biogas research network winter seminar 2010

8/3/2019 Biogas Research Network Winter Seminar 2010

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Universidad de Puerto Rico, Arecibo

Production of Biofuels

ys cs em s ry epar men

Biogas Generation from Manure in a non-stirredAnaerobic Batch Bioreactor

A presentation to theNetwork Winter 2010 Seminar

Energy and the Environmenty

Hirohito Torres Diaz, PhD, PE (Speaker)

Nicole Vega Amarilis Declet

Carlos Zayas Zairín Torres

William Pagán Edmarie Roble



principalmente de:

4 - .

Dióxido de carbono (CO2): 30-60 vol.%ros gases: - vo .

hidrógeno (H2): 0-1 vol.%

-

2 Contenido Energético del Biogás ~ 550 TO



v

To design an appropriate lab scale batch bioreactor

To monitor the evolution of methane gas To burn the produced gas

To conduct a feasibility study for Biomass to Energy for a dairy farm

of 100 or more animals

To incentivize undergraduate projects through the teaching onrenewable energy conversion technique, and establish

Microbiology and Physics & Chemistry departments

To bring the Puerto Rico Industrial Dairy Farm Association to

biomass energy conversion



INTRODUCTION(http://www.wtrg.com/prices.htm)



INTRODUCTION…cont.

Ref. http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/oog/info/gdu/gasdiesel.asp



BIOMASS BIOFUELS

SOLAR ENERGY (SOLAR CELLS)

EOLIC (WIND TURBINE) GEOTHERMAL

THERMAL GRADIENT

HYDRO PLANTS

TIDE ENERGY

WAVE ENERGY



CONVERSION OF MANURE TO ENERGY

-

MANURESCRAPPER

POWERGRID

SWITCHGEAR

INTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINE/GENERATOR METER

MANURE PITCOLLECTOR

SOLID-LIQUIDSEPARATOR

OXIDATION POND

PLUG-FLOW BIOREACTOR WITH FOR

FED AT 8 TO12 % TOTALSOLID

COLLECTION

COMPOSTING.SOLID SOLD AS

FERTILIZER CROPSPRAYING



Ref. Agricultural anaerobic digestion fundamentals for understanding, evaluating and applying, Colorado Gov.

Office of Energy, Management and Conservation



ANAEROBIC METABOLIC PROCESSe . p: www.age.psu.e u ex ens on ac s ee s g .p



(From EUCI Conference)



HOMEBUILT ENGINE/GENERATOR



GRID TIGHT (NET METERING)

POWER GENERATIONRef. Jiao, S, D. Paterson, and S. Camilleri “Boost Converter Design for 20 KW Wind Turbine Generator”NT Center for Energy Research, Northern Territory University



NET METERING STATUS IN PR

LAWS OF PUERTO RICO

; ; ; . .1212

Section 1.- Mandate.-The Electric Power Authority is hereby directed and authorized to establish a net

metering program allowing the interconnection to its electric transmission and distributionSection 2.- Eligibility.-

Have a eneratin ca acit of not more than twent -five kilowatts 25 kW forresidential customers and one megawatt (1 MW) for commercial …

be installed on the customer's premises;

The installation of the net meter shall be at the customer's expense and must be.

The Electric Power Authority will charge a minimum monthly service for the gridconnection

Daily maximum of three hundred kilowatt-hours (300 kWh) for residential customers

and ten megawatt-hours (10 MWh) for commercial customers. Any excess kilowatt-hour credit accumulated shall be compensated as follows:

Seventy-five percent (75%) of the excess shall be purchased by the Electric PowerAuthorit at the rate of ten 10 cents er kilowatt-hour and the remainin twent -fivepercent (25%) shall be granted to the Electric Power Authority to distribute as a creditor reduction in the electricity bills of public schools.



HEAT OF COMBUSTION OF

Fuel BTU/LB BTU/CUFT

Diesel (LIQUID) 19,300 ~972,000

Gasoline (LIQUID) 20,400 ~936,000

~, ,

Ethanol (LIQUID) 12,800 ~570,000

Coal (SOLID) ~10,000 ~750,000Woo (SOLID) ~6,500 ~233,000

Natural Gas ( 90 %

methane) (GAS)~23,000 ~1,030

Biogas (Methane + CarbonDioxide) (GAS)

N/A ~550

H dro en (GAS) 61,000 ~223



Fuel Equivalence(1 Gal)

Diesel (LIQUID) 0.96

Propane (LPG) 1.4

Ethanol (LIQUID)

1.6

1 gal of

Wood (SOLID) 4Natural Gas ( 90 % methane)GAS at STP

=

aso ne

Biogas (Methane + CarbonDioxide) (GAS at STP) 1702

Hydrogen (GAS at STP) ~4197



30-L BIOREACTOR DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION



-



eac or e erm na o



MANURE COLLECTION



REACTOR LOADING(Manure “AS-IS” was diluted with Distillated Water)



MANURE TO METHANE

ESSENTIAL TESTING

TOTAL SOLID VOLATILE SOLID

pH

REACTOR PRESSURE REACTOR TEMPERATURE ( 32 – 36 °C)

METHANE CONCENTRATION



Biogas Burning



Bio as Burnin



Prueba de la prescencia de

Metano



Corrida Típica en el

Cromatógrafo de Gases

200

Cat #: N931 6360Phase: Elite-Plot QDimensions: L 30m ID AirRT= 3.1 min

100

150 0.53Serial #: 893873

Temp. Range: 40 to 250⁰ Carrier Gas: 4.9 si

CO2RT=4.1 min

50

Flujo: 6.5 ml/min

Velocidad: 46.4 cm/secTemperatura del Inyector:

0

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5

Inyección: 5µL



EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

Biogas Pressure

40.00

45.00

50.00

Fresh Load 10

25.00

30.00

35.00

e s

s u r e P S I lbs 1:3 Dilution

15.00

20.00

R e a c t o r P

0.00

5.00

.

Days



EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS …

VOLUME OF BIOGAS PRODUCED

8.00

9.00

25 C & 1 ATM

6.00

7.00

G

A S C U F

3.00

4.00

.

U M E O F B I

Without Inoculum

With Inoculum

0.00

1.00

2.00

V O

0 10 20 30 40 50

DAYS



MANURE TOTAL SOLID (TS) & VOLATILE SOLID (VS)…

10018

UNDER MESOPHILIC ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

80

90

14

16

D

VS DEGRADATION = 23 %

50

60

8

10

12

T A

L S O L I

20

30

4

6 % T

TS DEGRADATION = 77 %

00

0 10 20 30 40 50



SUMMARY

SEVERAL BIOREACTORS WERE ASSEMBLED AND OPERATEDSUCCESSFULLY

PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS (LITER OF BIOGAS/LITER OFBIOREACTOR PER DAY) AT A SOLID CONCENTRATION OF 3 T0 5% ~ 0.1 TO 0.3

FOR FUTURE WORK,

IMPROVE THE BIOGAS PRODUCTION BY USING A PACKED-BEDBIOREACTOR

WORK AT A TOTAL SOLID CONCENTRATION OF LESS

THAN 1 %

IN ADDITION OF MANURE, STUDY THE USE OFOTHER BIODEGRADABLE FEED



FOOD FOR THOUGHT …Ref. Thomas Menke, Menke Consulting Inc.

biogas research network winter seminar 2010

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