biological macromolecules they’re organic!!! what’s an organic molecule?? compounds made up of...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Biological Macromolecul
es
![Page 2: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
They’re Organic!!!
![Page 3: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons
Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once living (YOU are Organic!)
(Not CO2. It’s a gas!!!!!)
![Page 4: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
There are four classes of biological macromolecules we
will be looking at: Proteins
LipidsCarbohydrates
Nucleic acids (This will be last)
First – Let’s Concentrate on these three!
![Page 5: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
A very, very large molecule!!
![Page 7: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
BiologicalMacromolecule
All biological macro-molecule are organic, meaning they all
contain hydrocarbons…Carbon atoms (with attached
Hydrogens!) Other elements may include Oxygen, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus and Sulfur
![Page 8: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Macromolecules We’re
looking at
![Page 9: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
“Mono” means one
SO… a polymer is made up of many
monomers!!
![Page 12: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Polymer Polymer AnalogiesAnalogies
EXAMPLE of POLYMER
MONOMER
Ladder ?
String of Pearls Necklace ?
![Page 13: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
AnswersAnswers
EXAMPLE of POLYMER
MONOMER
Ladder Each Rung
Necklace Each Pearl
![Page 14: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Can you think of a polymer??
What monomers make it up??
![Page 15: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ALL four can be found in food!!
Think about it!!
![Page 16: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Look at the label to the left. 3 of the 4
macromolecules are labeled!!
1____________________
2____________________
3____________________
(0 grams in this product)
(13 grams in this product)
(9 grams in this product)
![Page 17: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
On to Our First Biomolecule!!
Carbohydrates!!
![Page 18: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
![Page 19: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATESThey are the main source of energy for the body !
Simple sugars Monosaccharide
Glucose, for example (Yes it IS a monomer!!), is the main product of photosynthesis!!
C6H12O6 Atoms: C, H, O
![Page 20: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES
Long-term storage for energyPolysaccharides made up of glucose
polymersBelow is a part of the polymer starch!!
![Page 21: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Starch Continued
Found in: Grains (wheat, rice, corn, oats, barley) Tubers such as potatoes are rich in starch.
![Page 22: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Cellulose** ALSO a glucose
polymer**Offers the plant
support
** Energy storage
** Makes up cell wall
** Food source for seeds and plant
bulbs
![Page 23: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Glycogen in Animals
**A branched polymer made up
of numerous glucose
monomers
**Long-term energy storage
found in the liver
** Quickly broken down into
glucose for immediate
energy
![Page 24: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Complex Carbs and Energy
Starches, Cellulose and Glycogen are broken down by proteins called enzymes (remember digestion in lysosomes!!??.....similar concept!)
Broken down into their monomers Glucose
Glucose is further broken down during cellular respiration in the mitochondria for energy About 36 ATP molecules of energy per each
glucose molecule!!!
![Page 25: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Lipids
Mostly C,H and some O
![Page 26: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
STORED ENERGY Broken down for energy
They INSULATE the body to help maintain normal body temperature and they
CUSHION the internal organs for protection.
Include waxes, Oils
include steroids such as cholesterol and the sex hormones estrogen and testosterone
Anabolic steroids build muscle
They waterproof surfaces of animals, plants, and fruits- these are waxes!
THINK: Waterproof, insulate, steroids, energy, cushion…
![Page 27: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Remember the cell membrane? PhosphoLIPID bilayer of the cell membrane? The fatty acid tails are lipids!
It’s semi-permeable, allowing only certain molecules to diffuse across the membrane to enter or exit the cell.
![Page 28: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
LIPIDS
![Page 29: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Fat Made up of fatty acid monomers – Glycerides that have a Glycerol Backbone
(Circled) and a Fatty Acid Tail(s)
Mostly C, H with some O
![Page 30: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
TriglyceridesGlycerol Group with 3 Fatty Acid
Chains
This is a triglyceride molecule
![Page 31: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
NOW ONTO PROTEINS
They are the major structural molecules in living things for growth and repair : muscles, ligaments, tendons, bones, hair, skin, nails…IN FACT ALL CELL MEMBRANES have protein in them
They make up antibodies in the immune system
They make up enzymes for helping chemical reactions
They makeup non-steriod hormones which
THINK: Proteins= membranes, enzymes, antibodies, non-steriod hormones, structural molecules, “MEANS”
![Page 32: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
ProteinsMade up of Mostly C, H, O
and N (Some Sulfur)
![Page 33: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Proteins
![Page 34: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Proteins
Aside from the protein Aside from the protein found in animal sources…found in animal sources…protein can also be found in protein can also be found in fruits, vegetables, grains, fruits, vegetables, grains, and nuts. and nuts. (it just does not have as many amino acids)(it just does not have as many amino acids)
![Page 35: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Hair, Skin, and Nails
![Page 36: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Microscope View ofSkin and Nails
This is skin This is a nail
![Page 37: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Made up of Amino Acid Monomers!!!
**Remember protein synthesis???? Transcription and translation?
**A peptide bond bonds amino acids together
**Creates a polypeptide
![Page 38: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
The shapes of Proteins Determines it’s Function
Amino Acids !!!
![Page 39: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Ribosomes are Proteins that are Involved in Creating Proteins!!
![Page 40: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Insulin Chemical signaler protein produced in the pancreas Causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take
up glucose from blood and convert it to glycogen that can be stored in the liver and muscles Diabetes is a condition when a person has high blood glucose
(blood sugar), either because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both.
![Page 41: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Hemoglobin A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen
![Page 42: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
**Antibodies are part of the immune system. **When something enters the body that isn’t supposed to be there, like certain bacteria, antibodies find the invader and stick themselves onto it. **White Blood cells destroy the invaders (hopefully)
![Page 43: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Enzymes Speed up the rate of a chemical reaction (a catalyst) by
lowering the energy needed to begin the reaction (Below) Re-usable Molecule specific – like a lock and key -Example: ONLY Lactase will break down lactose. It
will NEVER break down proteins
![Page 44: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Enzymes Lock and Key Model
Substrate
Products
![Page 45: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Enzymes Folded specific to its function…like a lock and key model!
Lactase breaks down
lactose sugar
Pepsin breaks down
proteins
Amylase breaks down amylose
![Page 46: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Active Site
Specific Enzyme
Starch
***** Remember That Enzymes are substrate-specific !!!!!
Simple useable sugars (product)
Protein
Lipid
Which substrate can be reduced by the enzyme??
![Page 47: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Enzymes are affected by:
![Page 48: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Rat
e o
f R
eact
ion
pH Affects Enzyme Reactivity
1 3 42 5 6 7 8 9pH scale
This enzyme functions in an environment that has a pH of about 4, which is acidic
![Page 49: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
The 4th type isNUCLEIC ACIDS
The types of Nucleic AcidsDNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid)
RNA (RiboNucleic Acid)
![Page 51: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
**Monomers are called Nucleotides
![Page 52: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
“DNA” is short for Deoxyribonucleic Acid **Your genetic makeup!!
![Page 53: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
“DNA” is short for Ribonucleic Acid **Works with DNA to create proteins
![Page 55: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
RNA DNA Single-
Stranded Nitrogen
bases Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), Uracil (U)
Remember NO Thymine (T)
Ribose sugar
Double-Stranded double helix
Nitrogen bases Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), Thymine (T)
Remember NO Uracil (U)
Deoxy-ribose sugar
![Page 57: Biological Macromolecules They’re Organic!!! What’s an organic molecule?? Compounds made up of hydrocarbons Carbon and Hydrogen atoms!! Living/once](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649e9e5503460f94ba0004/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Remember How DNA and RNA Molecules are Involved in Protein Synthesis?? Transcription and Translation?
*DNA
*mRNA
*At ribosome
*tRNA Brings in Amino Acids
*Amino Acids form the protein (a polypeptide)