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Biogeochemical Cycles CH 2.3 p 102105

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Page 1: Biogeochemical+Cycles+ CH2.3+ p102105+ · 2019-10-29 · The+Nitrogen+Cycle+! Nitrogen+is+needed+by+all+living+things+to+build proteins+ Nitrogen+is+found+in+its+gas+form+in+the+air+around+us+-

Biogeochemical  Cycles  CH  2.3  

p  102-­‐105  

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Big  Ques:on  

How  does  water,  carbon,  and  nitrogen  cycle  between  abio:c  resources  and  organic  maBer  in  ecosystems?  

“Organic  Ma+er”  =  what  the  LIVING  parts  of  an  ecosystem  are  made  of    What  is  another  word  for  living  factors?    -­‐  Bio:c  

What  does  ABIOTIC  mean?    -­‐  non-­‐living    What  is  an  example  of  an  abio:c  factor?    

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What  is  maBer?  l  MATTER:  Anything  that  takes  up  space  &  has  mass  

l  ALL  things,  living  or  non-­‐living,  are  made  of  MATTER  

l  All  living  things  also  need  to  eat  or  absorb  maBer,  called  NUTRIENTS,  to  live!  

l  NUTRIENT:  any  chemical  substance  that  an  organism  needs  to  perform  life  processes  l  Examples:  carbohydrates,  proteins,  fats,  vitamins,  water,  

minerals,  oxygen,  etc.  

l  All  of  these  things  are  made  of  MATTER  

l  What  is  an  example  of  a  life  process?  

 

 

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Biogeochemical  Cycles  •  All  maBer  on  earth  is  cycled  through:  –  living  things  (Bio)  – The  earth’s  geological  processes  (geo)  – Chemical  processes  (chemical)  

•  Why  a  “cycle?”  –   because  maBer  is  transferred  in  con:nuous,  never-­‐ending  processes  from  the  earth  to  one  organism  to  the  next,  there’s  no  END!  

 

 

   

 

THE  CIRCLE  OF  LIFE!  

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 Example:  

-  Grass  (producer)  gets  nutrients  from  the  air,  soil,  and  water  -  Cow  (1°  consumer)  eats  the  grass:    

→  Nutrients  are  passed  into  the  cow  -  Human  (2°  consumer)  eats  the  cow:    

→  Nutrients  are  passed  into  the  human  -  When  the  “top”  consumer  dies,  decomposers  return  the  nutrients  to  the  soil  

EARTH  

GRASS  

COW  

HUMAN  

DECOMPOSERS  

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The  WATER  CYCLE  

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Evapora:on  and  Transpira:on  EVAPORATION    -­‐Water  rises  into  the  atmosphere  as  water  vapor  (gas)  

 -­‐Water  is  constantly  evapora:ng  from  soil,  organisms,  and  bodies  of  water  (lakes,  rivers,  ocean,  etc.)  

   

 

TRANSPIRATION  When  water  evaporates  from  the  surface  of  plant  leaves.    

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Condensa:on  -  Evaporated  water  vapor  condenses  into  clouds  

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PRECIPITATION    

When  Water  is  transferred  to  Earth's  surface  

 -  Falls  from  clouds  as  rain,  hail,  snow,  etc.  

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Percola:on  Water  “percolates”  (soaks  into)  the  ground  and  is  stored  as  groundwater    

 

   

 

 

 Groundwater  and  runoff  from  land  surfaces  flow  into  rivers/streams/lakes/oceans,  where  it  evaporates  and  con:nues  the  cycle!  

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Processing  the  Water  Cycle:  Much  of  the  Earth’s  surface  in  the  United  States  that  was  previously  a  natural  ecosystem  has  been  paved  over  for  roads,  housing,  etc.  Which  part  of  the  Water  Cycle  would  be  most  effected  by  this  development?    A.  Precipita:on    B.  Evapora:on    C.  Percola:on    D.  Condensa:on  

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Processing  the  Water  Cycle:  Scien:sts  have  gathered  data  from  our  Earth’s  core  and  atmosphere  that  prove  our  planet’s  temperature  is  quickly  rising,  called  “global  warming.”  Which  of  the  following  parts  of  the  Water  Cycle  would  increase  most  during  a  period  of  global  warming?    A.  Precipita:on    B.  Evapora:on    C.  Percola:on    D.  Condensa:on  

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The  Carbon  Cycle  •  All  living  things  are  made  of  molecules  that  contain  Carbon  – Organic  =  living  =  contains  carbon!    •  Organic  Molecules,  Organic  MaBer…    

•  Carbon  is  “the  element  of  life!”  

 

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The  Carbon  Cycle  

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The  Carbon  Cycle  •  Carbon  is  found  in  the  atmosphere  as  CO2.  •  Plants  take  CO2  in  from  the  air,  and  in  the  process  of  photosynthesis,  make  carbohydrate  sugars  that  are  stored  in  the  plant  

•  Animals  eat  the  plants,  and  also  store  Carbon  in  their  bodies  

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•  Animals  also  breathe  out  CO2  back  to  the  atmosphere  as  part  of  respira:on  

•  When  any  living  thing  dies,  decomposers  return  some  Carbon  to  the  air  as  CO2,  but  the  rest  of  the  Carbon  gets  put  into  the  soil  or  water  

DEAD  

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-­‐  The  Carbon  compounds  in  decaying  organisms  deep  underground  or  underwater  are  eventually  turned  into  coal,  oil,  or  gas      -­‐  called  “Fossil  Fuels”  

 -­‐  This  Carbon  is  re-­‐released  to  the  air  as  CO2  when    people  burn  fossil  fuels  

     

   

DEAD  

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The  Carbon  Cycle  

DEAD  

CO2  in  air  

Carbohydrates  in  plants  

Carbon  in  animals  

Decomposers  Break  down  decaying  animals  

Carbon  in  soil   Fossil  Fuels  

Burning  Fossil  Fuels  

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Processing  the  Carbon  Cycle  

Which  correctly  describes  the  rela:onship  between  plants,  animals,  and  carbon?  A.  Plants  increase  atmospheric  carbon,  Animals  decrease  it  B.  Plants  decrease  atmospheric  carbon,  Animals  increase  it  C.  Both  plants  and  animals  increase  atmospheric  carbon  D.  Both  plants  and  animals  decrease  atmospheric  carbon  

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Processing  the  Carbon  Cycle  

Which  of  the  following  is  a  result  of  too  much  deforesta:on?  A.  An  increase  in  atmospheric  carbon  B.  A  decrease  in  atmospheric  carbon  

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The  Nitrogen  Cycle  

l  Nitrogen  is  needed  by  all  living  things  to  build  proteins  

l  Nitrogen  is  found  in  its  gas  form  in  the  air  around  us  -  but  Plants  and  animals  can't  use  nitrogen  in  its  gas  form!  

l  NITROGEN  FIXATION:  process  where  Nitrogen  gas  is  converted  into  a  form  plants  can  use  -  This  process  is  done  by  certain  bacteria  that  live  in  the  water,  soil,  or  that  grow  on  the  roots  of  some  legume  (bean)  plants  

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l  Bacteria  capture  the  nitrogen  gas  from  the  atmosphere  and  make  it  usable  

l  Plants  then  absorb  the  usable  Nitrogen  from  the  soil  

l  Animals  eat  the  plants  –  and  Nitrogen  is  passed  along  through  the  food  chain  

 

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•  Nitrogen  is  returned  to  the  soil  when  – Animals  excrete  wastes  (pee  or  poop)  –  living  things  die  and  are  broken  down  by  decomposers  

•  Nitrogen  is  returned  to  the  air  by  denitrifying  bacteria  

•  DENITRIFICATION:  bacteria  in  the  soil  re-­‐convert  nitrogen  compounds  into  nitrogen  gas  

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Processing  the  Nitrogen  Cycle  

Which  organism  does  the  process  of  Nitrogen  Fixa:on?  A.  Animals  B.  Plants  C.  Bacteria  D.  Fungi  

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Processing  the  Nitrogen  Cycle  

Why  is  Nitrogen  Fixa:on  necessary?  -­‐  Even  though  Nitrogen  gas  is  in  the  air  all  around  us,  plants  and  animals  cannot  use  it  in  its  gaseous  form    

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