biofuels presentation: biodiesel and ethanol...us consumption of diesel fuel • in 2000 the us...
TRANSCRIPT
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Biofuels Presentation:
Biodiesel and Ethanol
Agricultural Utilization Research InstituteP.O. Box 188Morris, Minnesota 56267
Presented by: Michael Sparby
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Mission
• Identification and expansion of markets for new or existing commodities, ingredients and products;
• The development of new uses or value improvements for Minnesota agricultural commodities
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CENTER FOR CENTER FOR PRODUCERPRODUCER--OWNED OWNED ENERGYENERGY
• Establish an Agricultural Innovation Center focused on producer-owned energy
• Located in Marshall, Minnesota
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What is Ethanol?
• Ethanol or Ethyl Alcohol– CH3 CH2 OH or simply alcohol
• Feedstock– Starch
• Most prevalent is corn due to price– Milo, Barley, Wheat, Whey and Potato
• Cellulose Conversion
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Feedstocks• Ethanol Yield from Corn
– 2.65 Gallons per bushel (56 lbs per bushel)• Ethanol Yield from Barley
– 2.04 Gallons per bushel (48 lbs per bushel)• Ethanol Yield from Wheat
– 2.71 Gallons per bushel (60 lbs per bushel)
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EthanolDry Mill Process
• Corn– 1/3rd DDGS (dried distillers grains with solubles – feed)– 1/3rd Starch (ethanol)– 1/3rd CO2
Starch
CO2
DDGS
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Plant Costs (New Construction)
• 5 million gallon per year capacity – $11,000,000
• 15 million gallon per year capacity– $24,000,000
• 40 million gallon per year capacity– $60,000,000
• 15 million gallon Enzymatic Cellulose-Ethanol processing plant– $80,000,000
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Current US Ethanol Capacity
• 3.3 Billion Gallons of Ethanol Per Year Capacity
• 500 Million Currently Under Construction
• 14 Dry Mill Plants in Minnesota
• 1 Wet Mill Plant
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Energy Ratio
• 1.77 Energy Balance for Corn– For every one unit of energy put in to produce
ethanol you will receive 1.77 units out.
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Current Ethanol Use
• E10 10% Ethanol Blend– Most common blend – Woks in all vehicles without modification
• E85 85% Ethanol Blend– Flex Fuel Vehicle
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Source: M. Leduc, Biography of Rudolph Diesel
History of Biodiesel
Source: M. Leduc, Biography of Rudolph Diesel
• Rudolf Diesel’s invention in the late 1800’s.
• 1900 Paris Exposition• As fuels, vegetable oils never
gained wide spread attention.• OPEC Oil Embargo renewed
the interest in alternative fuels.
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Biodiesel Raw MaterialsOil or Fat Alcohol
Soybean MethanolCorn EthanolCanolaCottonseed CatalystSunflower Sodium hydroxideBeef tallow Potassium hydroxidePork lardUsed cooking oils
]
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The Biodiesel Reaction
100 lbsTriglyceride
10 lbsAlcohol
10 lbsGlycerin
100 lbsMono Alkyl-Esters
Soy Oil Methanol Glycerin Biodiesel
Catalyst
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Biodiesel National Perspective
• Total annual US production of fats & oils– Total vegetable oil 23.659 Billion lbs./year– Total animal fat 11.638 Billion lbs./year
35.3 Billion lbs./year
35.3 Billion lbs. = 4.64 Billion Gallons of biodiesel
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US Consumption of Diesel Fuel
• In 2000 the US consumed 33.13 Billion gallons of on-highway diesel fuel
• If all the vegetable oil and animal fat were used to produce biodiesel, we could only replace 15% of the current demand for on-highway diesel fuel
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Favorable:Reduces carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, particulate matter, and smoke opacity.Safe handlingNon-toxicZero to low sulfur– Lubricity enhancer
Biodiesel Fuel CharacteristicsBiodiesel Fuel Characteristics
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Biodiesel Fuel Characteristics
Concerns:Cold temperature propertiesHigher Cost8% Power Reductioat B100
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Cost of Biodiesel
• Cost is very feedstock sensitive• Processing cost is estimated around $.20 to
$.50 per gallon• New plant cost is about $1 per gallon of
annual capacity• B100 price is about $1.30 to $2.50 per gallon
(without road tax)
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Farm Bill– CCC Bioenergy Program
$204 million over 5 years
Biodiesel Fuel Education– “Biodiesel Benefits” education
$5 million in mandatory spending by 2007
Energy Bill- $.01 per percent up to 20% blend
Federal Legislation
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Minnesota Legislation
March 2002 Legislative Mandate– Requires all diesel fuel sold in the state to
contain a minimum of 2% biodiesel fuel by volume starting July 1, 2005
– Stipulates that Minnesota must have a minimum of 8 million gallons of in-state production
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Minnesota uses 800 million gallons of diesel annually– 550 mm gals. on-road– 250 mm gals. off-road
Equates to 16 million gallons of biodiesel consumption at 2% level
Minnesota Diesel Consumption
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Current Biodiesel Activities in Minnesota
Plants Under Construction– MN SP, Brewster
– 30 Million Gallon Per Year
– SoyMor, Albert Lea– 30 Million Gallon Per
Year– FUMPA, Redwood Falls
– 3 Million Gallon Per Year
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Questions?
Northern Office, Crookston
Southwest Office, Marshall
Southeast Office, Waseca
www.auri.org
AURI Offices