Bio-pesticides development, use and regulation in Kenya

Regional Experts Workshop on Development, Regulation and Use of Bio-pesticides in East Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, 22–23 May 2014

Virginia Kimani

OutlineIntroductionDefinitionsPolicyLegislationStandardsUse/RegistrationsRecommendationsAcknowledgements

IntroductionBio-pesticides with significant potential in

improving the pest and disease control management strategies worldwide and in Kenya.

World Trade estimates ◦3 percent, or $1.3 billion, of the $44 billion global crop-

protection business, ◦Growing by 10% per year ◦Estimates for the Macrobial market 2003 about $190 m ◦Multinationals currently entering the market with

purchases of bio-pesticide small companies

Definitions

In the European Union for example, bio pesticides- have been

defined as "a form of pesticide based on micro-organisms or natural products".

This definition does not include natural enemies such as predators and parasitoids also called macrobials.

DefinitionsIn the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

includes naturally occurring substances that control pests (biochemical pesticides), microorganisms that control pests (microbial pesticides), and plant-incorporated protectants or PIPs" basically GMOS.

This definition does not include macrobials.

Definitions

Kenya1. Bio-chemicals, which are derived from

plants (plant extracts) 2. Semio-chemicals 3. Microbials and 4. Macrobials or natural enemies.

Policy on bio-pesticides No specific policy but related are:

◦The Developing National Agrochemicals Policy◦at initial stages(stakeholders workshop- today)◦Also referred to a the Pest Control Products

Policy ◦a draft bill on Fertilizers and Soil Conditioners◦A draft amendment bill to the Fertilizers and

Animal Foodstuffs Act

LegislationAgriculture Act (CAP 318) Chairmanship of the Kenya Standing Technical

Committee for the Imports and Exports of Live organisms

The KEPHIS Act, Cap 512 2013 and Plant Protection Act Secretariat of the Kenya Standing Committee for the

Imports and Exports of Live organisms A biological import permit issued alongside other permits

Pest Control Products Act Registration Regulations

Procedures, application forms, summary forms and Dossier

Other Regulations supporting trade

An application to the Managing Director KEPHIS stating the intention to introduce

KSTCIE advises the importer of the requirements ◦ Application Form◦ Supply Dossier copies (4)

Dossier is sent to the reviewers (internal and external)

Comments given to the applicant and addressedSub-committee meets with Applicant presentApproval or rejection

Procedures for introduction of micro and macrobials

MEMBERS OF THE KENYA STANDING TECHNICAL COMMITTEE FOR IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF LIVE ORGANISMS (some are members of

the sub-committee)

• Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries (MALF)• Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service (KEPHIS) • Pest Control Products Board (PCPB)• Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI)• Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS)• Department of Veterinary Services(DVS) • Ministry of Health(MoH) • Real IPM Company• Koppert Biological Systems Ltd• Osho Chemical Industries Ltd• MEA Ltd• Kenya Wildlife Service(KWS)• National Museums of Kenya(NMK)• National Environment Management Authority(NEMA)• University of Nairobi(UON)• International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology(ICIPE)

Kenya Standing Technical

Committee for Imports and

Exports [KSTCIE]

Sub Committee Dossier Review

Committee Dossier

(Report) Review

Accepted Rejected

Procedure for introduction and risk assessment for Microbials and Macrobials

PCPBBio-chemicals and Semio-chemicals

Efficacy Approval Permit

Dossier Review

Sample Imports

Rejection

Sample Delivery

Indigenous

Efficacy Trials

Registration

Review of Reports

KEPHIS

Accepted micro and macrobial

RegistratIon review

Standards for bio-pesticides

No standards per se Composition of bio-pesticides as submitted

to PCPB East African Organic Standard- “Kilimohai”

stipulates what products may be used in the production process.

Exports of live organisms

If an indigenous organism is produced in Kenya and is intended for export, notification should be sent to The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), which was instigated on December 29, 1993, and to which Kenya is a signatory.

Use of KEPHIS export procedures to export

Use of bio-pesticides

Extent of use indicated by the registered bio-pesticides

List available at pcpb.or.ke Estimates hard to compile

◦Imports figures- PCPB ◦Indigenous materials for sale – private sales◦Indigenous materials for owner use – internal

data

Registered microbials

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Registered macrobials Name of biological control agent

Origin

Amblyseious cucumeris(predatory mite) (2)

Indigenous and imported

Amblyseius californicus (predatory mite) (2)

Indigenous and imported

Aphidius transcaspinus (parasitic wasp) (1)

Indigenous

Diglyphus isaea (parasitic wasp) (1)

Indigenous

Encarsia formosa (parasitic wasp) (1)

Indigenous

Eretmocerus eremicus (parasitic wasp)(1)

Imported

Phytoseilus persimilis (Predatory mite) (5)

Indigenous and imported

Registered bio-chemicals Allyl Sulphides 8.5g/L from Garlic juice (1)Azadirachtin alone (6)Azadirachtin 0.03% w/w (32% neem oil) (1)Biological Cotton seed oil 31% + Garlic extract 23%Biological Cotton seed 40% + Olive oil 20% + Garlic extract 10%

Coconut oil 58.5ml/L Neem Oil – 31.5ml/L Sorbic acid – 15.0ml/L Soybean oil – 32.5ml/L (1)

Eugenol 3g/L(1)Methyl Eugenol 98.9% (1)

Neem oil Clarified Hydrophobic extract of, 70% (1)Organic Vegetable Oil 95% w/v (1)Pyrethrin + Garlic extract (1)Pyrethrins and mixtures (24)Pyrethrins 25 % for formulation purposes (1) Pyrethrins 50% for formulation purposes (1)

Use-some estimated imports 2012 ACTIVE INGREDIENT

VOLUME (KG/LITRES)

TONNES

USE

Paecilomyces lilacinus

12,000 12 Control of root knot, cyst and burrowing nematodes in Roses; and for the control of root knot nematodes in tomatoes and French beans.

Bacillus thuringiensis

8,896 8.896 Control of various pests in vegetable crops

Verticillium Lecanii

2,100 2.1 Control of Aphids on Roses and French beans, aphids and whiteflies on Tomatoes.  

Trends in use

Macrobials going up ◦Estimates for flowers farms about 600ha (out of

total about 3,700ha)mostly against mites Microbials going down due to synthetic

pyrethroids quick knockdown Bt gone down very significantly Trichoderma slightly going up due to lack of

fungicides for soil application especially for FusariumBiochemicals going up due to legislation on

MRLs- neem, prethrum, misc extracts

Non-regulatory stakeholders in the sector Name Role and focus Activities on bio-

pesticides Registrants , agents Introduction, trading,

commercialisation Training ,promotions

Kenya Organic Agricultural Network- KOAN

General organic farming concerns

Certification of suppliers

International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology- ICIPE

Research and development of various bio-pesticides

Nominated Membership in KSTCIE and research and development

Kenya Institute of Organic Farming-KIOF

Promoting organic farming Promotion of use non-synthetic chemicals

Enkasa College

 

 

Promoting organic farming and IPM

Training on IPM and organic production methods

RecommendationsPolicy needed as well as strategyLegislation focus

◦Scrutiny of the process, are both stages necessary for macrobials?

◦Fast tracking especially of indigenous materials Incentives and promotions of bio-pesticides by

government Capacity building

◦School curriculum◦Post school curriculum

Intentional promotion of indigenous materials especially biologicals, plant extracts

Acknowledgements Regulators- KEPHIS, PCPB, other Members

of the KSTCIEPrivate sector- Real IPM, Koppert, Sineria,

an agro-input supplierResearchers- JKUAT, KARIBio-Innovate and partners such as

NACOSTIOther stakeholders e.g KOAN

Pesticides and Agricultural Resource Centre

Training Research ConsultancyHurlingham Plaza, Argwings Kodhek Road

Tel: 254 722 706 528458; 254722 782880 Nairobi

Email: parcpest09@gmail.comWebsite: www. parcpest.com

www.parcpest.co.ke

Thank you