biogeochemical cycles students will be able to… draw and label the water, carbon, and nitrogen...
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Biogeochemical CyclesBiogeochemical Cycles
Students will be able to…Draw and label the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles and explain what happens in each part of the cycle.
Unit Objective
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Matter and Living ThingsAn Introduction to Environmental
Chemistry
Brainstorm:What do living
things require?
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TWANEtemperature
water
atmosphere
nutrients
energy
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A TerrariumA terrarium represents the components of an ecosystem
and illustrates the fundamentals of energy flow.
Lightenergy
Chemicalenergy
Energy flow
Chemicalelements
Heatenergy
Bacteria,protists,and fungi
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Ecosystems are supplied with a continual influx of energy from the sun
and Earth’s interior.
Is that enough?Is that enough?
Nope! So life on earth depends on the cycling of chemicals through the
ecosystem.
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The Major Earth Systems
Geosphere – land, rocks, earth(Note: The surface land is called the lithosphere)
Hydrosphere – water (oceans, lakes, rivers…)
Atmosphere - air (78% N2, 21% O2)
Biosphere – all living and decomposing organisms
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Cycling between them
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Biogeochemical cycles is the flow of elements and compounds between biotic (living) components and abiotic (nonliving) components.
* reservoirs (or sinks)
Biogeochemical Cycles
compartments that store matter
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WaterCycle
http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/watercycle/
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Terms• Evaporation – liquid to a gas from the surface of
a liquid• Condensation – gas collecting into clouds of
water vapor• Precipitation – rain, sleet, or snow • Transpiration – evaporation of water from leaves• ground water – water that has seeped
underground• Aquifer– water trapped and stored underground• Run off – water that follows the slope of land
down to rivers, lakes and oceans
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Interesting Facts about Water
• There is a constant amount of water on and in the earth.
• Only 3% of the water is “fresh” • 70% of fresh water is frozen in glaciers.
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We have energy and water – now what nutrients do we need?
Only about 24 elements!
Six of them are macronutrients.
The rest are micronutrients.Ex: Calcium, Magnesium
We need them in large quantities!
We need them in large quantities!
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What are the BIG SIX???
CHNOPS
hydrogen
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Elements that make up Life!!
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The Carbon CycleCARBON
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So what is carbon in the real world?
• Main ingredient in all organic molecules • Used by plants in photosynthesis • Used to compose carbon dioxide and all
macromolecules• Graphite or diamond!
Can you name all three? Think
back to Sports and Human
Performance!
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How do you think the levels of carbon stay in check in the
environment?
How do you think the levels of carbon stay in check in the
environment?
The return of CO2 to the atmosphere
by respiration closely balances its
removal by photosynthesis.
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
Respiration
Respiration
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Respiration
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The Carbon Cycle
Play the Carbon Cycle Game - http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/climate/carbon_cycle.html
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Continual movement of carbon atoms through organisms, oceans, atmosphere &
crust
The Carbon Cycle
Atmosphere
as CO2
Hydrosphere
as CO2
Biosphere
Geosphere
as proteins, sugars,
As limestone fossils & fossil fuel
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Where do we find the MOST carbon dioxide?
90% of Carbon Dioxide is stored in the ocean reservoir!
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What disrupts this balance?
What disrupts this balance?
The burning of fossil fuels!
Global Warming is a result of the excess CO2 in the atmosphere
http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/carboncycle/
Combustion Reaction:CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O
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Nitrogen – The Nitrogen Cycle
http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/nitrogencycle/
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Air (N2) Nitrifying Bacteria Plants Animals Decomposers
Denitrifying Bacteria Air (N2)
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Key Concepts
• Nitrogen in the soil (think fertilizer and manure) help plants grow.
• Plants get Nitrogen from the soil and excess nitrogen results in excess growth (to a point)
• Crop rotation keeps the nitrogen levels in the soil at healthy.
• Nitrogen is needed to make proteins – we get it by eating plants or eating animals that eat plants.
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Bacteria are the Stars!
• Bacteria take the nitrogen out of the air and put it in the soil
• Other bacteria take the nitrogen out of the soil and puts it in the air
• Without bacteria there would be no nitrogen cycle.
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What happens when humans disrupt the Nitrogen Cycle?
Algae blooms from fertilizer runoff into lakes and streams – These use up all the oxygen
Infertile land from using all the nitrogen up (this is why we have crop rotation)
Acid Rain from polluting gases
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Check for Understanding:Think, Pair, Share
What would happen if all the decomposers went on “strike” and stopped working?
Which cycles would it affect and how?
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Connection to
Space?These biogeochemical cycles is part of what
makes a planet habitable