biol 101 chp 53: population ecology
DESCRIPTION
This is a lecture presentation for my BIOL 101 General Biology I students on Chapter 53: Population Ecology. (Campbell Biology, 10th Ed. by Reece et al). Rob Swatski, Associate Professor of Biology, Harrisburg Area Community College - York Campus, York, PA. Email: [email protected] Please visit my website for more anatomy and biology learning resources: http://robswatski.virb.com/TRANSCRIPT
Population Ecology
BIOL 101: General Biology I
Chapter 53
Rob SwatskiAssistant Professor of Biology
HACC - York 1
2
Population Dynamics
Population Density
Dispersion
Emigration
Immigration
3
Population Size
Estimations
Extrapolation(indirect)
Index of population size (direct)
Mark-and-recapture
4
BirthsDeaths
Immigration Emigration5
6
Dispersion
Clumped
Uniform
Random
7
Clumped Dispersion
Why?
8
Uniform Dispersion
Why?
9
Random Dispersion
Why?
10
Type of Dispersion?
11
Type of Dispersion?
12
Type of Dispersion?
13
Demographics
Demography
Birth & Death rates
Life table
Cohort
14
Life Table
15
16
Age (years)
20 4 86
10
101
1,000
100
Nu
mb
er
of
surv
ivo
rs (
log
sca
le)
Males
Females
= constant death rate17
Survivorship Curve
1,000
100
10
10 50 100
II
III
Percentage of Maximum Lifespan
Nu
mb
er
of
Surv
ivo
rs (
log
sca
le)
I
18
19
Life History
Age at maturity
Reproductive rate
# of offspring per repro
cycle
20
Evolution & Life History Diversity
Semelparity
Big-bang reproduction
Species reproduce once & die
Iteroparity
Repeated reproduction
Species reproduce
many times
21
22
What kinds of environments favor these two types of
reproduction?
MaleFemale
100
RESULTS
80
60
40
20
0Reduced
brood size (3-4 chicks)
Normalbrood size(5-6 chicks)
Enlargedbrood size (7-8 chicks)
Par
en
ts s
urv
ivin
g th
e f
ollo
win
g w
inte
r (%
)
Kestrel
23
Dandelion
Coconut palm24
Idealized environment
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
01920 1940 1960 1980
Year
Ele
ph
ant
Po
pu
lati
on
1900
25
Exponential Population Growth
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
00 5 10 15
Number of Generations
Po
pu
lati
on
Siz
e (
N)
Exponentialgrowth
K = 1,500
Logistic growth
S-curve
Carrying capacity
J-curve
26
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
0 5 10 15
Nu
mb
er
of
Pa
ram
eciu
m/m
L
Time (days)
27
A ParameciumPopulation in the Lab
Nu
mb
er
of
Da
ph
nia
/50
mL
0
30
60
90
180
150
120
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Time (days)
overshoot
28A Daphnia Population in the Lab
29
Types of Selection
r-selection
density-independent
K-selection
density-dependent
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
BR and DR do not change with population density
Density-Independent Populations
40
41
42
Density-Dependent Populations
As population density
increases…
BR decreases
DR increases
43
Density-Dependent
Factors
Crowding
Disease
Competition
Territoriality
Predation
44
Gannets
45
Year
2,100
1,900
1,700
1,500
1,300
1,100
900
700
500
01955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005
Nu
mb
er
of
She
ep
46Population Dynamics
Wolves Moose
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500 Nu
mb
er
of
Mo
ose
0
Nu
mb
er
of
Wo
lve
s
50
40
30
20
10
01955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005
Year
47
48
Snowshoe Hare & Lynx
Snowshoe hare
Lynx
Nu
mb
er
of
Lyn
x(t
ho
usa
nd
s)
Nu
mb
er
of
Har
es
(th
ou
san
ds)
160
120
80
40
01850 1875 1900 1925
Year
9
3
0
6
49
Boom-and-Bust Cycles
50
Creditsby Rob Swatski, 2010
http://robswatskibiology.wetpaint.com
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