biofuel as a renewable energy energy - natural resources which are renewable - sunlight, wind, rain,...
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BIOFUEL AS A RENEWABLE ENERGY
Energy - natural resources which are renewable - sunlight, wind, rain, tides, etc.
Mainstream forms of renewable energy:Wind power / Hydropower / Solar energy / Biomass / Biofuel / Geothermal energy
About 16% of global final energy consumption comes from renewables10% - traditional biomass / 3.4% from hydroelectricity / NR’s - wind, solar, geothermal & biofuels - 3%
Earth's geothermal energy originates from the original formation of the planet (20%) and from radioactive decay of minerals (80%) - 5000oC
World's largest geothermal power installation Geysers in California (750 MW)
Indian has 400 medium to high enthalpy geothermal springs, clustered in 7 province,
The Himayala Province / Cambay Province / West coast province / SONATA province / Bakreswar province / Godavari province / The Barren Island
Fig: Steam rising from the Nesjavellir GTP Station in Iceland
Renewable Power Potential AchievedWind Power 20,000 MW 1,000 MW
Small Hydro Power 10,000 MW 172 MWBiomass 20,000 MW 141 MWSolar photo- voltic Power 20 MW/sq.km 810 KW
Table: Power production status of non-conventional energy in India
Share of renewables in global electricity generation - 19% (16% - hydroelectricity & 3% NR’s)
Wind power - growing at over 20% annually / End of 2011, worldwide installed capacity-238,000 MW / widely used in Europe, Asia & USA
Since 2004, photovoltics passed wind as the fastest growing energy source
Since 2007, has more than doubled every two years
End of 2011, PV cap. worldwide - 67,000MW
PV power stations - popular in Germany & Italy Solar thermal power stations - USA & Spain
Largest STPS at Mojave Desert (354 MW) - USA - SE california
Brazil - largest RE programs in the world - Ethanol from sugarcane - Ethanol provides 18% of the country's automotive fuel & also widely available in USA
BiofuelsWide range of fuels derived from biomass
It covers solid biomass, liquid fuels & various biogases
Liquid biofuels - bio alcohols like bioethanol, oils like biodiesel
Gaseous biofuels - biogas, landfill gas and synthetic gas
LFG - complex mix of different gases created by the action of Mo’s within a landfill
Bioethanol by fermentation of sugar components of plant materials - sugar & starch crops
With advanced technology, cellulosic biomass - trees & grasses - feedstock for ethanol prodn.
Ethanol (pure form) - fuel for vehicles, usually - gasoline additive to increase octane and improve vehicle emissions
Bioethanol is widely used - USA & Brazil
Biodiesel - vegetable oils, animal fats or recycled greases
Biodiesel (pure form) - fuel for vehicles, usually - diesel additive to reduce levels of particulates, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons from diesel-powered vehicles
Biodiesel is produced from oils or fats using Transesterification - Process of exchanging the organic group R″ of an ester with the organic group R′ of an alcohol - Eg:- polyester / Methanolysis & Biodiesel Production
Most common biofuel in Europe
Biofuels provided 2.7% of the world's transport fuel in 2010