A VISIT REPORT ON BIO-MEDICAL WASTE TREATMENT PLANT,

P ADARSH ABHIJIT (FINAL YEAR)KALINGA INSTITUTE OF DENTAL SCIENCES

CONTENTS1. OVERVIEW

2. DISPOSAL TECHNOLOGIES

3. BIO-MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT STEPWISE

4. TRANSPORT

5. COLLECTION

6. SEGREGATION

7. INCINERATION

8. AUTOCLAVING

9. SHREDDER

10. LANDFILL

11. CONCLUTION

12. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

OVERVIEW:-NECESSITY FOR BIO-MEDICAL

WASTE TREATMENAT:- 1.Exposure to hazardous health-care waste can result in disease or due to: >it contains infectious agents >it contains toxic or hazardous chemicals or pharmaceuticals >it contains sharps >it is genotoxic >it is radio activeThe MAIN groups at risk are: >medical doctors, nurses. >patients in health care establishment >workers >visitors

WASTE CATEGORYTYPE OF WASTE

Category No. 1Human Anatomical Waste

Category No. 2Animal Waste

Category No. 3Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste

Category No. 4Waste Sharps

Category No. 5Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic drugs

Category No. 6Soiled Waste

Category No. 7Solid Waste

Category No. 8Liquid Waste

Category No. 9Incineration Ash

Category No.10Chemical Waste

COLOR CODE

TYPE OF CONTAINER

WASTE CATEGO

RY

TREATMENT OPTIONS

Yellow Plastic bags 1, 2, 3 and 6

Incineration/deep burial

Red Disinfected container/plastic

bag

3, 6 & 7 Autoclaving/Micro

Waving/Chemical treatment

Blue/white

transparent

Plastic bags/puncture

proof container

4 & 7 Autoclaving/Micro

waving/chemical treatment,

Destruction & shredding

Black Plastic bag 5, & 9, AND

10 (SOLID)

Disposal in secured land

fills

ANY WASTE WHICH IS GENERATED DURING THE DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT OR IMMUNIZATION OF HUMAN BEINGS OR ANIMALS OR IN RESEARCH ACTIVITIES PERTAINING THERE TO

OR IN THE PRODUCTION OR TESTING OF BIO MEDICALS.

DEFINITION :

INTRODUCTION

STEPS OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

TREATMENT OF WASTE

COLLECTION ANAD SEGREGATION

TRANSPORTATION

1.Transportation:

• There should be separate corridor and lift in hospital to carry and transport waste.

• General waste are deposited at municipal dumps.

• Waste for autoclaving and incineration are dumped at separate site for external trasport (should have separate coloured plastic bag for these waste)

• Transportation should be done in sealed container/sanitation supervisor should ensure for leakage

2.Collection and segregation of waste:

• Centralized sanitation staffs or any other sanitation staffs should collect the waste during morning afternoon or evening under the supervision of nursing staff and sanitation supervisor; documentation should be done in register; Garbage bin should be cleaned and disinfected regularly.• Done at point of Generation of waste and put in separate coloured bags . Color coding varies from nation to nation.

3.Treatment & Disposal Technologies:A . Incineration

B . Chemical Disinfection

C . Wet and dry thermal treatment

D . Microwave irradiation

E . Land disposal

F . Inertization

A . INCINERATION :• High tempreture dry oxidation process that reduce organic and

combustible waste into inorganic incombustible matter. Resulting in significant reduction in waste volume and weight.

• Process is selected to treat waste that cannot be recycled , reused or can be disposed in land.

(I)VENTURI SCRUBBER SYSTEM:

• The venture scrubber shall have minimum pressure drop of 350mm to achieve the prescribed emission limit.

• It should be preferably made of stainless steel 316L grade or better material or mild steel lined with acid resistant bricks to avoid corrosion.

• The water to be used should b added with caustic soda solution to mainatain the pH of scrubbing liquid above 6.5.

(II)SLUGDES:

• Sludge is a semi-solid slurry and can be produced as sewage sludge from wastewater treatment processes or as a settled suspension obtained from conventional drinking water treatment and numerous other industrial processes.

(III)EXHAUSTED GAS TO ATMOSPHERE :

• Exhaust gas or flue gas is emitted as a result of the combustion of fuels such as natural gas, gasoline, petrol, biodiesel blends, diesel fuel, fuel oil, or coal.

B.AUTOCLAVING:

• An autoclave is a pressure chamber used to carry out industrial processes requiring elevated temperature and pressure different from ambient air pressure. • Autoclaves are used in medical applications to perform sterilization and in the chemical industry to cure coatings and vulcanize rubber and for hydrothermal synthesis. They are also used in industrial applications, especially regarding composites.

5.SHREDDER:

• The non-infectious Biomedical waste shredding machine is used to destroy waste such as Syringes, scalpels, glass vials, blades, plastics, catheters, broken ampules, intravenous sets/bottles, blood bags, gloves, bandages etc.

• Shredding is a process by which waste is de shaped or cut in to smaller pieces, so as to make the waste unrecognizable. It helps in prevention of reuse of non-infectious Biomedical waste and also acts as identifier that the waste is safe to depose off.

6.LANDFILL:A . Open Dumps: risk for public healthB . Sanitary landfills: designed and constructed to prevent contamination of soil , surface, ground water and direct contact with public.

Conclusion:-

• This visit gave us the knowledge about the Bio-Medical waste management on larger scale.

• Well explained by the manager of the plant.

• The Bio-Medical Waste generated from the hospitals and all other source will be treated without polluting the environment. • All the above treatment and disposal process is done within the norms of CPCB & guidelines. • The remaining material after incineration is safely disposed according to the CPCB guidelines. • Incineration of Bio-Medical Waste is one of the techno- economical viable scheme, which have many advantages such as significant volume reduction, weight reduction & also ability to manage most types of wastes with little processing before treatment.