biodiesel pembroke

7/28/2019 Biodiesel Pembroke

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PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROMVEGETABLE OIL BY TRANSESTERIFICATION

PROCESS USING CONTINOUS ENZYMATIC

REACTOR

Advisors: Dr. Siva Mandjiny, Dr. Maria Periera, Dr. Cornelia TirlaDepartment of Chemistry & Physics, Department of Biology


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UNCP Biofuels

Provost funds initiative( up to present date)

Biodiesel Reactor arrives March 07

Biodiesel Outreach starts January 08

Student research starts Summer 07

Present- Outreach/Research continues


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UNCP Biofuels


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Goal

To Research Cost-Conserving and Safer Methods for Biodiesel Production.Reduce Production of Soap and other By-Products.Utilize a Continuous, Low-Maintenance

Reactor.Compare Continuous Production withConventional Process.


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Why

?


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Because Biodiesel is


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And because it can be made fromalmost any fatty acid!These are somesamples of Biodiesel

produced from a

variety of oils.Oils used: Corn,Palm, Coconut, Fish,

Canola, Macadamia Nut, Sunflower,Hemp, Soy Bean and

Peanut.


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Materials

Batch Method Continuous ProcessWaste and Virgin

Vegetable OilMethanolPotassium Hydroxide

Waste and Virgin

Vegetable OilEthyl Acetate Novozyme-435Lipase Enzyme


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Batch Method

Conventional batch method with KOHcatalyst, Vegetable Oil and Methanol at55C.Wash with water to remove soap.Separate Glycerol from Biodiesel.

Test for presence and quality of biodiesel by GC/Mass Spectrometer and BombCalorimetry.


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Conventional Batch Reaction
http://www.filtertechnik.co.uk/biodiesel/images/whywash_clip_image004_big.jpg


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Continuous Process

Continuous Reactor with vegetable oil,ethyl acetate as the reactant and lipaseenzyme as the catalyst.Allow to run ~6 hours for optimal reaction.Test for presence and quality of biodieselwith bomb calorimetry and GC/Mass Spec.


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The Transesterification Reaction

CH2

CH

CH2

O

O

O C

C

C

O

O

O

(CH2)n

(CH2)n

(CH2)n CH3

CH3

CH3 + 3O

O

CH2

CH

CH2

O

O

O C

C

C

O

O

O

CH3

CH3

CH3

+(CH

2)n

O

O

H3C3

Novozyme 435

Oil Ethyl Acetate Tracetin Biodiesel


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The Continuous Reactor


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Results From Batch

The Batch Processwith PotassiumHydroxide Catalyst

Produces Biodiesel aswell as Soap and Glycerol that have to

be removed beforeuse.


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Results From Continuous Process

The continuous process produces biodiesel and triacetin

a known fuel additivewhich does not haveto be removed fromthe biodiesel beforeuse.


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Results and Discussion

The optimal reaction time for oil to be completelyconverted to biodiesel is 6 to 8 hours this wasdetermined by an indirect method of measuring thecalorific values of samples taken at different pointsduring the reaction process. Further testing showedthat after this time period, the equilibrium point isreached for the reaction and it begins to shift back tothe reactant side.

It was also noted as the concentration of ethylacetate in biodiesel in the reaction decreases, the

calorific value increases.


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0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Concentration of Biodiesel To theConcentration Of Ethyl Acetate

C V V a

l u e


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0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Time (hrs)

% C

o n v e

r s i o n


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Results and DiscussionContinued

OO II LL CCaa ll oo rr ii f f ii cc V V aa ll uu ee

(( cc aa ll // mm ll ))

SS pp ee cc ii f f ii cc GG rr aa v v ii tt y y

R R ee f f rr aa cc tt ii v v ee II nn dd ee xx

V V ii ss cc oo ss ii tt y y (( NN

ss ee cc // mm 22 )) Virgin Oil 7290.63 0.8767 1.7465 0.0083BBaa tt cc hh w w //

K K OO HH aa ss CCaa tt aa ll y y ss tt

WasteVegetable Oil

8505.70 0.880 1.4555 0.0084

Virgin Oil 8554.30 0.902 2.9234 0.0110BBaa tt cc hh w w // EE nn zz y y mm ee aa ss CCaa tt aa ll y y ss tt

WasteVegetable Oil

9137.69 0.904 2.9376 0.0110

Virgin Oil 7557.90 0.903 2.9230 0.0092CCoo nn tt ii nn uu oo uu ss EE nn zz y y mm aa tt ii cc PP rr oo cc ee ss ss

WasteVegetable Oil

8505.73 0.907 2.9437 0.0091


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Conclusion

The lipase enzyme should be used as a catalyst. The enzyme can be effectively used in a continuous

reactor. Ethyl Acetate is a good solvent and an alternative to

methanol. Excess ethyl acetate can be distilled and reused. The calorific value can be used as an indirect

method for measuring the rate of conversion of vegetable oil to biodiesel.

biodiesel pembroke

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