biological mediation of invasive plant impacts in ecosystems duane a. peltzer landcare research...
TRANSCRIPT
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Biological mediation of invasive plant impacts in ecosystems
Duane A. PeltzerLandcare Research
Lincoln, New Zealand
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1.NZ weeds and ecosystem processes
2.What are weed impacts?
3.Field removal experiments
What is covered in this talk?
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NZ Background
• > half of NZ’s flora is naturalised non-native plants; many are weeds
• Weeds are widely thought to reduce biodiversity and alter ecosystem processes
• >340 weed species are currently managed
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IMPACT = DISTRIBUTION x ABUNDANCE x
EFFECT
Predicting weed impact
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Least well understood, include:• Gene-flow• Biogeochemical changes (C, N, P)• Disturbance regime• Ecosystem engineers• Interaction modification
Weed effects
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Understanding what controls the ecosystem-level impacts of exotic species as a basis for management
Invasion Ecology
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root feeding fauna
mycorrhiza
pathogens
direct pathway to plants indirect pathway to plants
detritus foodweb
a
c1c2
b1b2
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After Cote et al. 2005 ARES
Modest effects
Reversible threshold effects
Non-reversible threshold(different stable states)
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Kowhai River, Kaikoura, NZ
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Dominant exotic
Buddleja davidiiCoriaria arborea
Dominant native
~97% of total plant biomass
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~15 species<0.1% of biomass
~25 species~3% of biomass
Other exotics Other natives
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Peltzer et al. 2009 Oikos 118: 1001
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+C+B+N +C+B-N +C-B+N -C+B+N -C+B-N -C-B+N
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+C+B+N +C+B-N +C-B+N -C+B+N -C+B-N -C-B+N
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Dickie et al. 2010 New Phytologist
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Nematode community shifts
Dehlin et al. 2008
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Preferred Not selected Avoided
Forsyth et al. 2002, Richardson et al. unpublished
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Kurokawa, Peltzer, Wardle 2010 Functional Ecology
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Kurokawa, Peltzer, Wardle 2010 Functional Ecology
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PossumsRats
Vegetation/fruit
Inverts?
Birds
Control
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Key points
• Small species matter!
• Weeds have biological legacies + change ecosystem processes (effects)
• Containment or early control is best
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Peltzer et al. 2010 GCB 16:732.
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