.0 Snail 0.02 - - - Limpet 6.7 11.3 4.6 1.9 Chiton 24.2 18.5 3.1 15.7 Crab 0.9 0.6 0.1 0.2 Clam - 2.0 - 0.1 Unid. shellfish 0.8 - - - Bryozoans 0.2 - - - Fish Unid. fish 26.8 13.0 2.8 13.2 Birds Parakeet auklet - 0.5 1.9 7.5 Unid. Murre - 0.5 9.2 1.1 Horned puffin - 1.0 - - Rhinocerus auklet - - - 1.1 Northern fulmar - 0.5 - - Unid. bird 7.8 4.9 31.0 7.6 Passerine - - 0.6 - Glaucous-winged gull egg - 1.0 - - Northern fulmar egg - 10.7 - 12.2 Murre egg - 21.5 22.2 11.2 Unid. egg 24.0 10.7 7.5 4.6 Mammals Arctic ground squirrel 3.4 - 1.9 1.1 Miscellaneous Terrestrial vegetation 0.4 - 9.8 3.2 Unid. kelp 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 Rocks 0.2 - - 0.1 Unknown insect - - - 0.1 a Data were not collected in 1976-2003.
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Table 10. Breeding chronology of black-legged kittiwakes at Chowiet Island, Alaska.cd Mean Median No. of nests First Last First Last First Year hatch SD na hatch monitoredb lay lay hatch hatch fledge 1976 16 Jul * * * * 10 Jun 30 Jun 7 Jul 4 Aug 20 Aug 1977 15 Jul * * * * 9 Jun 30 Jun * * * 1978 11 Jul * * * * 5 Jun 27 Jun * * * 1979 20 Jul * * * * 17 Jun 9 Jul * * * 1980 10 Jul * * * * 5 Jun 3 Jul * * * 1981 10 Jul * * * * 5 Jun 5 Jul * * * 1989 * * * * * 27 Jun 7 Jul * * * 1990 13 Jul * * * * 4 Jun 29 Jun 3 Jul 24 Jul 15 Aug 1991 26 Jul * 3 * * 23 Jun 5 Jul * * * 1995 * * * * * 17 Jun 8 Jul * * * 1998 31 Jul 7 * * * 19 Jun 18 Jul 20 Jul * 4 Aug 2002 8 Jul 4 108 7-Jul * 1 Jun 28 Jun 28 Jun 25 Jul 10 Aug 2004 24 Jul 6 42 13 Jul * 8 Jun 26 Jun 4 Jul 24 Jul 11 Aug 2005 11 Aug 5 25 28 Jul * 27 Jun 14 Jul 24 Jul 12 Aug > 4 Sep 2006 16 Jul 4 200 17 Jul * 9 Jun 6 Jul 7 Jul 29 Jul 18 Aug 2007 24 Jul 6.15 71 24 Jul 237 <19 Jun 10 Jul 13 Jul 6 Aug 26 Aug a Sample size used for the calculation of mean and median hatch dates. These dates are a sub-sample for which we have observations of egg to chick in ≤ 7 days. b Total used for estimating the remaining parameters. These dates may include observations > 7 days apart. c Data were not collected in 1982-1988, 1992-1994, 1996-1997, 1999-2001, and 2003. d (*) = data collected/potentially collected but not compiled as of print date.
Table 11. Frequency distribution of hatch dates for black-legged kittiwakes at Chowiet Island, Alaska. Julian No. nests hatching on Julian dateab
Date 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1989 1990 1991 1995 1998 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 179 * * * * * * * * * * * 2 0 0 0 0 180 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 181 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 182 * * * * * * * * * * * 5 0 0 0 0 183 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 184 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 185 * * * * * * * * * * * 22 0 0 0 0 186 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 2 0 0 0 187 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 188 * * * * * * * * * * * 42 3 0 0 0 189 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 1 0 0 0 190 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 3 0 5 0 191 * * * * * * * * * * * 18 2 0 3 0 192 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 2 0 28 0 193 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 1 0 194 * * * * * * * * * * * 1 8 0 4 2195 * * * * * * * * * * * 13 4 0 10 1 196 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 1 0 47 2 197 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 23 0 198 * * * * * * * * * * * 3 3 0 2 0 199 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 23 9 200 * * * * * * * * * * * 1 7 0 23 12 201 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 1 2 202 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 1 0 1 3 203 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 5 0 204 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 11 0 205 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 5 11 206 * * * * * * * * * * * 1 5 3 1 5 207 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 208 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 4 0 209 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 1 0 0 210 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 11 3 3 211 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 4 212 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 1 0 12 213 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 1 0 0 214 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 3 0 0 215 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 216 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 4 217 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 218 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 1 219 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 220 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 4 0 0 221 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 222 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 223 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 224 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 1 0 0 n = * * * * * * * * * * * 108 42 25 200 71 a Data were not collected in 1982-1988, 1992-1994, 1996-1997, 1999-2001, and 2003. b (*) = data collected/potentially collected but not compiled as of print date.
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igure 5. Re egged kittiwakes at Chowiet Island, Alaska.
F productive performance of black-legged kittiwakes at Chowiet Island, Alaska. Laying Failure=(A-B)/A; Egg Loss=(B-C)/A; Chick Loss=(C-D)/A; Productivity=D/A, where A=total number of nests; B=number of nests with ≥ 1 egg; C=number of nests with ≥ 1 chick; D=number of nests with ≥ 1 fledged chick.
Laying Failure=(A-B)/A; Egg Loss=(B-C)/A; Chick Loss=(C-D)/A; Productivity=D/A, where A=total number of nests; B=number of nests with ≥ 1 egg; C=number of nests with ≥ 1 chick; D=number of nests with ≥ 1 fledged chick.
0%
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1995 1998 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007
Per
cent
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est s
ites
Laying failureEgg LossChick lossProductivity
Table 12. Reproductive performance of black-legged kittiwakes at Chowiet Island, Alaska.ab
Total Mean No. nests No. nests No. nests Laying Nesting Fledging Reprod. nests clutch w/eggs w/chicks w/fledged chick success success success success Prod. Year (A) (B) (D) (F) (B/A) (D/B) (F/D) (F/B) (F/A) 1976 65 1.81 27 * * * * * * * 1977 61 1.63 54 * * * * * * * 1978 66 1.70 46 * * * * * * * 1979 * * * * * * * * * * 1980 * * * * * * * * * * 1981 * * * * * * * * * * 1989 * * * * * * * * * * 1990 * * * * * * * * * * 1991 * * * * * * * * * * 1993 * * * * * * * * * * 1994 * * * * * * * * * * 1995 164 * 105 66 20 0.64 0.63 0.30 0.19 0.12 1998 187 * 75 46 12 0.40 0.61 0.26 0.16 0.06 2002 143 * 124 108 60 0.87 0.87 0.56 0.48 0.42 2004 252 * 151 33 12 0.60 0.22 0.36 0.08 0.05 2005 62 * 37 26 3 0.60 0.70 0.12 0.08 0.05 2006 400 * 321 233 194 0.80 0.73 0.83 0.60 0.49 2007 235 1.16 128 71 39 0.54 0.55 0.55 0.30 0.17 a Data were not collected in 1982-1988, 1992, 1996-1997, 1999-2001, and 2003. b (-) = data not collected in that year; (*) = data collected/potentially collected but not compiled as of print date.
22
23
Table 13. Reproductive performance of black-legged kittiwakes at Chowiet Island, Alaska, in 2007. Plots Statisticsa P06B01 Total n mean SD Parameter P03B02 P03B03 P03B04 P06B02 P06B03 P09B01 P09B02 P10B02 P11B01 Total Nests (A) 21 29 31 39 31 13 39 22 10 235 No. of nests with ≥ 1 egg (B) 12 19 17 20 20 8 15 12 5 128 Total eggs (C) 12 23 19 22 24 9 19 14 6 148 No. of nests with ≥ 1 chick (D) 4 13 9 10 8 7 9 9 2 71 Total chicks (E) 4 14 9 11 10 7 9 9 2 75 No. nests where ≥ 1 chick fledged (F) 3 9 4 5 4 3 4 7 0 39 Total chicks fledged (G) 3 9 4 5 6 3 4 7 0 41 No. of nests with 1 egg 12 15 15 18 16 7 11 10 4 108 No. of nests with 2 eggs 0 4 2 2 4 1 4 2 1 20 Laying success (B/A) 0.57 0.66 0.55 0.51 0.65 0.62 0.38 0.55 0.50 9 0.54 0.04 Clutch size (C/B) 1.00 1.21 1.12 1.10 1.20 1.13 1.27 1.17 1.20 9 1.16 0.03 Nesting success (D/B) 0.33 0.68 0.53 0.50 0.40 0.88 0.60 0.75 0.40 9 0.55 0.06 Hatching success (E/C) 0.33 0.61 0.47 0.50 0.42 0.78 0.47 0.64 0.33 9 0.51 0.04 Chick success (G/E) 0.75 0.64 0.44 0.45 0.60 0.43 0.44 0.78 0.00 9 0.55 0.05 Egg success (G/C) 0.25 0.39 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.33 0.21 0.50 0.00 9 0.28 0.04 Fledging success (F/D) 0.75 0.69 0.44 0.50 0.50 0.43 0.44 0.78 0.00 9 0.55 0.05 Reproductive success (F/B) 0.25 0.47 0.24 0.25 0.20 0.38 0.27 0.58 0.00 9 0.30 0.05 Overall productivity (F/A) 0.14 0.31 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.23 0.10 0.32 0.00 9 0.17 0.03 aStatistics were calculated using ratio estimator spreadsheets and may differ slightly from the values reported in Table 12.
24
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1973
Mea
n no
. of a
dults
400
450
Mea
n no
. of n
ests
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1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Adults Nests
Figure 6. Mean number of black-legged kittiwake adults (counted throughout the census window) and the number of black-legged kittiwake nests counted on 4 July (± 7 days).
Table 14. Black-legged kittiwake population counts at Chowiet Island, Alaska.ab Replicate 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1989 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1998 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 1 * * * * * * 470 321 * * 264 258 279 304 334 283 413 314 2 * * * * * * 493 285 * * 292 330 269 283 329 332 379 275 3 * * * * * * 406 220 * * 308 298 226 264 366 331 378 339 4 * * * * * * 453 153 * * 266 314 - 272 365 432 345 340 5 * * * * * * - 184 * * 323 299 - 269 346 415 385 327 6 * * * * * * - 232 * * 305 - - 267 348 416 381 314 7 * * * * * * - 231 * * 271 - - 247 367 269 299 318 8 * * * * * * - 293 * * 274 - - 267 246 280 355 315 9 * * * * * * - 388 * * - - - 272 211 175 349 382 10 * * * * * * - 375 * * - - - 257 208 199 256 367 11 * * * * * * - - * * - - - 273 163 - - - 12 * * * * * * - - * * - - - 259 160 - - - 13 * * * * * * - - * * - - - 281 - - - - Mean 485 406 383 377 438 436 456 268 353 * 288 300 258 270 200 313 354 329 n 47 21 48 44 49 * 4 10 * * 8 5 3 13 12 10 10 10 SD * * * * * * 37 78 * * 22 27 16 14 26 89 46 30 First Count 10 Jun 6 Jun 18 Jun 6 Jun 6 Jun * * 22 Jun * * 22 Jun 1 Jul 19 Jul 12 Jun 10 Jun 21 Jun 20 Jun 17 Jun Last Count 29 Jul 28 Jun 6 Aug 25 Jul 25 Jul * * 18 Jul * * 16 Jul 21 Jul 23 Jul19 Jul 4 July 25 Jul 22 Jul 3 Aug a Data were not collected in 1976, 1982-1988, 1992, 1996-1997, 1999-2000 and 2003. b (-) = data not collected in that year; (*) = data collected/potentially collected but not compiled as of print date.
25
Table 15. Black-legged kittiwake nest counts at Chowiet Island, Alaska.ab Replicate 1978 1979 1980 1981 1989 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1998 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 1 * * * * * * * * * * * 222 208 20 328 83 2 * * * * * * * * * * * 225 207 47 321 91 3 * * * * * * * * * * * 228 210 50 311 121 4 * * * * * * * * * * * 224 211 86 300 159 5 * * * * * * * * * * * 231 230 95 287 156 6 * * * * * * * * * * * 230 233 112 279 161 7 * * * * * * * * * * * 223 233 109 253 136 8 * * * * * * * * * * * 217 194 84 255 126 9 * * * * * * * * * * * 216 180 60 252 131 10 * * * * * * * * * * * 216 174 54 253 122 11 * * * * * * * * * * * 223 163 - - - 12 * * * * * * * * * * * 225 160 - - - 13 * * * * * * * * * * * 229 - - - - Mean * * * * * * * * * * * 224 200 72 284 128 n * * * * * * * * * * * 13 12 10 10 10 SD * * * * * * * * * * * 5 26 30 30 27 4 Jul nest count (± 7 days) 256 305 381 411 219 279 102 * * 348 230 217 160 112 300 156 First Count * * * * * * * * * * * 12 Jun 10 Jun 21 Jun 20 Jun 17 Jun Last Count * * * * * * * * * * * 19 Jul 4 Jul 25 Jul 23 Jul 3 Aug a Data were not collected in 1976-1977, 1982-1988, 1992, 1992, 1996-1997, 1999-2001 and 2003. b (-) = data not collected in that year; (*) = data collected/potentially collected but not compiled as of print date.
26
Table 16. Black-legged kittiwake population counts at Chowiet Island, Alaska, in 2007. Dates Statistics Plot 17 Jun 19 Jun 24 Jun 30 Jun 4 Jul 10 Jul 23 Jul 27 Jul 28 Jul 3 Aug Mean SD Max A02B01 49 33 41 41 50 41 40 42 49 46 A02B02 80 73 73 80 74 78 84 77 94 98 A03B01 27 21 33 38 32 25 30 29 40 40 A03B02 30 34 37 35 30 32 35 34 39 45 A03B03 2 2 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 A06B01 29 22 27 37 36 30 26 36 33 27 A06B02 26 22 25 25 29 26 20 25 32 23 A09B01 19 14 24 21 18 16 17 19 24 18 A09B02 54 55 81 64 59 66 66 53 72 70 Totals 314 275 339 340 327 314 318 315 382 367 329 30 382 Table 17. Black-legged kittiwake nest counts at Chowiet Island, Alaska, in 2007. Dates Statistics Plot 17 Jun 19 Jun 24 Jun 30 Jun 4 Jul 10 Jul 23 Jul 27 Jul 28 Jul 3 Aug Mean SD Max A02B01 16 22 19 27 27 32 24 25 25 26 A02B02 5 8 16 25 27 29 24 21 23 20 A03B01 15 11 15 22 17 17 13 11 13 11 A03B02 7 10 11 13 12 10 8 6 6 7 A03B03 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 A06B01 4 4 6 9 11 11 9 9 9 7 A06B02 5 5 5 8 11 12 10 8 8 6 A09B01 8 8 10 13 11 12 11 11 11 11 A09B02 24 24 40 42 40 40 38 36 36 35 Totals 83 91 121 159 156 161 136 126 131 122 128 27 161
27
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Table 18. Breeding chronology of thick-billed murres at Chowiet Island, Alaska.cd Mean Median Mean Median No. of nests First Last First Last Year hatch SD na hatch jump SD n jump monitoredb hatch hatch jump jump
1977 * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1978 19 Jul * * * 11 Aug * * * * * * * * 1979 19 Jul * * * 11 Aug * * * * * * * * 1980 19 Jul * * * 11 Aug * * * * * * * * 1981 17 Jul * * * 9 Aug * * * * * * * * 1989 23 Jul 6 85 * 12 Aug 4 47 * * 11 Jul 10 Aug 6 Aug 20 Aug 1990 21 Jul * 73 * 12 Aug * 46 * * 12 Jul 8 Aug 4 Aug 22 Aug 1991 23 Jul * 84 * 15 Aug * 60 * * * * * * 1993 * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1995 * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1998 * * * * * * * * * * * * * 2002 16 Jul 5.75 36 14 Jul 9 Aug 5.4 30 9 Aug * 8 Jul 2 Aug 1 Aug 23 Aug 2004 18 Jul 6 46 18 Jul 9 Aug 4 23 9 Aug * 8 Jul 13 Aug 27 Jul * 2005 16 Jul 5 75 14 Jul 8 Aug 6 58 7 Aug * 8 Jul 11 Aug 28 Jul 21 Aug 2006 24 Jul 5 42 24 Jul 18 Aug 5 38 16 Aug * 12 Jul 30 Jul 11 Aug 27 Aug 2007 24 Jul 7.10 72 22 Jul - - - - 156 13 Jul 16 Aug 2 Aug > 2 Sep a Sample size used for the calculation of mean and median hatch dates. These dates are a sub-sample for which we have observations of egg to chick in ≤ 7 days. b Total used for estimating the remaining parameters. These dates may include observations > 7 days apart. c Data were not collected in 1982-1988, 1992, 1994, 1996-1997, 1999-2001 and 2003. d (-) = data not collected in that year; (*) = data collected/potentially collected but not compiled as of print date.
Table 19. Frequency distribution of hatch dates for thick-billed murres at Chowiet Island, Alaska. Julian No. nests hatching on Julian dateab
Date 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1989 1990 1991 1995 1998 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 189 * * * * * * * * * * 1 0 0 0 0 190 * * * * * * * * * * 0 1 1 0 0 191 * * * * * * * * * * 4 0 13 0 0192 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 193 * * * * * * * * * * 5 1 1 0 0 194 * * * * * * * * * * 0 4 3 1 4195 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 9 0 0 196 * * * * * * * * * * 9 9 11 0 2 197 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 198 * * * * * * * * * * 0 3 1 1 8 199 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 2 0 200 * * * * * * * * * * 0 17 20 1 7 201 * * * * * * * * * * 5 0 1 0 2 202 * * * * * * * * * * 0 6 1 11 2 203 * * * * * * * * * * 1 0 3 0 13 204 * * * * * * * * * * 0 1 5 0 8 205 * * * * * * * * * * 3 0 1 2 10 206 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 3 4 4 207 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 6 1 208 * * * * * * * * * * 0 2 0 3 5 209 * * * * * * * * * * 2 0 0 3 1 210 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 2 4 4 211 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 1 2 212 * * * * * * * * * * 0 1 0 0 1 213 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 214 * * * * * * * * * * 1 0 0 4 2 215 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 216 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 1 217 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 218 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 1 219 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 220 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 221 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 1 222 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 1 223 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 224 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 225 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 226 * * * * * * * * * * 0 1 0 0 1 227 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 228 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 1 n = * * * * * * * * * * 36 46 75 43 72 a Data were not collected in 1982-1988, 1992, 1994, 1996-1997, 1999-2001 and 2003. b (*) = data collected/potentially collected but not compiled as of print date.
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igure 7. Re ductive performance of thick-billed murres at Chowiet Island. Egg loss= (A-B)/A;
F productive performance of thick-billed murres at Chowiet Island. Egg loss= (A-B)/A;Chick loss= (B-C)/A; Productivity= C/A, where A= number of nest sites with an egg, B= number of nest sites with a chick, and C= number of sites with a fledged chick.
Chick loss= (B-C)/A; Productivity= C/A, where A= number of nest sites with an egg, B= number of nest sites with a chick, and C= number of sites with a fledged chick.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1995
1998
2002
2004
2005
2006
2007
Per
cent
of n
est s
ites
Egg lossChick lossProductivity
Table 20. Reproductive performance of thick-billed murres at Chowiet Island, Alaska.ab No. of sites No. of sites No. sites w/ Hatching success Fledging success Reproductive success Year w/ egg (A) w/ chick (B) fledged chick (C) (B/A) (C/B) (C/A) 1977 * * * * * * 1978 * * * * * * 1979 * * * * * 0.48 1980 * * * * * 0.46 1981 * * * * * 0.63 1989 * * * * * 0.43 1990 * * * * * 0.42 1991 * * * * * 0.47 1993 * * * * * 0.43 1995 100 80 40 0.80 0.50 0.40 1998 59 28 14 0.47 0.50 0.24 2002 97 56 35 0.58 0.63 0.36 2004 167 79 45 0.47 0.57 0.27 2005 158 88 62 0.56 0.70 0.39 2006 116 67 56 0.58 0.84 0.48 2007 154 97 70 0.63 0.72 0.45 a Data were not collected in 1982-1988, 1992, 1994, 1996-1997, 1999-2001 and 2003. b (*) = data collected/potentially collected but not compiled as of print date.
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Table 21. Reproductive performance of thick-billed murres at Chowiet Island, Alaska, in 2007. Plots Statisticsa 03M01 03M04 03M06 03MJH2 03M01 Total n mean SD Parameter 03M03 03M05 03M07 03MJH 03MJH3 03MJH4 03M03 No. of sites with an egg (A) 18 23 22 32 14 24 21 154 No. of sites with chick (B) 13 9 14 23 8 18 12 97 No. of sites with chick fledged (C) 11 6 10 18 6 11 8 70 Hatching success (B/A) 0.72 0.39 0.64 0.72 0.57 0.75 0.57 7 0.63 0.50 Fledging success (C/B) 0.85 0.67 0.71 0.78 0.75 0.61 0.67 7 0.72 0.03 Reproductive success (C/A) 0.61 0.26 0.45 0.56 0.43 0.46 0.38 7 0.45 0.05 aStatistics were calculated using ratio estimator spreadsheet and may differ slightly from the values reported in Table 20.
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1973
2007
Mea
n no
. of a
dults
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
Figure 8. Mean number of thick-billed murres counted on index plots at Chowiet Island, Alaska.
Table 22. Thick-billed murre population counts at Chowiet Island, Alaska.ab Replicate 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1989 1990 1991 1993 1995 1998 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 1 * * * * * * 139 156 * * * 53 78 108 96 100 64 2 * * * * * * 152 137 * * * 59 72 101 73 120 81 3 * * * * * * 114 161 * * * 40 78 86 108 127 80 4 * * * * * * 139 146 * * * - 76 107 92 82 96 5 * * * * * * 130 140 * * * - 75 75 109 130 98 6 * * * * * * 144 131 * * * - 63 90 119 113 80 7 * * * * * * 185 161 * * * - 66 87 130 68 102 8 * * * * * * 137 132 * * * - 56 94 107 118 111 9 * * * * * * 155 134 * * * - 71 83 115 117 106 10 * * * * * * 152 113 * * * - - 82 112 107 102 Mean * * * * * 118 145 141 * 155 96 51 71 91 106 108 92 n * * * * * 4 10 10 * 6 5 3 9 10 10 10 10 SD * * * * * * 19 15 * 31 23 6 8 11 16 20 15 Murre species combined Mean 2816 2635 2308 2415 2856 2823 2980 3117 2784 3578 3693 3482 2464 3521 3588 3565 4135 n 43 7 42 40 42 13 10 10 10 6 5 3 9 10 10 10 10 SD * * * * * * 213 124 94 86 367 * 153 160 165 346 224 First Count 20 Jun 22 Jun 20 Jun 20 Jun 20 Jun * * * * * * 19 Jul 19 Jun 26 Jun 21 Jun 21 Jun 26 Jun Last Count 1 Aug 28 Jun 1 Aug 1 Aug 1 Aug * * * * * * 23 Jul 29 Jul 19 Jul 31 Jul 30 Jul 28 Jul a Data were not collected in 1976, 1982-1988, 1992, 1994,1996-1997, 1999-2000 and 2003. b(*) = data collected/potentially collected but not compiled as of print date.
34
Table 23. Thick-billed murre population counts at Chowiet Island, Alaska, in 2007. Dates Statistics Plot 26 Jun 2 Jul 4 Jul 9 Jul 16 Jul 21 Jul 22 Jul 23 Jul 27 Jul 28 Jul Mean SD Max A03M04 14 18 20 23 19 15 15 13 19 17 A03M05 6 8 8 9 8 10 9 8 9 10 A06M01 3 2 5 3 2 1 2 3 4 4 A09M02 42 54 47 61 69 55 77 87 75 71 Totals 64 81 80 96 98 80 102 111 106 102 92 15 111
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Table 24. Breeding chronology of common murres at Chowiet Island, Alaska.cd Mean Median Mean Median No. of nests First Last First Last Year hatch SD na hatch jump SD n jump monitoredb hatch hatch jump jump
1977 * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1978 * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1979 20 Jul * * * 12 Aug * * * * * * * * 1980 18 Jul * * * 10 Aug * * * * * * * * 1981 18 Jul * * * 10 Aug * * * * * * * * 1989 25 Jul 5 113 * 14 Aug 4 65 * * 17 Jul 10 Aug 6 Aug 20 Aug 1990 25 Jul * 145 * 14 Aug * 97 * * 12 Jul 22 Aug 1 Aug 22 Aug 1991 25 Jul * 121 * 18 Aug * * * * * * * * 1993 * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1995 30 Jul 7 58 * 17 Aug 7 28 * * 22 Jun * 10 Aug * 1998 29 Jul 10 66 * 17 Aug 7 42 * * 17 Jul * 1 Aug * 2002 20 Jul 6.25 119 20 Jul 11 Aug 6 121 11 Aug * 6 Jul 11 Aug 26 Jul 29 Aug 2004 19 Jul 6 118 18 Jul 9 Aug 4 70 * * 9 Jul 9 Aug 28 Jul * 2005 13 Jul 6 165 14 Jul 6 Aug 7 129 4 Aug * 29 Jun 4 Aug 23 Jul 22 Aug 2006 24 Jul 7 122 22 Jul 15 Aug 5 120 13 Aug * 13 Jul 3 Aug 2 Aug 27 Aug 2007 25 Jul 6.17 125 24 Jul - - - - 270 13 Jul 30 Aug 4 Aug > 2 Sep a Sample size used for the calculation of mean and median hatch dates. These dates are a sub-sample for which we have observations of egg to chick in ≤ 7 days. b Total used for estimating the remaining parameters. These dates may include observations > 7 days apart. c Data were not collected in 1982-1988, 1992, 1994, 1996-1997, 1999-2001 and 2003. d (-) = data not collected in that year; (*) = data collected/potentially collected but not compiled as of print date.
Table 25. Frequency distribution of hatch dates for common murres at Chowiet Island, Alaska. Julian No. nests hatching on Julian dateab
Date 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1989 1990 1991 1995 1998 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 180 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 1 0 0 181 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 182 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 183 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 184 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 185 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 186 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 16 0 0 187 * * * * * * * * * * 1 0 0 0 0 188 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 189 * * * * * * * * * * 1 0 2 0 0 190 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 28 0 0 191 * * * * * * * * * * 2 1 21 0 0192 * * * * * * * * * * 0 3 0 0 0 193 * * * * * * * * * * 7 0 5 0 0 194 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 5 6 1195 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 4 0 0 196 * * * * * * * * * * 23 19 43 2 2 197 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 6 1 198 * * * * * * * * * * 1 1 1 12 8 199 * * * * * * * * * * 24 1 0 10 0 200 * * * * * * * * * * 0 44 24 5 8 201 * * * * * * * * * * 9 0 5 6 0 202 * * * * * * * * * * 0 18 0 22 3 203 * * * * * * * * * * 20 0 0 15 23 204 * * * * * * * * * * 0 11 3 8 14 205 * * * * * * * * * * 8 0 0 0 6 206 * * * * * * * * * * 0 9 1 13 9 207 * * * * * * * * * * 6 0 0 0 0 208 * * * * * * * * * * 0 1 1 0 10 209 * * * * * * * * * * 6 2 1 1 3 210 * * * * * * * * * * 0 2 0 0 18 211 * * * * * * * * * * 5 0 0 2 1 212 * * * * * * * * * * 0 1 0 0 1 213 * * * * * * * * * * 2 0 1 1 0 214 * * * * * * * * * * 0 2 1 0 0 215 * * * * * * * * * * 2 0 0 2 1 216 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 1 0 9 217 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 218 * * * * * * * * * * 0 1 0 0 0 219 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 1 0 220 * * * * * * * * * * 0 1 0 1 0 221 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 4 222 * * * * * * * * * * 0 1 0 1 2 223 * * * * * * * * * * 2 0 0 0 0 224 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 225 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 3 0 226 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 0 1 1 n = * * * * * 113 145 121 58 66 119 118 165 122 125 a Data were not collected in 1982-1988, 1992-1994, 1996-1997, 1999-2001, and 2003. b (*) = data collected/potentially collected but not compiled as of print date.
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38
igure 9. Reprof
igure 9. Reproductive performance of common murres at Chowiet Island. Egg loss= (A-B)/A; f
F ductive performance of common murres at Chowiet Island. Egg loss= (A-B)/A; Chick loss= (B-C)/A; Productivity= C/A, where A= number of nest sites with an egg, B= number onest sites with a chick, and C= number of sites with a fledged chick.
Chick loss= (B-C)/A; Productivity= C/A, where A= number of nest sites with an egg, B= number onest sites with a chick, and C= number of sites with a fledged chick.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1995 1998 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007
Per
cent
of n
est s
ites
Egg lossChick lossProductivity
Table 26. Reproductive performance of common murres at Chowiet Island, Alaska.ab No. of sites No. of sites No. sites w/ Hatching success Fledging success Reproductive success Year w/ egg (A) w/ chick (B) fledged chick (C) (B/A) (C/B) (C/A) 1977 * * * * * * 1978 * * * * * * 1979 * * * * * 0.48 1980 * * * * * 0.64 1981 * * * * * 0.59 1989 * * * * * 0.58 1990 * * * * * 0.54 1991 * * * * * 0.52 1993 * * * * * 0.51 1995 202 150 99 0.74 0.66 0.49 1998 180 70 38 0.39 0.54 0.21 2002 215 154 122 0.72 0.79 0.57 2004 291 187 131 0.64 0.70 0.45 2005 284 202 152 0.71 0.75 0.54 2006 398 263 227 0.66 0.86 0.57 2007 280 165 138 0.59 0.84 0.49 a Data were not collected in 1982-1988, 1992, 1994, 1996-1997, 1999-2001 and 2003. b (*) = data collected/potentially collected but not compiled as of print date.
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Table 27. Reproductive performance of common murres at Chowiet Island, Alaska, in 2007. Plots Statisticsa 03M01 03M02 03M03 03M04 03M06 03M07 03MJH 03MJH2 03MJH4 09M01 09M03 Total n mean SD Parameter 03M05 03MJH3 No. of sites with an egg (A) 22 41 20 32 26 17 17 25 15 27 38 282 No. of sites with chick (B) 9 23 11 18 18 7 10 17 12 16 24 167 No. of sites with chick fledged (C) 7 19 8 14 15 6 8 15 12 13 21 138 Hatching success (B/A) 0.41 0.56 0.55 0.56 0.69 0.41 0.59 0.68 0.80 0.59 0.63 11 0.59 0.03 Fledging success (C/B) 0.78 0.83 0.73 0.78 0.83 0.86 0.80 0.88 1.00 0.81 0.88 11 0.84 0.02 Reproductive success (C/A) 0.32 0.46 0.40 0.44 0.58 0.35 0.47 0.60 0.80 0.48 0.55 11 0.49 0.03 aStatistics were calculated using ratio estimator spreadsheets and may differ slightly from the values reported in Table 26.
41
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
2007
Mea
n no
. of a
dults
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
Figure 10. Mean number of common murres counted on index plots at Chowiet Island, Alaska.
Table 28. Common murre population counts at Chowiet Island, Alaska.ab Replicate 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1989 1990 1991 1993 1995 1998 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 1 * * * * * * 2408 2906 * * * 3574 2448 3839 3122 3037 3875 2 * * * * * * 2735 2714 * * * 3386 2522 3442 3348 3708 4228 3 * * * * * * 2658 3025 * * * 3352 2407 3367 3428 3681 3699 4 * * * * * * 2914 2993 * * * - 2125 3395 3623 2994 3819 5 * * * * * * 2777 2850 * * * - 2317 3410 3568 3628 4248 6 * * * * * * 2855 3031 * * * - 2175 3412 3554 3671 4106 7 * * * * * * 3071 3093 * * * - 2528 3247 3617 2953 4248 8 * * * * * * 2888 3131 * * * - 2503 3362 3621 3466 4287 9 * * * * * * 3051 3013 * * * - 2517 3377 3460 3764 4098 10 * * * * * * 2991 3001 * * * - - 3441 3484 3672 3830 Mean * * * * * 2705 2835 2976 * 3423 3597 3437 2394 3429 3482 3457 4044 n * * * * * 10 10 10 * 6 5 3 9 10 10 10 10 SD * * * * * * 201 123 * 99 350 69 154 154 157 329 218 Murre species combined Mean 2816 2635 2308 2415 2856 2823 2980 3117 2784 3578 3693 3482 2464 3521 3588 3565 4135 n * * * * * 13 10 10 10 6 5 3 9 10 10 10 10 SD * * * * * - 213 124 94 86 367 126.8 153 160 165 346 224 First Count * * * * * * * 28 Jun * * * 19 Jul 19 Jun 26 Jun 21 Jun 21 Jun 26 Jun Last Count * * * * * * * 21 Jul * * * 23 Jul 29Jul 19 Jul 31 Jul 30 Jul 28 Jul a Data were not collected in 1982-1988, 1992, 1994, 1996-1997, 1999-2000 and 2003. b (*) = data collected/potentially collected but not compiled as of print date.
42
43
Table 29. Common murre population counts at Chowiet Island, Alaska, in 2007. Dates Statistics Plot 26 Jun 2 Jul 4 Jul 9 Jul 16 Jul 21 Jul 22 Jul 23 Jul 27 Jul 28 Jul Mean SD Max A03M01 149 150 161 156 194 154 165 139 129 127 A03M02 119 126 113 123 132 116 131 112 123 114 A03M03 77 85 70 83 90 94 85 80 79 74 A03M04 218 213 210 218 229 204 220 202 235 202 A03M05 40 44 42 39 47 37 50 44 46 41 A06M01 304 324 306 285 297 353 327 336 341 287 A09M01 95 109 95 97 102 99 112 106 103 98 A09M02 645 668 589 603 680 621 633 634 589 622 A10M01 1316 1467 1339 1352 1540 1450 1498 1541 1469 1332 A10M02 914 1021 776 866 938 979 1029 1094 986 935 Totals 3875 4228 3699 3819 4248 4106 4248 4287 4098 3830 4044 218 4287
44
Table 30. Frequency of occurrence of prey in diets of common and thick-billed murres at Chowiet Island, Alaska. Frequency is expressed as the percentage of food samples in which each species was present.ab 2002 2004 2005 2006 Date begin * * * * end * * * * No. samples 200 32 43 51 Cephalapods 2.0 0 2.3 2.0 Clupeidae 0 0 0 0 Clupea pallasii 0 0 0 2.0 Osmeridae 6.0 3.12 0 0 Mallotus villosus 43.0 68.8 83.7 45.1 Hypomesus pretiosus 0 0 2.3 0 Thaleichthys pacificus 0 12.5 2.3 7.8 Salmonidae 0 0 0 7.8 Gadidae 1.5 0 0 7.8 Hexagrammidae 0 0 0 3.9 Zaproridae 0 0 0 0 Zaprora silenus 1.0 3.12 4.7 0 Trichodontidae 0 0 0 0 Trichodon trichodon 0 3.12 0 2.0 Ammodytidae 0 0 0 0 Ammodytes hexapterus 43.5 9.4 2.3 11.8 Pleuronectidae 0 0 2.3 0 Unid. Prey item 3.0 0 0 9.8 a Data were not collected in 1978, 1980-1997, 1999-2001, 2003, 2006 and 2007. b (*) = data collected/potentially collected but not compiled as of print date.
45
Table 31. Breeding chronology of parakeet auklets at Chowiet Island, Alaska.cd Mean Median No. of nests First Last First Last Mean Year hatch SD na hatch monitoredb hatch hatch fledge fledge fledge 1976 10 Jul * 5 * * 25 Jun 16 Jul * * * 2002 30 Jun 2.83 2 30 Jun 2 28 Jun 1 Jul - - - 2005 5 Jul 4.30 12 4 Jul 31 23 Jun 13 Jul 2 Aug 6 Aug 5 Aug 2006 2 Jul 4.28 7 3 Jul 33 22 Jun 7 Jul 28 Jul 15 Aug 4 Aug 2007 2 Jul 8.94 7 1 Jul 29 23 Jun 21 Jul 2 Aug 8 Aug 6 Aug a Sample size used for the calculation of mean and median hatch dates. These dates are a sub-sample for which we have observations of egg to chick in ≤ 7 days. b Total used for estimating the remaining parameters. These dates may include observations > 7 days apart. c Data were not collected in 1977-2001 and 2003-2004. d (-) = data not collected in that year; (*) = data collected/potentially collected but not compiled as of print date.
Table 32. Frequency distribution of hatch dates for parakeet auklets at Chowiet Island, Alaska. Julian No. nests hatching on Julian dateab
Date 1976 2002 2005 2006 2007 174 * 0 0 0 1 175 * 0 0 0 0 176 * 0 0 0 0 177 * 0 0 0 0 178 * 0 1 0 0 179 * 1 0 0 2 180 * 0 0 0 0 181 * 0 0 2 0 182 * 0 0 2 2 183 * 1 0 0 0 184 * 0 5 0 0 185 * 0 0 0 1 186 * 0 1 0 0 187 * 0 2 3 0 188 * 0 0 0 0 189 * 0 0 0 0 190 * 0 1 0 0 191 * 0 0 0 0 192 * 0 1 0 0 193 * 0 0 0 0 194 * 0 1 0 0 195 * 0 0 0 0 196 * 0 0 0 0 197 * 0 0 0 0 198 * 0 0 0 0 199 * 0 0 0 0 200 * 0 0 0 0 201 * 0 0 0 0 202 * 0 0 0 1 n = 5 2 12 7 7 a Data were not collected in 1977-2001 and 2003-2004. b (*) = data collected/potentially collected but not compiled as of print date.
46
Figure 11. Reproductive performance of parakeet auklets at Chowiet Island, Alaska. Egg loss= (A-B)/A; Chick loss= (B-C)/A; Productivity= C/A, where A= number of nest sites with an egg, B= number of nest sites with a chick, and C= number of sites with a fledged chick.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
1998 2002 2005 2006
Per
cent
of n
est s
ites
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2007
Egg lossChick lossProductivity
47
Table 33. Reproductive performance of parakeet auklets at Chowiet Island, Alaska.ab Parameter 1976 1998 2002 2005 2006 2007 Total eggs (A) 7 12 2 31 24 29 No. eggs lost to: disappearance * * * 1 1 2 abandonment 2 * * 6 4 1 breakage * * * 3 0 4 Total chicks (B) 5 10 2 21 19 22 No. chicks lost to: disappearance * * * 3 2 10 death 2 * * 5 1 5 No. chicks fledged (C) * 3 0 13 16 7 Hatching success (B/A) 0.71 0.84 1.00 0.68 0.79 0.76 Fledging success (C/B) * 0.30 0.00 0.62 0.84 0.32 Reproductive success (C/A) * 0.25 0.00 0.42 0.67 0.24 a Data was not collected in 1977-1997, 1999-2001, and 2003-2004. b (*) = data collected/potentially collected but not compiled as of print date.
48
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
8-May
18-May
28-May
7-Jun
17-Jun
27-Jun
7-Jul
17-Jul
27-Jul
6-Aug
16-Aug
26-Aug
5-Sep
15-Sep
No.
of i
ndiv
idua
ls 20072006200520021998
Figure 12. Counts of parakeet auklets on a water plot at Chowiet Island, Alaska.
49
2006
0100200300400500600700
16-May
23-May
30-May
6-Jun
13-Jun
20-Jun
27-Jun
4-Jul
11-Jul
18-Jul
25-Jul
1-Aug
8-Aug
15-Aug
22-Aug
No.
of i
ndiv
idua
ls
2002
0100200300400500600700
16-May
23-May
30-May
6-Jun
13-Jun
20-Jun
27-Jun
4-Jul
11-Jul
18-Jul
25-Jul
1-Aug
8-Aug
15-Aug
22-Aug
No.
of i
ndiv
idua
ls
1998
0100200300400500600700
16-May
23-May
30-May
6-Jun
13-Jun
20-Jun
27-Jun
4-Jul
11-Jul
18-Jul
25-Jul
1-Aug
8-Aug
15-Aug
22-Aug
No.
of i
ndiv
idua
ls
Figure 13a-e. Counts of parakeet auklets on a water plot at Chowiet Island, Alaska.
2007
0100200300400500600700
16-May
23-May
30-May
6-Jun
13-Jun
20-Jun
27-Jun
4-Jul
11-Jul
18-Jul
25-Jul
1-Aug
8-Aug
15-Aug
22-Aug
No.
of i
ndiv
idua
ls
2005
0100200300400500600700
16-May
23-May
30-May
6-Jun
13-Jun
20-Jun
27-Jun
4-Jul
11-Jul
18-Jul
25-Jul
1-Aug
8-Aug
15-Aug
22-Aug
No.
of i
ndiv
idua
ls
50
51
0 and 0930. Table 34. Population counts of parakeet auklets at Chowiet Island, Alaska, in 2007. Counts were made between 073 Dates
12 Jun 13 Jun 14 Jun 22 Jun 23 May 26 May 27 May 28 May 30 May 1 Jun 2 Jun 3 Jun 5 Jun 6 Jun 8 Jun 9 Jun No. of Individuals 126 181 136 197 170 140 211 291 211 131 186 214 287 402 203 439 Table 34. Continued. Dates 30 Jun 6 Jul 11 Jul 19 Jul 31 Jul 10 Aug 17 Aug Maximum Date maximum counted No. of Individuals 382 64 129 205 56 5 0 439 22 Jun
Table 35. Breeding chronology of rhinoceros auklets at Chowiet Island, Alaska.cd Mean Median No. of nests First Last First Last Mean Year hatch SD na hatch monitoredb hatch hatch fledge fledge fledge 1976 16 Jul * * * 45 * * 19 Aug * * 1977 * * * * * 1979 * * * * * 1998 2 Jul 8 24 * * * * * * 22 Aug 2002 26 Jun 7 14 25 Jun 14 16 Jun 6 Jul 6 Jul - - 2004 2 Jul 4 13 3 Jul 28 28 Jun 8 Jul - - -
* * * * * * * * * *
a Sample size used for the calculation of mean and median hatch dates. These dates are a sub-sample for which we h observations of egg to chick in ≤ 7 days. b Total used for estimating the remaining parameters. These dates may include observations > 7 days apart. c Data were not collected in 1978, 1980-1997, 1999-2001, 2003, and 2005-2007. d (-) = data not collected in that year; (*) = data collected/potentially collected but not compiled as of print date.
ave
52
Table 36. Freque
53
stribution of hatch dates for rhinoceros auklets at Chowiet Island, Alaska. ncy di Julia No. nests hatching on Julian dateab n Date 1977 1998 2002 2004 1976 1979 167 * * * * 1 0
0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 * * * * 1 5 0 0 0 0 * * * * 1 0 1 0 0 5 * * * * 0 0 2 0 0 0 * * * * 0 0 0 3 0 0 * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 0 * * * * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
* * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201n = a Data web (*) = data
24 14 13 ot collected in 1978, 1980-1997, 1999-2001, 2003, and 2005-2007.
collected/potentia ected iled as of print date.
* * * re n
lly coll but not comp
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
00%1
1976 1998 2002 2004
Per
cent
of n
est s
ites
Egg lossChick lossProductivity
1997
Figu(A-Bnum
igu(A-Bnum
re 1 Rep perf a inoceros auklets at Chowiet Island, Alaska. Egg loss= )/A ick loss= (B-C)/A; Productivity= C/A, where A= number of nest sites with an egg, B= b est mber of sites with a fledged chick.
re 1 Rep perf a inoceros auklets at Chowiet Island, Alaska. Egg loss= )/A ick loss= (B-C)/A; Productivity= C/A, where A= number of nest sites with an egg, B= b est mber of sites with a fledged chick.
4. ; Chof n
4. ; Chof n
rod
site
rod
site
uc
s w
uc
s w
tive
it
tive
it
orm
ick,
orm
ick,
nce
and
nce
and
o
C
o
C
f rh
= nu
f rh
= nuer er h ah a ch ch
54
55
slaTable 37. Reproductive performance of rhinoceros auklets at Chowiet I nd, Alaska.ab Parameter 1976 1977 1979 1997 1998 2002 2004 Total eggs (A) No. eggs lost to: disappearance abandonment breakage Total Chicks (B) No. chicks lost to: disappearance death No. chicks fledged (C) Hatching success (B/A) 0.77 Fledging success (C/B) 0.00 Reproductive success (C/A)
3
2
0.
5
***
7
**
0
00
45
***
32
**
23
.71
.72
.51
*
***
*
**
*
*
*
*
*
***
*
**
*
*
*
*
1
1
0.
0.
0.
7
***
3
**
3
76
25
18
34
***
25
**
20
.7
.80
.5
28
***
20
**
1
0.7
0.0
0.0
1
5
4
4
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
a Data were not collected in 1978, b (*) = data collected/potentially co
198llect
0-ed
19 b
96,ut n
19ot
99co
-2mp
00ile
1, 2d a
00s
3,of
anpri
d nt
20dat
05-e.
2007.
Table 38. Census of rhinoceros auklet burrow wiet Island, Alaska.a s at Cho Colony 1976 197 1979 1993 1998 2003 2005 2006 2007 7 Spruce Cove Sub-colony A 57 * * * * * 293 64 113 Sub-colony B * * * * * * 408 * 233 Sub-colony C 285 * * 430 * * 178 86 91 Total 342 * 430 782 997 879 150 437 Landing Cove 45 * 116 204 112 33 7 19 South Bay Sub-colony 1 * * * * * * * 89 68 Sub-colony 2 * * * * * * * 42 54 Sub-colony 3 * * * * * * * 73 39 Sub-colony 4 * * * * * * * 18 44 Sub-colony 5 * * * * * * * 45 100 Total 179 531 565 830 375 267 305 South East Colony * * * * * * * * 18 Island-wide total 566 * * > 1077 1551 1939 1287 >424 509
*
*
a Data were not collected in 1978, 1980-1992, 97, 1999-2002, and 2004. b (*) = data collected/potentially collected but iled as of print date.
1994-19not comp
56
Table 39. Re
57
r u Chowiet Island, Alaska. Numb n ge of the mass of co d samples comprised by each spec
lative biomass of prey in diprese
ets of rhinocembined foo
os a klets aters re
ies.abt the percenta
197 2002 2004 2005 2007 1976 7 1979 1998 Date 1 Jul 7 Jul 15 Jul 26 Jul 13 Jul 20 Jul No. sa 94 20 21 9 12 No. individual * 101 110 56 49 Total mass (g * 325.7 524 282.3 228.1 Osm * - - - - - Mallotus villosus 7.2 - 2.6 - Hypom etiosus - - - 12.6 - Salmonida - - 0.9 - - Onco ch ket - - - -
* - - - - - r - - - -
a ephalu - - - -
* - - - - -
* - a fimbria - - - -
- - - 0.7 cag - -
- - - -
* - xapteru * 99.1 84.8 99.2
c - - - -
d. val h * 0.1
mple
eridae
esu
rhyn
s m
nidas spp
omati
rammiramdon el
odytes h
ne
lar
begin
end
s prey items
)
s pr
e us
alcogcroc
e
dae
daemos de
ongate
e
tidae
fis
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * *
*
* * * * * * *
* * * * * *
* * * ** * *
* * * *
* * * *
* * * * * ** * *
* *
* * *
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
* *
*
804
2856.6
0.1
0.2
0.1 0.2
a
am
s
Gadidae Theragra chGadu ScorpaeSebaste AnoplopAnoplom HexagHexagOphio Ammodytidae Amm Pleuro Uni
mas
ram
s
mus
- - - - 0.1
- - - - 0.6
5.7 - 5 -
0.3
- - - - 92.6
0.1
- - - -
87.8
t r t colle 9 0
tially colle ut not
a Dab (*) =
a wedata collecte
e no cted ind
1978, 198n
0-1997, 19ct
9-2 compiled a
01, 2003, ans of print date.
d 2006. /pote ed b
Table 4 requ c re of r c s au at Chowiet Island, Alaska. Freque ed as the f food samples in which each species was present.
0. F
ab
enncy
cy is
of o exp
curress
nce pre pe
y irc
n dent
ietag
s ofe o
hino ero klets
1 2002 2004 2005 2007 976 1977 1979 1998 Date egin * * 1 Jul 7 Jul 15 Jul nd * * 26 Jul 13 Jul 20 Jul No. sam s 94 20 21 9 12 Osmeri - - - - - Mallotu osus 2.1 19.1 - 11.1 - Hypome pre - - - 33.3 - Salmon - - 4.8 - - Oncorh us k 1.1 - - - - Gadidae - - - - - Theragra chalco 2.1 - - - - Gadus roce 3.2 - - - - Scorpae ae - - - - - Sebaste p 1.1 - - - - Anoplop atida - - - - - A m imbr 2.1 - - - Hexagr dae - - 8.3 H r os d m - 9.5 - - - O don elong 3.2 - - - Am d ae - - - - - Am ex * 95.2 88.9 100.0 Pleuron dae .1 - - - Unid. la fish - - - - 8.3
b e
ple
dae s villsus
idaeynch
mac
nids sp
oma f
ammiamm
ytid
ecti
rval
tios
eta
grph
e ia
ecate
ap
*
*
* * * *
* *
* * *
* *
* *
* * *
* *
*
*
*
*
* * * *
* *
* * *
* *
* *
* * *
* *
*
*
*
*
* * * *
* *
* * *
* *
* *
* * *
*
*
*
us
amalu
ags
ter
ma s
ram
us
-
-
-
95
-
noplo
exagphio
momodytes h
19.2
94.7
1
.0
us
a D w not in 1978, 1980 001, 2 and 20b ( d colle n y ecte p nt d
ata*) =
ereata
colcte
lecd/p
tedote
-19d b
97ut
, 1 no
99t c
9-2om
003, 06ate
. . tiall coll iled as of pri
58
Table 41. Species composition of prey in diets of rhinoceros auklets at Chowiet Island, Alaska. Values are expressed as the percentage of total individual prey items comprised by each
pecies.ab s
1976 1977 1979 1998 2002 2004 2005 2007
* * * * * 1 Jul 7 Jul 15 Jul
* * * * 26 Jul 13 Jul 20 Jul
allotus villosus * * * 0.3 4.9 - 1.8 - us
ncorhynchus keta * * * 0.1 - - - -
heragra chalcogramma * * * 0.3 - - - - halus
ebastes spp * * * 0.1 - - - -
ae noploma fimbria * * * 0.5 - - - -
exagrammos decagrammus * * * - 4.0 - - -
mmodytes hexapterus * * * 91.7 91.1 99.1 76.8 96.0
Date begin end * No. samples * * * 94 20 21 9 12 Osmeridae * * * - - - - - MHypomesus pretios * * * - - - 21.4 - Salmonidae * * * - - - - - O Gadidae * * * - - - - - TGadus macrocep * * * 0.4 - - - - Scorpaenidae * * * - - - - - S Anoplopomatid * * * - - - - - A Hexagrammidae * * * 6.0 - - - 2.0 HOphiodon elongates * * * 0.6 - - - - Ammodytidae * * * - - - - - A Pleuronectidae * * * 0.1 - - - - Unid. larval fish * * * - - 0.9 - 2.0 a Data were not collected in 1978, 1980-1997, 1999-2001, 2003, and 2006.
tentially cb (*) = data collected/po ollected but not compiled as of print date.
59
60
Table 42. Breeding chronology of horned puffins at Chowiet Island, Alaska.cd Mean s LYear hatch SD na b h a
Mhedat
ianch
No. of nestito
F h
irstatc
ast tch
Ffle
irsdg
t e
Lafled
st ge mon red h
1976 31 Jul * 56 7 e2004 25-Jul 4.47 12 - 2005 27 Jul 6 37 u2006 31 Jul 4.82 31 16 Aug Aug 2007 8 Aug 5.24 14 g 23 Jul 15 Aug > 2 Sep *
* 44 1 Au
* 1237 31 44
23 Jul18-Jul17 Jul21 Jul
13
AuAug
14 Aug
g
> 4
> 226
S- A
p
g
*-*
*
2238
JulJul Jul
a Sample size used for the calculatio d me ch es. These dates are a sub-sample for which we have observations ofchick in ≤ 7 days. b Total used for estimating the remainin ete T in o ati da arc Data were not collected in 1977-2003. d (-) = data not collected in that year; (*) o ed c cte t no piled f pr ate
egg to
.
t. ys ap
int d
n of mean an
ara
at
dian hat
he
dat
mg p
= d
m
a c
rs.
llect
se
/potentially
dates ay
olle
clude
d bu
bserv
t com
ons > 7
as o
61
able 43. Frequency distribution of hatch dates for horned puffins at Chowiet Island, Alaska. T Julian No. nests hatching on Julian dateab
Date 1976 2004 2005 2006 2007 198 0 1 0 0 * 99 * 0 0 0 0
* * 0 0 0 0 *
0 0 0 *
* 0 *
* 8 09 * 0 0 0 0
* * 1
12 * 0 1 7 0 *
0 * 0
16 * 1 1 0 0 *
* 2 19 * 0 0 0 0
* 0 22 * 0 0 0 0
1
* 0 26 * 0 1 0 0
*
1200 2 0 0 0 201 202 0 5 1 0 203 * 0 204 0 12 1 0 205 0 1 0 206 5 1 1 0 207 * 0 1 2 0 208 0 2 1 2210 4 0 3 0 211 0 0 0 2213 0 0 0 0 214 * 0 10 1 215 0 0 0 2217 0 1 0 0 218 0 3 1 2220 * 0 0 0 6 221 0 0 0 2223 * 0 0 0 0 224 * 0 0 2 225 0 0 0 2227 0 0 0 3 228 * 0 0 1 0 n = 56 12 37 31 14
1977-200(*) = data collected/potentially collected but not compiled as of print date.
a Data were not collected in 3. b
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
0%10
1976 2005 2006 2007
Per
cent
of n
est s
ites
Egg lossChick lossProductivity
2004
FiguB)/Anum
iguB)/Anum
re 1 Rep ctive p r c horned puffins at Chowiet Island, Alaska. Egg loss= (A-; C loss= (B-C)/A; i /A, where A= number of nest sites with an egg, B= b est c number of sites with a fledged chick.
re 1 Rep ctive p r c horned puffins at Chowiet Island, Alaska. Egg loss= (A-; C loss= (B-C)/A; i /A, where A= number of nest sites with an egg, B= b est c number of sites with a fledged chick.
5. hickof n
5. hickof n
rodu
site
rodu
site
erfo Prod chi
erfo Prod chi
manuctivk, an
manuctivk, an
e ofty= Cd C=
e ofty= Cd C=er er s ws witith ah a
62
6
d,
3
AlTable 44. Reproductive performance of horned puffins at Chowiet Islan aska.ab Parameter 1976 2004 2005 2006 2007 Total eggs (A) No. eggs lost to: disappearance abandonment breakage Total chicks (B) No. chicks lost to: disappearance death No. chicks fledged (C=C1+C2) chicks fledged (C1) chicks still present (C2) Hatching success (B/A) 0Fledging success (C/B) 0 Reproductive success (C/A)
48
1060
32
76
19*
*
0.60.5
0.4
12
704
12
74
101
.00
.08
.08
4
215
3
59
202
0.0.
0.
7
9
5
5
83 64
53
40
420
33
59
19118
.8
.5
.4
4
3
0.
4
832
2
89
153
12
.73
.47
34
3 8
8
00
0
7 9
0
10
0a Data were not collected in 1977-1997 and -b (*) = data collected/potentially collected but c
1999 not
200om
3. piled as of print date.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
8-May
18-May
28-May
7-Jun
17-Jun
27-Jun
7-Jul
17-Jul
27-Jul
6-Aug
16-Aug
26-Aug
5-Sep
15-Sep
No.
of i
ndiv
idua
ls
2007200620052002
64
Figure 16. Population counts of horned puffin wiet Island, Alaska.
s at Cho
65
200
-J
7
ul0
100200300400500600
-May
16 2 30-
n
20-J 11 18 25
-Jul
1-Aug
8-Aug
5-Aug
2-Aug
9-Aug
3-May May
6-Jun
13-Ju -Ju
n
27un
4-Jul -Ju
l
1 2 2
2006
0100200300400500600
-May
16 2 30-
n
20ul
11-
3-May May
6-Jun
13-Ju -Ju
n
27-Ju
n4-J
Jul
18-Ju
l
25-Ju
l
1-Aug
8-Aug
15-A
ug
22-A
ug
29-A
ug
2005
11-Ju
0100200300400500600
-May
16 23-
n
20-J 1 1-A
ug8-A
ug
15-A
ug-M
ay
30May
6-Jun
13-Ju -Ju
n
27un
4-Jul l
8-Jul
25-Ju
l
22-A
ug
29-A
ug
2002
16 23 30-
n
20-J 1 1-A
ug8-A
ug
15-A
ug
22-A
ug
29-A
ug
7a-1 horned p Figure 1
0100200300400500600
-May
-May
7d. Count
May6-J
un
s of
13-Ju -Ju
n
uffins at Ch
27un
4-Jul
et Island, Alaska. owi
11-Ju
l8-J
ul
25-Ju
l
66
pulation counts of horned puffins at Chowiet Island, Alaska, in 2007. Counts were made between 0730 and 0930.
Dates
Table 45. Po No. of Individual Table 45. C No. of Individual
23 May 26 May 27 May 28 May 30 May 1 Jun 2 Jun 3 Jun 5 Jun 6 Jun 8 Jun 9 Jun 12 Jun 13 Jun 14 Jun 22 Jun
s 9 150 165 280 215 156 187 211 104 222 285 238 223 209 184 245
ontinued.
Dates 30 Jun 6 Jul 11 Jul 19 Jul 31 Jul 10 Aug 17 Aug Maximum Date maximum counted
s 136 138 175 145 180 58 80 280 28 May
Table 46. Breeding chronology of tufted puffins at Chowiet Island, Alaska.cd Median No. of nests First Last First Last Year hatch SD na hatch monitoredb hatch hatch fledge fledge
Mean
1976 * 48 * * 9 Jul 14 Aug 4 Sep - 2005 4.9 27 16 Jul * 9 Jul 27 Jul 26 Aug > 2 Sep 2006 9.4 23 21 Jul * 15 Jul 24 Aug 30 Aug > 30 Aug 2007 8.27 14 29 Jul 33 23 Jul 24 Aug > 2 Sep >2 Sep
19 Jul17 Jul24 Jul31 Jul
a Sample size ed for the calculation of mean and median hatch dates. These dates are a sub-sample for which we have observations of egg to chick in ≤b Total used f stimating the remaining parameters. These dates may include observations > 7 days apart. c Data were n ollected in 1977-2004. d (-) = data n llected in that year; (*) = data collected/potentially collected but not compiled as of print date.
us 7 days.
or eot c
ot co
67
Table 47. Freque
68
stribution of hatch dates for tufted puffins at Chowiet Island, Alaska. ncy di Julia No. nests hatching on Julian dateab n Date 1976 2005 2006 2007 190 * 3 0 0 191 * 0 0 0
* 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 * 1 0 0 * 2 0 0 * 8 4 0 * 1 0 0 * 0 0 0 * 1 0 0 * 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 * 7 11 0 * 0 0 0 * 1 0 3 * 0 0 0 * 2 0 0 * 0 1 0 * 1 1 1 * 0 0 0 * 0 0 6 * 0 0 0 * 0 2 0 * 0 0 0 * 0 1 0 * 0 0 1 * 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 * 0 1 2 * 0 0 0 * 0 1 0 * 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236
* * * *
27 23 14 t re n cted in 1977-200
co o ially collected iled as of print date.
n = a Dab (*) = data
48
tenta we ot colle
llected/p4.
but not comp
re 1 Repro rf of tufted puffins at Chowiet Island, Alaska. Egg loss= (A-; C lo r = C/A, where A= number of nest sites with an egg, B= ber of nest sites wit h C= number of sites with a fledged chick.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
00%1
2005 2006 2007
Per
cent
of n
est s
ites
Egg LossChick LossProductivity
1976
FiguB)/Anum
8. hick
d= (
ucB-C
tive)/A
pe; P
h a c
ormoduick
act, a
nceivitynd
ss
69
7
, A
0
lasTable 48. Reproductive performance of tufted puffins at Chowiet Island ka.ab
r Paramete 1976 002 5 2006 2007 To s No l
dka
To No s
p
cks fledged (C=C1+C2) 9 26 16 3
cks fledged (C1) * 3 2 c 1 Ha ng s 6
g s
Re duct
33
353
22
910
.14
.09
2
7
0.
0
0
tal e. eg
di ab br
tal
. ch di de
No. chichichi
tchi
Fledgin
pro
gggs
sapanea
Chi
icksapath
(A)ost t
aronmge
s (
losear
still
ucc
ucc
ive
o: anen
B)
t toan
pr
es
es
su
cet
: ce
es
s (
s (
cce
2)
/A
38 ***
16
**
*
.4
.5
.2
41
4 0 5
32
1 5
23
.7
.81
.63
35
331
28
49
14
.8
.57
.4
t (C
A)
)
(C
pe
ck
ks
2
6
4
8
0
6
en
B/
C/B
ss
)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0a rb (* data
Data we) =
e no col
t clec
ollte
ecd/p
tedote
innt
19iall
77y c
-2oll
00ec
4. ted but not compiled as of print date.
Table 49. Total numbers ed on off-road point count number 362, Chowiet Island, Alaska. Surveys were conducted and 9 June 2007.a Numb rted below include detections ≤ 50m from observation point. Birds flying over the census areas are not included in this table. Complete d rchived with USGS Alaska Science in Anchorage, Alaska.
of birdsers repoata are a
detect on 5 June 2002
Species 2002 2007 Black oystercatcher 1 0 Parasitic jaeger 2 0 Parakeet auklet 1 0 Winter wren 4 3 American pipit 2 1 Savannah sparrow 11 11 Fox sparrow 5 5 Song sparrow 2 1 Golden-crowned sparrow 2 6 Lapland longspur 1 0 Snow bunting 1 0 Gray-crowned rosy-finch 8 1
a Data were not collected 2006.
in 2003-
71
Table 50. Numbers of birds detected on off-road point count route number 362, Chinclude individuals detected ≤ 50 meters from observation point. Birds flying over
owiet Island, Alaska, on 9 June 2007. The numbers reported the census areas are not included in this table.
Point n o.
10 11 Totala % of totalb c Species 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
12 % of points
Winter wren 0 0 0 2 0 0 3 10.7 American pipit 1 3.6
0 0 0 1 0 0 16.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8.3
w 0 3 0 0 1 2 1 2 2 0 0 0 11 50.0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 5 33.3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3.6 8.3
0 2 0 1 0 1 41.7 1 0 0 0 0 0 8.3
Savannah sparro 39.3 Fox sparrow 17.9 Song sparrow Golden-crowned sparrow 0 1 0 1 0 0 6 21.4 Gray-crowned rosy-finch 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3.6 a Total number of individuals det Re
ected on survey. al numbe ual birds of all ted b lative abundance of species; percent of tot r of individ species detec
72
Table 51. Numbers of birds detected on off-road point count route number 263, Chowiet Island, Alaska, on 9 June 2007. The numbers reported include individuals detected > 50 meters from observation point. Birds flying over the census areas are not included in this table. Point no.
10 11 12 Species 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Totala % of totalb % of pointsc
Bald eagle 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2.9 8.3 Black oystercatcher 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 8.6 8.3
1 0 0 0 0 0
Parasitic jaeger 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2.9 8.3 Common raven 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2.9 8.3 Winter wren 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 6 17.1 50.0
Savannah sparrow 1 0 0 2 1 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 8 22.9 41.7 Fox sparrow 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 5.7 16.7 Song sparrow 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 5.7 16.7
Golden-crowned sparrow 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 2 0 1 9 25.7 58.3 Lapland longspur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 5.7 8.3 a Total number of individuals detected onRelative abundance of species; percen
survey. t of total number of individual birds of all species detected on survey.
Percent of points at which species was detected. b
c
73
Table 52. Mean numbers of birds detected on transect surveys along South Bay Beach, Chowiet Island, Alaska.a
Species 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 Max Mean SD n 5 5 5 6 5
54 44
2.30 28
0 180.21
0 0.4 0 0.4 0.08 0.18
0.4 0.20 0.20 2.4 1.61 0.85
Fox sparrow 1.3 0.2 0.2 0 0.8 1.3 0.51 0.55 Song sparrow 2.5 4.0 5.8 5.2 2.8 5.8 4.06 1.44 Golden-crowned sparrow 0.2 0.4 0 1.6 0.8 1.6 0.59 0.64 Gray-crowned rosy-finch 0 0 0.4 1.2 0.8 1.2 0.48 0.52
First survey 2 Jun 6 Jun 7 Jun 3 Jun 1 Jun Last survey 17 Jun 12 Jun 15 Jun 15 Jun 14 Jun Harlequin duck 0 0 0 0 1.2 1.2 0.24 0.
.Bald eagle 0 0 0 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.28 0 Black oystercatcher 3.8 0 0 4.8 3.8 4.8 2.49 Wandering tattler 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.2 0.05 0.10
.Pigeon guillemot 0 0 0 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.20 0 4Common raven 0 0 0 0.4 0. 0.08 0.
Bank swallow 0.3 0 0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.23 1.3 0.6 3.2 2.6 2.0 3.2 1.95 1.02 Winter wren
Yellow warbler 0 0Wilson’s warbler 0 0.4 0.2 0.4 0Savannah sparrow 0.8 1.8 0.6 2.4 2.4
a Data were not collected in 1976-2001 or 2003.
74
Table 53. Numbers of birds detected on beach transect surveys along South Beach, Chowiet Island, Alaska, in 2007. Date
pecies 1 Jun 3 13 Jun 14 SD S Jun 9 Jun Jun Mean Harlequin duck 4 0 2 0 0 1.20 1.79 Bald eagle 1 1 1 1 1 1.00 0.00
Black oystercatcher 4 4 4 4 3 3.80 0.45Wandering tattler 0 1 0 0 0 0.20 0.45 Pigeon guillemot 2 0 1 0 0 0.60 0.89 Bank swallow 0 0 0 1 1 0.40 0.55
Winter wren 1 3 2 2 2 2.00 0.71Savannah sparrow 5 4 1 0 2 2.40 2.07
Fox sparrow 1 2 1 0 0 0.80 0.84Song sparrow 4 1 2 3 4 2.80 1.30
Golden-crowned sparrow 0 1 1 1 1 0.80 0.45hGray-crowned rosy-finc 1 2 0 1 0 0.80 0.84
75
14
12
10
0
2
4
6
Cel
sius 8
1 2 29 5 1 1 26 3- 10 1 2 31 7 1 2 285-21 M
2-28 M
-4
-11 Jun
2-18 J
9-25 J
-2 J
9 J - 7-23 J
4-30 J
-6
-13 Aug
4-20 A
1-27 A
-3
ay ay
n un
Ju u ul
16 J
Au
Seun l ul ul ul g ug ug p
SS
T (
)
2007200620052004
igure 19. Mean weekly sea surface temperatures at Chowiet Island, Alaska, 2004-2007. F
76
0
14
12
10
2
4
6
(Cel
s 8
s)iu
2007
TSS
21 May
26 May
31 May
5 June
10 June
15 June
20 June
25 June
30 June
5 July
10 July
15 July
20 July
25 July
30 July
4 Aug
9 Aug
14 Aug
19 Aug
24 Aug
29 Aug
Figure 20. Mean daily sea surface temperatures at Chowiet Island, Alaska, in 2007. Data loggers recorded temperatures every hour.
77
T
able 54. Weekly mean sea surface temperatures (°C) at Chowiet Island, Alaska. Composite of mean daily temperatures.abc
Date 1998 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 22-28 May * * 5.37 5.81 5.01 4.12 29-4 Jun * * 5.79 6.17 5.49 4.79 5-11 Jun * * 6.24 7.01 6.11 5.29 12-18 Jun * * 6.75 8.51 6.24 5.65 19-25 Jun * * 5.56 8.29 6.50 6.16 26-2 Jul * * 6.16 7.98 7.65 6.67 3-9 Jul * * 6.79 8.18 8.40 6.58 10-16 Jul * * 6.63 8.35 7.97 7.38 17-23 Jul * * 7.12 7.43 8.35 7.53 24-30 Jul * * 7.49 9.14 9.10 8.57 31-6 Aug * * 7.58 10.09 10.14 8.51 7-13 Aug * * 7.61 10.43 10.06 9.30 14-20 Aug * * 8.57 11.50 10.31 9.07 21-27 Aug * * 9.08 11.25 10.18 10.82 28-3 Sep * * 9.35 11.93 10.59 9.62 a Data were not collected in 1976-1997, 1999-2001, or 2003. b (*) = data collected/potentially collected but not compiled as of print date. c Data loggers are anchored in 20-30 feet of water in Chowiet Bay.
78
Annotated list
Rare. On 28 Ca
Rare. One in American wiRare. Two h
79
of birds observed at Chowiet Island, Alaska, 20 May – 3 September 2007. See Figure 2 for place names.
Abundance categories defined as follows:
Abundant: >50 individuals per day or 6 per hour Common: 10-49 individuals per day or 2-5 per hour Fairly common: 5-9 individuals per day or 1 per hour Uncommon: 2-4 individuals per day or <1 per hour Rare: 1 individual per day or once during season
Brant (Branta bernicla)
May, three individuals were spotted near Otter Point.
ckling goose (Branta hutchinsii) Uncommon. On 1 September, ~25 geese were viewed as they flew over the North Point. Five of the birds landed in the Cottongrass Meadows and were photographed. Gadwall (Anas strepera)
dividual was seen on 30 May in front of South Bay beach.
geon (Anas americana) ens were spotted amongst shovelers, grebes and kelp head 6 May.
Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) Rare. One drake was sighted on 5 and 8 June in Landing Cove. Northern shoveler (Anas acuta) Rare. Three individuals were seen in South Bay amongst kelp growth on 25 May. Greater scaup (Aythya marila) Rare. One adult was sighted during an early morning horned puffin/para klet count on 28 May in Landing Cove. Common eider (Somateria mollissima) Fairly common. Confirmed breeder. 2 pairs were seen in Landing cove area on 27 May. A pair was sighted together in Landing Cove on 30 May. Another pair was seen o t in front of camp on 11 June. On 21 June, a pair was seen out in front of the Constant Colony. On 16 June, a female was flushed from a small ledge (and nest) near Rough Cove. This nest (# tained 5 green eggs. GPS coordinates for the nest were as follows: N 56° 02.458 W 156 2. The nest was checked on 21 June and still contained 5 eggs. On 25 June, 3 hens and one drake were seen out in front of the Constant Colony. A visit to nest site #1 on 7 July reveale 4 membranes and one dead egg. Another nest was discovered on 7 July near the Constant Colony east of camp. The female flushed from the 4 egg nest and vocalized from the water whil bserver inspected the clutch. GPS coordinates for nest #2 were as follows: N 56° 0 .147 W 156° 43.607. On 12 July, nest #2 still contained 4 eggs. On 18 July, nest #2 contained 4 eggs and one incubating hen. 5 hens and one drake were seen in the immediate vicinity on the same date. On 30 July, nest #2 contained 4 membranes (previous check of 24 July; hatch midpoint of 27 July). On 13 August, a hen and two young of the year were seen in the eastern po of Chowiet Bay. On the same day a hen and two young of the year were seen in the near-shore environment of Eider Cove.
s on 2
keet au
u
1) con° 44.64
d
e the o2
rtion
Harle us) Com . were seen in the South Bay area flushing from small semi-subm d ommonly seen in South Bay and Chowiet Bay. Horned greRare o outh Bay on 26 May.
rth fun t. en on 8 June in the South Bay area. The c w rph parent on plot P03M01.
k d a furcata) . at least one adult was heard vocalizing on the shore of
t y ring late evening hours throughout the field s
- d urile) ly ne nest was discovered on 30 May (just outside plot B n genester population counts. Another nest was discovered oth nests were located using spotting scopes from pole 3.
2 n g incubating posture. At least one chick was n a contained 2 chicks and one adult, while nest o n The young of the year were “necking” with the attending lt h separate nesting area was discovered later on in the year 5 - nts) on 15 July. This area contained three different cliff s located between Puffin Point and GWGU sub colony C.
a ormly m sts wi maximum of 9 chicks were monitored i t and GWGU ny C. Red-faced cormorants out-b ting effort as well as population numbers.
d ) ly est of the year (#1) was discovered on a off South bay east of the South Slide. On 18 June, near Jabba Rock, 2 adults were
a re historica ve been located. A nest site was e lt in this area 1 was attended by an incubating adult 8 e. Nest con e never determined, but nesting a s and nest d calizations. On 1 September, 2 g ocated at N 56° 02.688 and W 156° 57 r Eider Cove). A fledgling was also spotted at an old nest site (sea stack) near the
th
go 9 June, a sm as discovered hidden on a ledge rl nus of Chow orthwest of Bunting Flats). Two ond with light splotching), about the horned puffin egg, were togr w ed for produ . On 11 July, the nest was visited to rmi wet and cold parents remained in the area, flying
r August, an l was seen on and above the north n
quinmonerge
. Tw
ern danhick
-tailemonh Baon.
face com01; June4 Ju in entai and3 red with
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80
Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) mmon. Confirmed breederFairly co . A nest (#1) was discovered on the south side of the island
etween Puffin Point and South Bay on 15 July. Parakeet auklet carcasses filled the nest site. pon discovery, the adult vocalized constantly 10 m above the 3 nestlings. On 26 July, only two
fledgling site while the other was perched 20 m away with an adult. O B02) scattering the inhabitants and leaving som r chicks on the plot. On 13 August, an adul Harbor Haulout vicinity. Upon approachi g slope and struggled to fly in the high wind st site #1.
andhill crane (Grus Canadensis) w over the south cliffs of Chowiet in the evening hours of 6 June. Fog
lizations were loud and clear.
matopus bachmani) t were restricted to wide h Bay. One nest was
chicks were found in a nest located on GWGU sub-he ed along
ove. This was the only sighting of a fledgling on the North side of
Rare. One adult was spotted and photographed in Landing , making the
ay shore on 26 July. One adult was seen on 21 August near the waterline ting in the Rough bay area took place on 24 August
ged gull (Larus glaucescens) bundant. Confirmed breeder. Nests were scattered about the island in sub-colonies. The area f nesting took place above South Beach and extending to the east approximately ½ mile.
bU
s could be located, with one still at the nestn 28 July, an adult flew onto a kittiwake plot (P03e nests vulnerable. The adult did not pursue eggs o
t produced constant vocalizations in the air above the inng the area, two juveniles flushed from the north fac
nes. On 21 August, two individuals vocalized above SRare. One individual fleprecluded visual observation, but the classic “dinosaur-esque” voca
n 3 July, a crane was seen and heard flying over the Terra Flora. O Semipalmated plover (Charadrius semipalmatus) Rare. One adult was seen in Landing Cove on 11 June. Black Oystercatcher (HaeCommon. Confirmed breeder. Nests were located in various locales, buobble beaches. The highest numbers of nests were discovered in Soutc
discovered in Spruce Cove on 14 June. Two colony B (six adults were seen in the vicinity). Two young chicks were also located at tncipience of GWGU sub-colony A on 14 July. Two adults and one fledgling were spottithe coastline of West Rough Cthe island in 2007. Spotted sandpiper (Actitis macularia) Cove on 12 June. The spotted breast, yellow bill and legs are clearly distinguishingittery bird stand out from the usual. j Wandering tattler (Tringa incana) Rare. On 25 May, two adults were spotted on the shores of South Beach. One individual was een along the South Bs
below GWGU subcolony B. The only sighalong the western portion of Rough Cove. Two adults were seen along the boulder shoreline of Eider Cove on 1 September. Least sandpiper (Calidris minutilla) Fairly common. On 3 June, an individual flushed from a tide pool on GWGU sub-colony B. On 8 July, one individual flushed up out of the vegetation while conducting nest surveys. On 20 July, one individual was seen on GWGU sub-colony B. On 26 July, the largest congregation of the species (8) was sighted on the gull colony. Rock sandpiper (Calidris ptilocnemis) Uncommon. Two individuals were sighted just above the waterline on the shore of South Beach on 3 July. On 21 August, 3 individuals were seen on the waterline below GWGU subcolony B. On 31 July, an individual was flushed away from GWGU subcolony plot A. On 26 July, 6 individuals were sighted at South Bay. One individual was seen along the West Rough Bay coastline on 24 August.
laucous-winGAo
81
Black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla)
en g vegetation from cliffs walls with tenacity and aggression. The first fledgling of the year
as seen on plot P03M02 on 23 August. This coincides with the monitored research nests, oint is 26 August.
arasitic jaeger (Stercorarius parasiticus) Six dark and one light morph were watched for awhile in the
ay
15,
trong storms never preceded any of the sightings, but murre fledging periods coincided ith these sightings.
ncient murrelet (Synthliboramphus antiquus) adult was heard in the middle of the night on 20
arakeet auklet (Aethia psittacula) ecies experienced very poor reproductive success in
re uth
. w subcolony was found between Puffin Point and the South Bay in
small south facing cove; it contained 18 burrows.
ommon raven (Corvus corax) ommon. One individual was responsible for flushing an entire plot of murres on 12 June. uckily none of the breeding birds had eggs.
Abundant. Confirmed breeder. Copulations were observed from pole 3 on 12 June. The first egg was seen on 19 June. On 26 June, and on several other occasions, adults (> 15) were setearinwwhere the first fledgling date midp PFairly common. Confirmed breeder. area of Bunting Flats on 18 June. A total of ten individuals were tallied during a hike to South Bon 1 September. Common murre (Uria aalge) Abundant. Confirmed breeder. Copulations were observed from pole 3 on 12 June. On 13, 17 and 19 August, an estimated 37, 150, 68 and 23 dead chicks were spotted in the same vicinity. Sw Thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia) Abundant. Confirmed breeder. The first egg was discovered on 12 June from pole 3. Pigeon guillemot (Cepphus columba) Fairly common. Confirmed breeder. On 9 August, one adult was seen carrying food to a nest. Birds were commonly seen during morning auklet/puffin index counts and inhabited areas including but not limited to: Rough Cove, Landing Cove, Constant Colony, South Bay, Spruce Cove and Eider Cove. AUncommon. Confirmed breeder. At least one July. Birds were heard on every rhinoceros auklet trapping occasion, but nest searching was never carried out due to time constraints. PAbundant. Confirmed breeder. This sp2007. Only 7 of 22 chicks successfully fledged in 2007 and mortalities were discovered during all stages of chick development. Rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata) Uncommon. Confirmed breeder. Burrow density monitoring and food collection captures wethe only research activities carried out this year. Food was collected in three locales (all at SoBay) on three separate nights. Trapping efforts took place from 15 July - 20 July. On 8 July, a large dead chick was found intact outside of a burrow near the beginning of GWGU subcolony AOn 15 August, a potentially nea Horned puffin (Fratercula corniculata) Abundant. Confirmed breeder. It is one of the most abundant crevice nesters on the island. Tufted puffin (Fratercula cirrhata) Abundant. Confirmed breeder. A pair was observed copulating in the water at Spruce Cove on 9June. CCL
82
Bank swallow (Riparia riparia) Common. Four individuals were seen flying up and down the area in front of the cabin on 11 June. Three individuals fed on insects in the air the following day. Winter wren (Troglodytes troglodytes) Common. Confirmed breeder. Four fledglings were seen on 1 July along the Landing Cove beach. On 22 June, an adult was seen carrying food to a nest area on the South Beach.
e bird was seen around Bunting Flats n the walk back from Spruce Cove on 18 June.
ark capped male was photographed while perched in the spruce tree near pruce Cove on 9 June. An adult male was sighted near pole 3 on 30 May. One individual was
wichensis) ommon. Confirmed breeder. A fledgling was seen during a fulmar count from pole 4 on 9 July.
ommon. Confirmed breeder. On 13 June, an adult sparrow was seen feeding a young fledgling
ted on the USGS point count as well.
s)
enax nivalis) are. Two adults were seen while walking over to Spruce Cove from camp on 14 June. This
n Stonehenge, Bunting Flats and Divine Desert.
Varied thrush (Catharus guttatus) Rare. On 9 June, one adult male was sighted between point 8 and 9 during the 2007 USGS off-road point count. The vocalization was a low buzz carried for a long duration. The rusty brown breast and eyebrow were clearly seen. American pipit (Anthus rubescens) Rare. One adult was spotted at pole 9 on 28 August. Ono Yellow warbler (Dendroica petechia) Uncommon. On August 11, one individual was perching around the cabin area. One adult wasamongst several other passerines in the Spruce tree at Spruce Cove on 18 June. One individual was spotted in the cabin area on 25 June. Wilson’s warbler (Wilsonia pusilla) Uncommon. One dSspotted in the cabin area on 25 June. Savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandC Fox sparrow (Passerella iliaca) Common. Confirmed breeder. On 26 June, an adult was seen carrying food to a nest in the camp vicinity. Song sparrow (Melospiza melodia)Cat South Beach. Golden-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia atricapilla) Common. Confirmed breeder. Common voice and face around the cabin, especially in the morning period. A common passerine detec Lapland longspur (Calcarius lapponicuRare. Two adults were flushed during the off road point count on 9 June. The birds were seen from a distance > 50 m from point #11. The birds were never seen at lower elevations or outsidethe mixed shrub tundra (crowberry dominated). Snow bunting (PlectrophRspecies was rarely seen in locales other tha
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Gray-crowned rosy-finch (Leucosticte tephrocotis) in
ximately ½ mile off the south ledgenester liffs. On 7 August, >2 individuals were spotted spouting blows a mile off the south side of the
onfirmed breeder. On 13 August, a total of 21 individuals (includes older pups nd adults) were tallied during a hike from camp to Eider Cove. The majority of the animals were
out.
tained 312 adults and 102 pups. In the immediate area of Steller’s Cove, an dditional 31 adults and 9 pups were seen on the same day. On 5 August, 39 individuals were
Rock. Toward the end of July, salmon were commonly f salmon
ere seen in the shallows of Landing Cove. Both harbor seals and sea lions were actively ut further (>20m) in the kelp forests.
ither whale was an adult male, but age and sex could not be determined
om the distance.
in ft to float on its back while the parent vigorously
repared dinner from the bottom of the nearshore environment. The pup was able to swim on its ity or coordination required to swim on its back. One adult
ly,
eds in South Bay. On 24 August and 2 September, a family eeting (4 adults and two pups) took place near Rough Bay. Researchers believe a minimum
around the island.
bundant. Fish were caught off rock ledges in 6-9 m of water using metal spoons in silver and
ock prickleback (Xiphister mucosus) nd washed ashore on 23 August in Landing Cove. The adult
ater for 17-23 hours if kept moist (Evans and Martin 1999). The caudal fin was damaged, ut the head (along with minute pectoral fins) and body were intact. The fish more resembles an
nd lack of large fins. The dentition on the specimen is
Common. Confirmed breeder. The first fledgling of the year was seen near the auklet and puffraft count pole on 24 July. Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) Common. On 28 July, 4 individuals were seen approcisland. Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) Fairly common. Cahauled out in the Harbor Haul Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) Abundant. Confirmed breeder. A young bull was seen near Landing Cove on 20 May. On 18 June, Jabba rock conacounted on an offshore rock called Frog seen in the mouths of sea lions along the north coastline. On 2 September, a small run owpursuing the salmon in the cove and o Orca (Orcinus orca) Rare. Two individuals were seen swimming towards the island ¼ mile offshore near the SouthSlide on 15 August. Nefr Sea otter (Enhydra lutris) Fairly common. Confirmed breeder. One adult was seen feeding and tending to a young pup Spruce Cove on 14 June. The pup was lepbelly, but did not display the capabilwas seen swimming towards Constant colony with a pup on its stomach on 18 July. On 26 Juone adult and a pup were seen off GWGU subcolony C. On 15 August, a large pup and adult were feeding amongst the kelp bmpopulation of 3 young were produced in 2007 Arctic ground squirrel (Spermophilus parryii) Common. Confirmed breeder. Squirrels were seen entering puffin/auklet chambers as well as our canvas wall tent. Dusky rockfish (Sebastes cilatus) Agold colors. RRare. One dead individual was fouwas 39.5 cm in total length. This prickleback species is actually able to breathe air and can stay out of wbeel because of its slender body asomewhat impressive for such a small fish.
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