Bio-Jet Fuels: A step Towards Green Aviation

Anand KumarDirector (R&D)Indian Oil Corporation Limited

DSDS 2010

Region 2008 2009 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030North America 1.68 1.56 1.58 1.65 1.72 1.78 1.85Latin America 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.32 0.37 0.42 0.46Europe 1.24 1.18 1.20 1.30 1.37 1.42 1.44CIS 0.29 0.27 0.28 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.37Asia-Pacific 1.24 1.21 1.30 1.53 1.81 2.11 2.42Middle east 0.25 0.24 0.25 0.31 0.35 0.37 0.38Africa 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.23 0.26 0.29 0.30

TOTAL 5.18 4.93 5.08 5.66 6.23 6.74 7.23

Global Jet Fuel Demand (2008-2030)(million barrels per day)

Source: HART 2009-10 report

2003-4 2011-12 2016-17 2020 2030BAU 2.5 3.6 4.1 4.7 6.9HOG 3.9 4.9 5.7 10.1

INDIA Jet Fuel Demand (2010-2030)(MMT)

CAGR of 4 to 5.5% from 2003 to 2030 Jet fuel demand in India to grow under both BAU

and HOG scenarios Per capita consumption to go up from 2.4 Kg in

2003-04 to 7.1 Kg in 2030.

BAU = Business As Usual ; HOG = High Output Growth (Source: IRADe/PwC Analysis)

Aviation Fuels: Demand Scenario

Jet fuel projected to grow at 1.5 % annuallyAsia Pacific leads the growth (3.2% from 2010 thru 2030)India : CAGR of 4 to 5.5% upto 2030Average jet fuel prices of 2000-2008 were $ 62.3 /barrelPeaked in July 2008 to $167 / barrelBio-jet fuels likely to cost $ 80/barrel by 2030( Present Cost: 250-230 $/bbl

Source: HART 2009-10 report / IEA

Aviation Fuels : Emissions

Present GHG Emissions: Transportation: 22 % of Global emission Aviation: 12 % of Transportation

2% of Global GHG

With BAU, it share of Emission from Aviation, shall be 1/5 th of the Global GHG Emission, by 2050

Data from IEA

Aviation Fuels :Emission-Way Forward

Greener Sky Thinking : An EU Report recommends:

A wide scale Deployment of Sustainable Bio-Jet Fuel to meet 2050 emission targetsSet Achievable and Enforceable target for using bio-jet Fuel

2020: 20% 2050: 80%

Reduce Emissions:2020: 30% (Base 1990)2050: 60% Data from IEA

Life Cycle GHG Emissions

Aviation fuels contribute significantly to GHG emissionsBio-jet fuels can make large reductions in life cycle GHG emissionsImprovements in each Constituent of Aviation Cluster: Fuel Quality, Jet engine efficiency, Airport Management, Tribology etc

Technology options ForBio-jet Fuels

Technology options For Bio-jet Fuels

Hydro-treatment of vegetable oils to deoxygenateIsomerisation to impart low temperature properties Biomass to bio-oil by pyrolysis followed by up-gradation by hydro-treatmentHydro treated renewable jet fuel (HRJ fuels ) used for all test flights

Bio-Tech Options: Why ?

EU Jet Fuel Consumption: 2009: 50 mtpa 2050: 80 mtpa

An Area of 24,850 SQ KM, slightly larger than Wales, needed to meet this demand of bio-jet fuel of EU alone,LCA for Sustainability of Feedstock & Technologies / methods

BioBio--Tech Options:Tech Options: Algal AdvantageAlgal Advantage

Algae, a good source for production of bio-jet fuelsExtremely large mitigation of carbon dioxideLarge yield, per SQF, may make this economical and sustainable,Improved strains under productionLarge funding committed

Key Challenges

Thermal Stability fuel system component coking

Storage Stability biological growthLow temperature performanceCombustion propertiesMaterial compatibility fuel system and hot section

Trace contaminants (metals, micronutrients)

Low Density aircraft range

Collaborative R&D on BioCollaborative R&D on Bio--jet Fuelsjet Fuels

Indo-Canada Science & Tech ProgrammeCanadian Team : Pratt & Whitney, Universities of Laval, Queens, and Ryerson,Indian Team : IndianOil, HPCL, IIP, IISc, Bangalore, IIT(K), Infotech Full value chain from production to fuel blending, testing in aero-engines, and field trialsA three year mission oriented approach

Thank YouThank You

If we miss now, If we miss now, there is there is no Plan B For Saving no Plan B For Saving The PlanetThe Planet

Bio-Jet Fuels: A step Towards Green Aviation Aviation Fuels: Demand ScenarioAviation Fuels : EmissionsAviation Fuels :Emission-Way ForwardLife Cycle GHG Emissions Technology options For Bio-jet FuelsTechnology options For Bio-jet FuelsBio-Tech Options: Why ?Bio-Tech Options: Algal AdvantageKey ChallengesCollaborative R&D on Bio-jet Fuels