Biogas Energy Potentialin Florida

Ann C. WilkieSoil and Water Science Department

University of Florida – IFAS

acwilkie@ufl.edu

Renewable Energy Workshop

Florida Public Service CommissionJanuary 19, 2007

Electrical and/or thermal energy

Biofertilizer

Organic wastes Anaerobic

digestion

Biogas

Solar energy

Animal husbandry

Crop harvesting

Industrial processing

Human consumption

Photosynthesis

H2OCO2

Biogas Cycle

Energycrops

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

The microbial degradation of organic

compounds, in the absence of oxygen,

to biogas – a mixture of:

• Methane (50 to 70%)

• CO2 (30 to 50%)

• trace amounts of H2, NH3, and H2S.

COMPLEXORGANICMATTER

SIMPLEORGANICS

ACETATEH2 / CO2

METHANE and CARBON DIOXIDE

LOW ODOR EFFLUENT

LIQUEFACTIONPHASE

GASIFICATIONPHASE

ACIDOGENS METHANOGENS

FEEDSTOCKS

• Animal manures

• Industrial wastewaters

• Municipal wastewaters

• Municipal solid wastes

• Energy crops / crop residues

BENEFITS OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

• Renewable energy

• BOD/COD reduction

• Odor reduction

• Pathogen reduction

• Nutrient conservation

• Greenhouse gas reduction

BIOGAS – A BIOENERGY VECTOR

• Direct Utilization (Heat / Steam)

• Conversion to Bioelectricity (CHP)

• Natural Gas Pipeline

• Vehicular fuel

• Fuel Cells

• Methanol

• Biodiesel

Biogas as fuel

Water heater at UF-IFAS Dairy powered by manure biogas

Natural Gas Bus - Brisbane

BIOGAS PLANT

CORETECHNOLOGY

FERMENTATION

DISTILLATION

BIOGAS

STILLAGE

ANAEROBICDIGESTION

ETHANOL

Biomass Energy Crop

WATER

SUNLIGHT

EnergyCrops

BiogasPlant

Biofertilizer

CO2

CO2 WATER

Methane

Green Grass to Green Gas

Biomass

or

Waste Source

Energy Production

Natural Gas Equivalent(billion cu ft)

Electricity Equivalent(Megawatts)

Municipal wastewater 1 5.52 63

Dairy manure 1 2.96 34

Poultry manure 1 2.7 31

MSW 1 27.5 314

Energy crops 2 167 1908

Total 205.7 2350

Time to Implement: 1 Immediate (1-5 years), 2 Near term (5-7 years)

Florida Biogas Potential from Selected Sources: Annual Estimates

Biogas is a sustainableenergy solution that is:

• Renewable

• Carbon dioxide neutral

• Locally based

thereby protecting the environment, creating jobs and strengthening local economies.

Biogas power provides …

• Energy independence– Renewable natural gas

• Energy reliability– Based on locally based feedstocks

IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES

• Net metering

• Surplus sales agreement

• Standby charge

• Rate schedule

• Interconnection

Biogas Energy Potentialin Florida

Ann C. WilkieSoil and Water Science Department

University of Florida – IFAS

acwilkie@ufl.edu

Renewable Energy Workshop

Florida Public Service CommissionJanuary 19, 2007