Bioartificial PancreasGroup C: Robert Balcorta, Joshua Chang,

Gabriel Bernard Grajeda, Nicholli LayBIEN 10: Biomedical Engineering Systems and Devices

PresentationMonday October 25, 2010

BIEN 10: Intro to BioengineeringProfessor: G. J. RodgersSection 21: Monday 8-11

1

http://bodymindspiritintegration.co

m/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/pancreas.j

pg

Overview of Presentation

Objective

Background◦ Normal functioning Pancreas

◦ Function and Need for Artificial Pancreas

Development of a Model◦ Previous Studies; Knowledge Background

Mathematics Involved with Artificial Pancreas

Conclusion

References

Questions, Comments, Concerns, Accusations

2

Objective

Design an appropriate model

Understand and be able to apply both the mathematical and scientific knowledge needed

Find the cost of development

3

Normal Functioning Pancreas

Exocrine Gland Organ

Endocrine Gland Organ◦ Islets of Langerhans

◦ Secretes several key Hormones

Insulin

Glucagon

Somatostatin

4

Function of Device

Same Function as Normal Pancreas

5http://www.ohiohealth.com/mayo/images/image_popup/r7_pancreatitis.jpg

Need of Device

Target Population◦ Diabetics

Type 1

Benefits of this device to Population◦ Removes the need to constantly check blood glucose levels

◦ Removes the need to inject Insulin

6

Development of Model, Previous Studies

Islet of Langerhans Transplantations◦ Immunosuppressive Drugs

◦ Shortage of Donors

Solutions◦ Cell Therapy

◦ Insulin-releasing cells derived from embryonic stem cells or IPS (induced pluripotent)

In relation to the shortage of Donors

7

Developing a Model, Previous Studies

Semi-permeable membrane ◦ Surrounds Islet of Langerhans

◦ Functions through Diffusion

◦ Help stop attacks by immunocompetent cells

Immune system rejection

8 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MiamiCaptionURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6T3R-4Y9SVKB-1&_image=fig1&_ba=1&_user=4427&_coverDate=06%2F15%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=4953&_issn=0169409X&_pii=S0169409X10000360&view=c&_acct=C000059604&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_

userid=4427&md5=d671bdabb0ed850b419a9b6a13ea7be2

Mathematics Involved with Model

Fick’s Second Law of Diffusion

9

𝜕∅

𝜕𝑡=𝐷

𝜕2∅

𝜕𝑥2

𝜕∅

𝜕𝑡= 𝐷𝛻2∅

∅ − 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠t – time

D – diffusion coefficientx – position

𝛻 − 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑒)

Previous Models

Microcapsule (a)

Diffusion Chamber (b)

Hollow Fiber (c)

10

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MiamiCaptionURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6T3R-4Y9SVKB-1&_image=fig2&_ba=2&_user=4427&_coverDate=06%2F15%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=4953&_issn=0169409X&_pii=S0169409X10000360&view=c&_acct=C000059604&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=4427&md5=1e6b8a012ebca31b5175cd6186751f9d

Conclusion

Using the concept of a Semi-Permeable Membrane surrounding the functional units of the Pancreas, the Islets of Langerhans, Cellular Engineers, with respect to Fick’s Second Law of Diffusion – regarding both a constant and non-constant diffusion coefficient – would be able to design a bioartificial pancreas.

11

References

Carlson, Bruce M. (2004). Human embryology and developmental biology. St. Louis: Mosby.

BRS physiology 4th edition, Linda S. Constanzo, Lippincott publishing Brissova M, Fowler MJ, Nicholson WE, Chu A, Hirshberg B, Harlan DM, Powers

AC (2005). "Assessment of human pancreatic islet architecture and composition by laser scanning confocal microscopy". Journal of Histochemistryand Cytochemistry 53 (9).

Ichii H, Inverardi L, Pileggi A, Molano RD, Cabrera O, Caicedo A, Messinger S, Kuroda Y, Berggren PO, Ricordi C (2005). "A novel method for the assessment of cellular composition and beta-cell viability in human islet preparations". American Journal of Transplantation 5 (7)

http://ucelinks.cdlib.org:8888/sfx_local?&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.atitle=Bioartificial%20pancreas%20Microencapsulation%20and%20conformal%20coating%20of%20islet%20of%20Langerhans&rft.auinit=Y&rft.aulast=Teramura&rft.date=2010&rft.epage=840&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0169-409X&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=827&rft.stitle=ADV%20DRUG%20DELIVER%20REV&rft.title=ADVANCED%20DRUG%20DELIVERY%20REVIEWS&rft.volume=62&rfr_id=info:sid/www.isinet.com:WoK:WOS&rft.au=Iwata%2C%20H&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.addr.2010.01.005

12

References

A. Fick, Poggendorff's Annel. Physik. (1855)

D. Brogioli and A. Vailati, Diffusive mass transfer by nonequilibrium fluctuations: Fick's law revisited, Phys. Rev. E 63, 012105/1-4 (2001)

W.F. Smith, Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill (2004)

H.C. Berg, Random Walks in Biology, Princeton (1977)

13

Questions? Comments?

14

http://images.huffingtonpost.com/2010-02-04-Questions.jpg