bioenergy. outline introduction why bioenergy? cellulosic ethanol technology challenges industrial...
TRANSCRIPT
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BIOENERGY
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OUTLINE Introduction Why Bioenergy? Cellulosic Ethanol Technology Challenges Industrial tour Importance in my research Summary
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IntroductionSoutheast:
• Favorable climate• Multiple feedstocks• Existing infrastructure
The University of GeorgiaConference Center
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Why Bioenergy?
Reduce the dependence on imported oil (US imports 10 million barrels per day).
Reduce the release of greenhouse gases (Bioethanol reduces accumulation of carbon dioxide by 90% compared to reformulated gasoline).
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Why Bioenergy?
Petroleum represents a 40% of the source energy used in USA.
Cellulosic biomass is an inexpensive resource.
When added to gasoline, increases octane and provides oxygen, increases combustion reducing the gas pollution.
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Cellulosic Ethanol Technology
Biomass-Residue Harvesting-Energy Crops
Sugar Platform-Enzymatic Hydrolysis-Lignin Products
Products:Fuel, Chemicals, Materials,Heat and Power
Thermochemical Platform-Pyrolysis-Gasification
Biorefineries
Sugar and ligninIntermediates
Gas and LiquidIntermediates
Source:Bioenergy Conference 2008
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B3I (Biofuels, Biopower, Biomaterials Initiative )
Source: Joy Doran Peterson
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Cellulose biomass processing
Source: Joy Doran Peterson
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Future in cellulose biomass processing
Source: Joy Doran Peterson
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Cellulosic plants
Challenges
Identify the best conversion
Technologies
Development of public-private sector
partnerships
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Ethanol Today ethanol is made primarily from
starch based sources like corn and sorghum.
Ethanol production has a 34% energy gain (1 gallon of ethanol contains more energy that is required to produce it). Gasoline has an energy loss of 19.5%.
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Ethanol and Corn Prices
Source: USDA (United States Department of agriculture)
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Challenges
Develop fuels and chemicals by forestry and agricultural residues.
Cost reductions technology advances (>100 gallons per ton of dry cellulosic biomass).
Important cost contributors (feedstock costs represent 70-80% of the final product cost).
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Challenges
Pretreatment (less chemicals and energy). In 2025 farms will provide 25% of the total
energy consumed in USA. Georgia is projected to produce 100 million
of biodiesel and 400 million of ethanol by 2012.
To produce 36 billion gallons of ethanol in 2022.
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Industrial Tour
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FIRST UNITED ETHANOL
100 Million gallon corn ethanol facility
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Timber processing100% Southern Yellow Pine
Products for: laminating, painting, moulding, shaping and wrapping
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Steam Boilers Hot Water Boilers
Wood and Waste Fired Boilers
BioMass Boilers
Goal: reduce or eliminate energy and waste disponsal costs
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PAULOWNIA TREE
PLYWOOD OPERATION
Production: 40 tons per acre per year
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Importance in my research
Pretreatment represents about 20% of the total production cost.
Pretreatment disrupts the naturally resistant carbohydrate-lignin shield that limits the accessibility of enzymes to cellulose and hemicellulose.
The chemical pretreatment offers high yields and low costs economic success.
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Summary
Pretreatment is the key to obtain low costs.
Achieve high yield of sugar from biomass with low cost.
More study is needed to make a commercial process.
It is important to integrate the process.
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Summary
The Souhteast can be a national leader in biofuel production due its high feedstocks resources.
Develop effective policies to accelerate commercialization, improve knowledge of cellulosic conversion and identify new technology.
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THANKS