biochemistry
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Biochemistry. What is organic chemistry? What are carbohydrates? What are lipids? What are proteins? What are nucleic acids?. Special chemicals of life. Organic Chemistry. ORGANIC means comes from and found in LIVING things - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Biochemistry- Day 1
BiochemistryWhat is organic chemistry?What are carbohydrates?What are lipids?What are proteins?What are nucleic acids?Special chemicals of life
Organic ChemistryORGANIC means comes from and found in LIVING thingsORGANIC molecules must contain CARBON (C) and HYDROGEN (H)Most organic molecules have a CARBON BACKBONE (chain)C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-CWhat is so cool about carbon?Carbon makes very strong bonds!Likes to bond to ITSELF and other elements
Inorganic MoleculesInorganic means NOT derived from a living thingMolecular formulas DO NOT contain both C and H at the same timeMany inorganic molecules and substances that living things rely on:Water (H2O)Salt (NaCl)Phosphate (H3PO4)
Which of these molecules is organic?H2OCH4C6H12O6CO2O2C6H14N2O2 C5H6N2O2Fe2O3MacromoleculesMeans Giant moleculesALL BIG THINGS ARE MADE OF SMALLER THINGS RIGHT?Four (4) types of Organic Macromolecules:CarbohydratesLipidsProteinsNucleic Acids
Carbs: The Video Clip
Carbohydrates (SUGARS)Elements Present:Carbon, Hydrogen, OxygenJob (Function) in Living Things:Main source of FOOD ENERGYBuilding Blocks:Called Simple sugarsLinked together to make complex (BIG) sugarsGlucose is a simple sugarMany glucose molecules linked together makes STARCHSTARCH is a complex (BIG) sugar
Glucose structure
1 molecule of glucoseStarch structure
Lipids: The Video Clip
Lipids (Fats)Elements:Carbon, Hydrogen, OxygenMostly H and CFunctions (Jobs) in Living Things:Stores energyParts of membranesChemical messengers (hormones)Identification:Oily and greasyVERY LONG carbon chainEx. Butter, oils, waxes
Protein: The Video Clip
ProteinsElements present:Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and NitrogenJobs (Functions) in Living Things:Control rates of reactions (ENZYMES)Help form bones, muscles and other tissuesTransport molecules (Hemoglobin in blood)
Proteins contBuilding blocks:Called Amino Acids20 different AAs that can be linked to form a protein!Amino Acids are linked in any order and in any number to make endless numbers of proteins!Proteins are also called POLYPEPTIDES.Amino Acids
Molecular Structure of Proteins
Building blocks make the molecule!Put Legos together (the building blocks) to make a macromolecule.Name your protein.Tell us the function (job) of your proteinNucleic AcidsElements present:Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, PhosphorusJob (Function) in Living Things:Store and transmit GENETIC informationIdentification:Helix-shapedTwo types of Nucleic Acids:DNA (Deoxy-ribo-Nucleic-Acid)RNA (Ribo-Nucleic-Acid)Building BlocksCalled Nucleotides or Subunits
Nucleic Acids: The Video Clip
Lets look closer at one nucleotideNucleotides have 3 partsPhosphateRibose sugarNitrogen Base (1 of 4)Each nucleotide is connected across to another nucleotideEach nucleotide is also connected to another above and belowThis forms the laddershaped DNA or RNA molecule