bioinformatics
DESCRIPTION
A description of how technology has changed the face of Biology, specially in the fields of genetics, proteomics, and evolution. It includes a brief history, examples of usage, and a look into the future.TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
BioInformaticsby Nuno Barreto
SHiFT08
![Page 2: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What this presentation is
• A general description of what bioinformatics is
• A voyage in most aspects involved
• A view of the technologies used
• A view of the future
![Page 3: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What this presentation is not
• An exhaustive explanation of what Bioinformatics is
![Page 4: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Bioinformatics?
![Page 5: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Bioinformatics=
Molecular Biology + IT
![Page 6: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
So, that excludes other interesting applications of IT in
the Biology related fields
![Page 7: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The democratization of Biological Information
![Page 8: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Geographic information systems
![Page 9: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
So...
What is Bioinformatics?
What is it used for?
Why has it changed the face of Biology?
![Page 10: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
It’s all about DNA
![Page 11: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• DNA is a nucleic acid that contains a “blueprint”
• This “blueprint” is used to construct every part of the organism, it is all Nature needs to reproduce an organism and keep it functioning correctly
![Page 12: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
image from Wikipedia
![Page 13: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
How is it captured?
![Page 14: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Photo from http://www.flickr.com/photos/gravitywave/7715395/
![Page 15: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Image from http://www.dna11.com
![Page 16: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
images from Wikipedia
![Page 17: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
image from Wikipedia
![Page 18: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Made at http://www.baekdal.com/web2dna
![Page 19: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
In fact, it’s all about String Manipulation
image from Wikipedia
![Page 20: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
image from Wikipedia
Alignment of 27 avian influenza hemagglutinin protein sequences
![Page 21: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Genomes
![Page 22: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Genomes are the complete set of chromosomes of organism, which contain its full DNA
• It includes genes
• Delimitations
• And also “junk DNA”
![Page 23: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• “a gene is a portion of an organism's DNA which contains both "coding" sequences that determine what the gene does, and "non-coding" sequences that determine when the gene is active” (from Wikipedia)
Genes
![Page 24: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
image from Wikipedia
![Page 25: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Human Genome
• 23 chromosome pairs
• 3.2 billion DNA base pairs
• 20 500 genes
image from Wikipedia
![Page 26: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Chicken Genome
• 1 billion DNA base pairs
• 20-23 000 genes
Photo from http://www.flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/31562846/
![Page 27: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Amoeba dubia Genome
• 670 billion DNA base pairs
photo from www.behav.org/GENE/org/org_040_C.htm
![Page 28: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Only 79 eukaryotic genomes
Only ~400 prokaryotic genomes
Only 27 archaeal genomes
![Page 29: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Still a lot of genomes to be sequenced,considering the 1.8 million classified species,
and the possibility of existing 10 to 100 million unknown.
![Page 30: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Proteomics
![Page 31: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
• It’s all about discovering the sets of proteins of an organism, knowing it’s function
![Page 32: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Protein Folding
![Page 33: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
• RNA is the blueprint of Proteins
• Proteins structure is very important for it’s functioning
• Therefore, it is crucial to know its shape in order to know its function
![Page 34: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Protein Folding
image from Wikipedia
![Page 35: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Hemoglobin
image from Wikipedia
![Page 37: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Tree of Life
![Page 38: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
All info available through websites
![Page 44: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/clustalw2/index.html
![Page 48: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
What can we do with all this information?
![Page 51: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Better understand all organisms
![Page 52: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Most importantly,we can understand our bodies better
![Page 53: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
It is a great advancement in
medicine
![Page 54: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
• Helps in disease diagnosis and prevention
• Helps understand our response to treatments, creating the possibility of customized ones
• Identification of drug targets
• Gene Therapy
![Page 55: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Future
![Page 56: Bioinformatics](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020217/555e96dad8b42a6d068b4c0a/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
• More advances in specific treatment
• A better comprehension of our bodies
• A better comprehension of the relationships between organisms
• Who knows? :)