biological hazard epidemics and its effects as...
TRANSCRIPT
joHd;aul Wmjykd.ekSu" jHdma;sh yd fN!;sl l%shdld;ajh
Biological Hazards/Biohazards
Sujani RathnasekaraSenior Lecturer II
Department of Geography
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Biohazard_symbol_(black_and_yellow).pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Biohazard_symbol_(black_and_yellow).pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Biohazard_symbol_(black_and_yellow).pnghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Biohazard_symbol_(black_and_yellow).png
Vector - frda. jdylhd
Pathogen - frda. ldrlhd
Host - Odrlhd
joHd;aul Wmj we;slrk frda. ldrlhska $ wka;rdhlr ffch jH
Bacteria nelahd
Viruses - ffjria
Rickettsiae - flIshd
Fungi ,Sr fyda mqia j.
Parasites - ms
joHd;aul Wmj ldrlhska j. 3ls
tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixOdkhg wkqj fuuldrlhska fldgia 3la f
Category A, UN 2814 ksiqkag n,mdk ldrlhska
Category A, UN 2900 i;=kag n,dmk ldrlhska
Category B, UN 3373 ksYaph fyda fidaisugf mj;sk ldrlhska
Regulated Medical Waste, UN 3291 jffjoHoHd;aul fyda mfhaIKd;aul Nd; wm%jH wd
joHd;aul Wmjhla hkq l=ulao@
frda. ldrlhska yd jdylhska iska we;slrkq,nk Yd, ksiqka ixLHdjlf.a fi!LHj, ula joHd;aul Wmjhla f
j oHd;aul Wmjhl m%;sM,hla jYfhkafi!LH wdmodjla we;s h yelsh
tk udkj fi!LH inkaO fya;=jla ksidwdmod ;;a;ajhla ksudKh uhs
j oHd;aul wdmod ishyels l%u .Kkdjls frda. fndau ksid ^uydjix.; iy jix.;
;;a;ajhka&
fndafkdjk frda. flfrys f.drejkakka ixLHdjjefuka
joHd;aul ldrlhl= Ndysr mirfhka lD;%sujwe;== lsfuka ^weka;%elaia&
Jemsan and Parkingson (1967) have mentioned thatfollowing one or more reasons will cause theexposure to epidemics.
frda.h we;slrjk ^Icfha& hdf.a wdidOln,h jeu'
^nelarshd"os,Sr"iamhsfrdlSg"rsflishd"fm%dgfidajd"fufgdfidajd&
ck.ykh ;=< frda.h uev meje;aug we;sn,fhys wvqu fyda frda.hg f.dreu jeu'
frda.hg fya;=ld jQ hdf.a ^Icfha& wdidOln,h fyda ck.ykh ;=< frda.h uev meje;afn,h fjkia lsug yelsjk mirfhys hfjkiaula we;su'
Wod (- foaY.=Kfhys h fjkiaula
tlai;a cd;Skaf.a frda. md,k yd ksjdrK uOHia:dkh^Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) u.ska joHd;aul wdmod j. 04la ykajd ;sf
Biohazard Level 1 - wju wdmod ;;a;ajhla we;s lrk nelahd
fyda ffjria frda. ;;a;aj
Biohazard Level 2 - ;rula wjOdk iy.; nelahd fyda
ffjria frda. ;;a;aj
Biohazard Level 3 udrdka;sl kuq;a ffjoH oHd;aulj
md,kh l< yels
Biohazard Level 4 - ffjoH oHd;aulj md,kh l< fkdyels
wksjdfhkau urKhg m;ajk frda. ;;a;aj
jiQrsh jix.;h f,dj m
15 jk ishji ;=< tk 1489 iamd{a{fhawe;sjQ fndafjk (Typhus) WK frda.h'
jix.; frda. b;sydifha m
uef,ahdj - b;sydifha uq,a jrg hqfrdamfha ydhqfrdamfha yd W;=re yd ol=Kq weuldf olakg,enqKq uef,ahdjg frdaudkq wrdcH iuholajd me;sreKq b;sydihla mj;S'
ly WK - f,dal b;sydifha lyWK jix.;wjia:d ms
1981 f,dal ugka me;srf.dia f.da,Sh ckixLHdfjka 25000 000 l m%udKhla urKhg m;alsug taia frda.hg yels ;sf'
idia (SARS - Serve Acute Respiatory syndrome)frda.h o uE; ld,Sk uyd jix.;hls' 2002 - 2003wjfha wdishdjg uq,skau n,mE idla frda.fhka775 fofkl= urKhg m;ah'
isld frda.h - 1947 W.kavdf isld jkdka;rm%foaYfha j`re fYaIhlska y`kd.;a isldffjrih 1960-1980 ldf,a wm%sld weuld wdishd*eismsla l,dm j, me;sr .sfhah'
Bfnda,d frda.h - 1976 wer jix.;hla jYfhkam%:ufhka jd:d jkafka 2014 uOHu wm%sldfjkdka;r m%foaYhlsks'
Health Disaster situation in the world
Disaster: Perspectives
Geological Hydro-meteorological Technological joHd;au
l Wmj
Other man-
made/ induced
disasters
Landslide Cyclone Industrial hazard jix.; Explosion
Tsunami Storm surge Air hazard Air raid
Earthquake Flood Maritime hazard Civil or internal
strife
Drought Urban Fire Animal attack
Forest fire Chemical accident Forest fire
Coastal erosion and sea level
rise
Radiological
emergency
Dam Breach
Tornados, lightening strikes
and severe thunder storms
Oil spills including
inland and marine
Physical &
Chemical induced
Injuries
Nuclear accident
General classification of disasters in Sri LankaAs per the Disaster Management Act No.13 of 2005
Major hazard prediction calendar in Sri Lanka
Diseases 2010 2011 2012
Acute Poliomyelitis / Acute Flaccid Paralysis81 84 74
Chicken pox 3412 4249 4440
Dengue Fever / Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever34105 28473 44456
Dysentery 5739 6788 4010
Encephalitis 213 165 207
Enteric Fever 1823 1683 1394
Human Rabies 49 42 36
Leptospirosis 4554 6689 2663
Measles 89 134 83
Meningitis 1563 899 853
Mumps 1287 3428 4304
Tetanus 24 26 14
Typhus Fever 1149 1189 1319
Viral Hepatitis 149 1527 2128
Whooping Cough 32 55 103
Tuberculosis 10235 9454 8720
Leishmaniasis 428 930 1216
Epidemic Situations in Sri Lanka 2010 - 2012
http://www.epid.gov.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=145&Itemid=446&lang=si
Y%S ,xldf fvx.= frda.h uq,skau jd:d jQfha1965 jk w;r m
Y%S ,xldf ia;%sla ugka jeu jix.; ;;a;ajhka jd:djk m%foaY
Endemic
Not Endemic
(Source - Annual Health Bulletin, Ministry of Health, Colombo, 2008)
http://www.dengue.health.gov.lk/index.php/updates
http://www.dengue.health.gov.lk/index.php/updates
Most affective Communicable Diseases in Colombo District
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Dengue Leptospirosis Leprosy TB
(Source Department of Provincial Director of Health, Maligawatta, Colombo)
Dengue Disaster
Year Number of Dengue Cases Number of Deaths
1989 203 20
1990 1350 54
1991 1048 31
1992 656 15
1993 750 3
1994 582 7
1995 440 11
1996 1298 34
1997 966 17
1998 421 8
1999 628 14
2000 5203 37
2001 5086 54
2002 8931 64
2003 4749 32
2004 15434 87
2005 5994 27
2006 11980 52
2007 7327 30
2008 6560 27
2009 35007 346
2010 34105 246
2011 28473 173
2012 44456 220
2013 31876
2014 47502
2015 29777
2016 34773
2017 10
,
163759
.
42.70%
.
29
.
Dengue Cases and Deaths in Sri Lanka
8931
15434
5994
11980
7327 6560
35007 34105
28473
44456
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Dengue Cases Deaths
(Source: Epidemiology Unit, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka)
Spatial distribution of Dengue Epidemic in Sri Lanka 2010
Spatial distribution of Dengue Epidemic in Sri Lanka - 2011
Spatial distribution of Dengue Epidemic in Sri Lanka 2012
Monthly Dengue Cases in Years 2010 to 2012
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
January February March April May June July August September October November December
2010 2011 2012
(Data Source: www.epid.gov.lk/web/index.php?option=com)
Weekly Dengue Cases in Years 2010 to 2011
Weekly Dengue Cases in Years 2011 to 2012
Weekly Dengue Cases in Years 2013 to 2014
Weekly Dengue Cases in Years 2014 to 2015
2004 - 2010 olajd fld
joHd;aul Wmj l
joHd;aul Wmj l
l
frda.h me;sug fmr md,kh lsu ^tkak;al%shdj,sh&
frda.hla we;sug iy jHdma;shg fya;=ldrljQ lreKq oHdkql+,j wOHhkh lsu iyfrda. je,elaug l%shdud. .ekSu
frda. mir ;;a;ajhka ms
joHd;aul wdmod l
ure jdyl md,k l%u
integrated mosquito management (IMM)
integrated vector management (IVM)
urejkaf.a joHd;aul l%shdj,sh$j pl%hksjerj wOHhkh lsu
urejkaf.a jdyl iajNdjh wOHhkh lsu
urejkaf.a fndajk ia:dk kdY lsuhttps://www.cdc.gov/zika/pdfs/Adulticide-FactSheet.pdf
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/pdfs/TruckMounted-FactSheet.pdf
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/pdfs/AerialSpraying-FactSheet.pdf
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/pdfs/Adulticide-FactSheet.pdfhttps://www.cdc.gov/zika/pdfs/TruckMounted-FactSheet.pdfhttps://www.cdc.gov/zika/pdfs/AerialSpraying-FactSheet.pdf
Odrlhska kqj;a lsu" wdrCId lsrSu fi!LH /ljrKh ie,iSujdylhska yd Odrlhska uqK.eiSu md,kh lsrSuldrlhskaf.a jHdma;sh yd jOkh md,kh
1958 uef,ahd iuQ,>d;k jHdmdrh wdrNlrk ,' j;udkfha cx.u uef,ahd idhk meje;au" wjodk iys;
m%foaYj,g ure oe,a" ure kdYl hr yd Wmfoia ,nd u" lSg oHdiCIK yryd o;a; ,nd.k frda. jdyl urejka m,jd yeu wdjevigyka ls%hd;aul f'
mefmd, jix.;h -frda.hg ksrdjrKh fuka k 03 la we;=,; jefi,a,d fidaiag ^Varicella Zoster& m%;sfoaY tkak;a lsf jHdmdrh
CIh frda.h - B.C.G. (Bacillus Calmatte & Goerin) k m%;sYla;slrKtkak;a ,ndu'
fmda,sfhda frda.h - 1963 isg uQL fmda,sfhda tkak;a ,ndu 1988 jif isgf,dal fi!LH ixOdkfha zzfmda,sfhda ;=rka lsf Yaj fi!LHhjevigykg Y%S ,xldj inkaO u fmda,sfhda frda.h Y%S ,xldfjka ;=rkalsf cd;sl jHdmdrh ls%hd;aul u' ta hgf;a bkahdf ixpdrh lrk Y%S,dxlslhskag m%;sYla;slrK tkak;a ,ndu" irKd.; l|jqre iy wj;eka jqckhd isk m%foaYj, wjq 15g wvq orejka i|yd fmda,sfhda ud;%d ,nd u"fmda,sfhda ffjrih ;jrg;a mirfhys we;ehs iel lrk ia;s%laj,ksfjia i|yd Mopping - up fmda,sfhda tkak;a jevigyk ls%hd;aul lsuwdf'
msg.eiau iy .,mg,h - YS% ,xld cd;slm%;sYla;slrK jevms
2005 oS cd;sl fvx.= uOk tallhla we;s lsrSu"
ta hgf;a 2005-2009 jI i|yd cd;sl fvx.= uOk jHdmD;shlaweru
tfiau 2007 wxl 11 ork urejka fndau je,elaf mk; we;slsrSu"
cd;sl fvx.= uOk jHdmdrh
ta hgf;a cd;sl fvx.= uOk i;s l%shd;aul lsu' .eiSfjHdmdr ''whs (BIT) nelahdj Y%S ,xldjg ykajdu"
Y%s ,xld ldl ;dCIK wdh;kfha fcHIaG mfhaIK ks,Odwdpdh rdld iurfialr uy;ahf.a uQ,sl;ajfhkahq;= lKavdhulaneis,ia ;=rksfhkaisia ^Bacillus Thuriengiensis& k jQ foaYShnelahdjla ykd.ekSu' j oHd;aul ure md,k l%u ykajd u wd fvx.= uOkh ms
Y%S ,xld wdmod l