biocombustíveis na argentina
TRANSCRIPT
Catalysis Science and Engineering Research Group (GICIC)INCAPE, Santa Fe - Argentina
Next Generation Biofuels and bio-based Chemicals, Trieste, April 2009
“Biofuels in Argentina”
Carlos ApesteguCarlos Apesteguííaa
ARGENTINA: southernmost country in the world
ARGENTINA: southernmost country in the world
South AmericaWhere are we? Where are we?
SANTA FE: SANTA FE: 133,007 km133,007 km22
3 million 3 million peoplepeople
30 million hectares for 30 million hectares for growing food (11% of growing food (11% of territory)territory)90 million hectares: forest100 million hectares: pastures55 million hectares: unsuitable1.5 million hectares: protected
Argentina produces food for 300 million people(population is 40 millions)
Argentina produces food for 300 million people(population is 40 millions)
Soybean areaAREA: 2,760,000 kmAREA: 2,760,000 km22
POPULATION: 40 millionsPOPULATION: 40 millionsRELIGION: mostly catholicLANGUAGE: SpanishGDP(PPP): US$ 13,400 per capitaGDP(nominal): US $6,500 per capitaECONOMIC GROWTH: 8 %/yearILLITERACY: 3%UNEMPLOYMENT: 8 %LIFE EXPECTANCY: 74 years
ENERGY MATRIX OF ARGENTINA
Source: Secretary of Energy (Argentina)
87 % fossil fuels6-9 % renewable sources
Oil41%
Natural Gas45%
Others3%
Mineral Carbon
1%
Wood1%
Nuclear2%
Hydraulic6%
Vegetable residues
1%
Natural gas17%
Naphta17%
Diesel66%
Participation in the use of
transportation fuels
What is ARGENTINA doing in biofuels?
Production for domestic market:600,000 tons biodiesel/year160,000 tons bioethanol/year
…will absorb:8 % of soybean3 % of corn
national outputs
in ARGENTINA, biofuels from what?
Biodiesel from vegetable oil
soybeanalgae
rapeseed ?
jatropha ?
Biodiesel from vegetable oil
soybeansoybeanalgae
rapeseed ?
jatropha ?
Biogas from
residuesresiduescorn
algae
Bioethanol from
sugar canesugar canecorn
sugar beet ?
BIODIESELIN ARGENTINA
rapeseed
soybeanalgaerapeseed
SOYBEANSOYBEANSOYBEANSoybean composition: 20 % oil, 40 % proteins, 35 %
carbohydrates and 5 % ashes
Argentina is the 3rd largest world producer of soybeanPRODUCTION:USA - 86 million tons
Brazil - 59 million tonsArgentina - 47 million tonsChina - 17 million tonsIndia - 8 million tonsParaguay - 6 million tons
Soybean composition: 20 % oil20 % oil, 40 % proteins, 35 % carbohydrates and 5 % ashes
Argentina is the 3rd largest3rd largest world producer of world producer of soybeansoybeanPRODUCTION:USA - 86 million tons
Brazil - 59 million tonsArgentina Argentina -- 47 million tons47 million tonsChina - 17 million tonsIndia - 8 million tonsParaguay - 6 million tons
Population: 300 millions 186 millions 40 millions
Argentina is the largestlargest world exporter of world exporter of soyoilsoyoilArgentina Argentina –– 5.7 million tons 5.7 million tons Brazil Brazil –– 2.3 million tons2.3 million tonsUSA USA –– 0.6 million tons0.6 million tons
NO COMSUMPTION OF SOYBEAN PRODUCTS IN ARGENTINA
NO COMSUMPTION OF SOYBEAN PRODUCTS IN ARGENTINA
SOYBEAN IS THE FIRST
CHOICE FOR BIODIESEL
SOYBEAN IS THE FIRST
CHOICE FOR BIODIESEL
BIODIESEL FROM
Soybean growth in Argentina1970 – 1971 1995 – 1996 2006 – 2007
Source:– Dirección de Agricultura – SAGPyA
59 thousand tons 12.4 million tons 47.5 million tons
SOYBEANSOYBEANSOYBEANLocation and size of vegetable oil milling
facilities
Location and size of vegetable oil milling
facilities
Main location of biodiesel plants is
on Paraná river(ships depart from here to EU or US)
Main location of biodiesel plants is
on Paraná river(ships depart from here to EU or US)
> 200 million tons/year100-200 million tons/year50-100 million tons/year< 50 million tons/year
More than 30 plants
Production (thousands tons)
Europe 5.500
USA 1.500
Argentina 1.200Brazil 900
Rest of the world
900
-----------Total 10.000
Argentina accounts for more than 10 % percent of the biodiesel produced in the world
Biodiesel production worldwide in 2008
Argentina's external sales of biodiesel totaled to 1,104,783 tons in 2008 (319,093 tons in 2007)
Sales of approximately 1,500 million dollars in 2008
Source: Argentine Camera of Renewable Energies
From June 2008, the soybean price dropped about 40 %
RENOVA 240,000 tons/year
DIFEROIL 35,000 tons/year
ECOFUEL 200,000 tons/year (twin plant underway)
RECENTLY INAUGURATED BIODIESEL PLANTS
RECENTLY INAUGURATED BIODIESEL PLANTS
SOYBEANSOYBEANSOYBEAN
Opportunity for small businesses: Farmers account for about 75 %
of diesel consumptionMicro-refineriesSell-local principleLow shipping costs
ALGAEALGAEALGAEAlgae composition: 5-50 % lipids, 40-60% proteins, fibers,
minerals, carbohydrates
Biodiesel from algaeADVANTAGES over soybean:
Algae composition: 55--50 % lipids50 % lipids, 40-60% proteins, fibers, minerals, carbohydrates
Biodiesel from algaeADVANTAGES over soybean:
No soil depredationAlgae capture 4 times more CO2 during
photosynthesisExtremely rapid growth rates
Higher yields: 1 hectare of soybean = 400 oil liters1 hectare of algae = 100,000 oil liters
250Timeshigher
algae oil costs 50 % less than soyoil
BIODIESEL FROM
Main location of algae farms is the coast of Argentine Patagonia
(Province of Chubut)
Main location of algae farms is the coast of Argentine Patagonia
(Province of Chubut)
ALGAEALGAEALGAEProject of algae Project of algae biodiesel plant:biodiesel plant:
Biocombustibles del Chubut (private and
state capitals)
• Purpose: B20 to use in buses for personnel transportation to nearby mines• Production: 5,000 tons/year
• Purpose: B20 to use in buses for personnel transportation to nearby mines• Production: 5,000 tons/year
New locations of algae biodiesel plants are on Paraná river
New locations of algae biodiesel plants are on Paraná river
ALGAEALGAEALGAE OIL FOX S.A: Start up: 200 hectares (2000
conservatories)Investment cost is 4 times as high as
a biodiesel plant but less expensive than land + oil mill
Fresh and seawater algaeFuture: 240,000 tons biodiesel/year to
be exported to the EU2 kg of algae = 1 oil liter + residue
sold as dietary supplement + biogas
OIL FOX S.A: Start up: 200 hectares (2000
conservatories)Investment cost is 4 times as high as
a biodiesel plant but less expensive than land + oil mill
Fresh and seawater algaeFuture: 240,000 tons biodiesel/year to
be exported to the EU2 kg of algae = 1 oil liter + residue
sold as dietary supplement + biogas
RECENT PROJECTS FOR
ALGAE BIODIESEL
PLANTS
RECENT PROJECTS FOR
ALGAE BIODIESEL
PLANTS
RAPESEEDRAPESEEDRAPESEEDRapeseed is almost unknown in ArgentinaLast year production: 10,000 tons Spanish group bought 50,000 hectares (US$ 40 millions)
Rapeseed is almost unknown in ArgentinaLast year production: 10,000 tons Spanish group bought 50,000 hectares (US$ 40 millions)
ADVANTAGES over soybean:
Higher yields 1 hectare of soybean = 400 oil liters1 hectare of rapeseed = 1,200 oil litersrapeseed oil content = 40-45 %
San Luis
Entre Ríos
Buenos Aires
La Paula, Córdoba. Rapeseed farm
BIODIESEL FROM
Vegetable resources with energy application
The project is initially focused on Jatropha valorization:
Agronomical management of Jatropha fields Molecular genetic improvement Jatropha curcas L.Ecofisiology of J. curcas L.Micro propagations developmentOil quality and biodiesel analysis
Project portfolioProject portfolio INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE TECNOLOGIA AGROPECUARIA
JATROPHAJATROPHAJATROPHABIODIESEL FROM
JATROPHAJATROPHAJATROPHAHighly suitableSuitable
Jatropha local April 2008 Jatropha macrocarpa Salta 2008
JATROPHAJATROPHAJATROPHA
BIOETHANOLIN ARGENTINA
sugar canesugar beet maize lignocellulose
SUGAR FEEDSTOCKS STARCHY FEEDSTOCKS CELLULOSIC FEEDSTOCKS
SUGAR CANESUGAR CANESUGAR CANEArgentina is the world's 8th largest sugar exporterRecord sugar output in 2007´s campaign:
production of 2.44 million tons(20 million tons of sugar cane)
Argentina is the world's 8th largest sugar exporterRecord sugar output in 2007´s campaign:
production of 2.44 million tons(20 million tons of sugar cane)
Production of bioethanol for domestic market (fuel):160,000 tons/year in 2010
Present production of bioethanol from sugar caneproduction: 180,000 tons in 2006exports: 40 %
Production of bioethanol for domestic market (fuel):Production of bioethanol for domestic market (fuel):160,000 tons/year in 2010
Present production of bioethanol from sugar caneproduction: 180,000 tons in 2006exports: 40 %
Suitable areas for
sugar cane
BIOETHANOL FROM
SUGAR CANESUGAR CANESUGAR CANE TRADITIONAL PROCESSFrom sugar cane molasses: As a by-
product of sugar production11 liters of ethanol/ton sugar cane
TRADITIONAL PROCESSFrom sugar cane molasses: As a by-
product of sugar production11 liters of ethanol/ton sugar cane11 liters of ethanol/ton sugar cane
Ingenio La Florida, Los Balcanes S.A., Tucumán
Production capacity: 80,000 tons/yearElectricity
Ingenio La Florida, Los Balcanes S.A., Tucumán
Production capacity: Production capacity: 80,000 tons80,000 tons/yearElectricity
SINCE 2006, NEW PROCESSDirectly from sugar cane juices: No
sugar production85 liters of ethanol/ton sugar cane
SINCE 2006, NEW PROCESSDirectly from sugar cane juices: No
sugar production85 liters of ethanol/ton sugar cane85 liters of ethanol/ton sugar cane
versus
ALTERNATIVES TO MEET BIOFUELACT IN 2010:
MaizeMaizeMaize
LignocelluloseLignocelluloseLignocelluloseSugar CaneSugar CaneSugar Cane
85 liters/ton Cost of feedstock: US$ 223/ton ethanolEfficient photosynthesisEasy to extract sugarSevenfold advantage in
energy (energy yielded vs. energy to produce it) compared to corn
400 liters ethanol/ton41% bioethanol, 29% animal food, 30% CO2Cost of feedstock: US$ 445/ton ethanolCost of 100,000 ton plant: US$ 50 millions
Sugar BeetSugar BeetSugar Beet Experimental crops with genetically manipulated seeds
200 liters ethanol/tonCost of 100,000 ton plant: US$ 300 millionsProfitable in 10-15 yearsEnzymes: basic research (genetic engineering)
BIOGASIN ARGENTINA
Manure(“cow power”) Corn
Organic residues
Argentina imports 7,000-9,000 million m3/ year of natural gas Argentina produces 19 million tons of corn/yearArgentina consumes 4 million tons of corn/year (20%)
Plan Maizar 2017: Biogas project to replace imports 5 million tons of corn or sorghum/year to produce biogas
Corn biogas yield1 hectare of corn (whole plant) = 7,000-10,000 m3 biogas
Production of biogas from corn versus biodiesel energetically 10 times more efficient than biodiesel
Argentina imports 7,000-9,000 million m3/ year of natural gas Argentina produces 19 million tons of corn/yearArgentina consumes 4 million tons of corn/year (20%)
Plan Maizar 2017: Biogas project to replace imports 5 million tons of corn or sorghum/year to produce biogas
Corn biogas yield1 hectare of corn (whole plant) = 7,000-10,000 m3 biogas
Production of biogas from corn versus biodiesel energetically 10 times more efficient than biodiesel
CORNCORNCORNCornCorn FermentationFermentation BiogasBiogas
FertilizerFertilizer
Corn biogas to replace natural gas? BIOGAS FROM
BIOREACTOR
Organic residues
In Santa Fe:
Professors of our Chem. Eng. School developed a biodigestor for biogas
OBJECTIVES: Self-supply: 30 kg of biogas/month
Rural or isolated areas
Small communities (schools)
Residue: used as fertilizer in nearby farms
Professors of our Chem. Eng. School developed a biodigestor for biogas
OBJECTIVES: Self-supply: 30 kg of biogas/month
Rural or isolated areas
Small communities (schools)
Residue: used as fertilizer in nearby farms
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP IN SANTA FEICS-UNIDO / INCAPE
• Prof. Isabel Di Cosimo
Acknowledgements
Thank you !