bio instrumentation
TRANSCRIPT
OBJECTIVE..
As a result of completing this module you should be
able to understand the:
The concept of :
Electrical Safety Analyzers
Performance Analyzers
Simulators & Controllers
Despite advances in medical science
Sudden Death continues to increase
Advances in modern medical science (including
Emergency Medical Services) have helped to prolong
life and reduce the number of deaths from many “killer”
health problems. But the problem of sudden cardiac
death has continued to go virtually unchecked.
WHO WE ARE? Biomedical engineering is a team of
engineering professionals working in a
clinical environment to resolve technology
issues related to patient care
What we do?
Biomedical engineers provide their services
by reducing the risks, improve patient
outcome and enhance patient care in a cost
effective manner
FOR THE HEALTH INDUSTRY ,
BE IT HOSPITALS OR
MANUFACTURES OF
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT-
NOTHING COUNTS MORE
THAN THE SAFETY OF
PATIENT.
WE CAN DIVIDE LAB DEVICES IN TO
THREE TYPES:
1. Electrical Safety Analyzers
2. Performance Analyzers
3. Simulators & Controllers
ELECTRICAL SAFETY ANALYZERS
ESA612 Electrical Safety
Analyzer »ESA620 Electrical Safety
Analyzer »ULT800 Ultrasound Transducer
Leakage Current Tester » medTester 5000C
Automated Biomedical Equipment Test
System
180 Electrical Safety Analyzer
175 Electrical Safety Analyzer
PERFORMANCE ANALYZERS
Defibrillator analyzer
Electrosurgery
Infusion Device
Incubator
Pressure Meters
Gas-Flow
Oxygen Analyzers
Medical Scopemeters
SIMULATORS & CONTROLLERS
Multipara meter Patient Simulators
Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Simulators
Sp02 Simulators
Fetal Simulators
Controllers
WHY CALIBRATION AND ELECTRICAL
SAFETY OF MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
Why Test & Calibration
What you cannot measure you cannot control
Electrical safety testing
It is essential to ensure safe
operating standards for any
product that uses electricity.
In most markets it is mandatory for
a product to conform
to safetystandards pro
mulgated by safety and standard
agencies such as
UL, CE, VDE, CSA, BSI, CCC and
so on.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY TESTS
To conform to such standards, the product must pass safety tests such as the high voltage test (also called as Dielectric voltage-withstand test or high potential test),
Mains Voltage
Dual Lead Voltage
Dual Lead Leakage
Current Consumption
Insulation Resistance Test,
Ground (Earth) Bond & Ground Continuity Test & Leakage Current Test (also called as Line Leakage Test, Earth Leakage Current Test,
Enclosure Leakage Current Test or Patient Leakage Current Test).
These tests are described in IEC 60335, IEC 61010 and many other national and international standards
ELECTRICAL SAFETY ANALYZERS
ESA612 Electrical Safety
Analyzer »ESA620 Electrical Safety
Analyzer »ULT800 Ultrasound Transducer
Leakage Current Tester » medTester 5000C
Automated Biomedical Equipment Test
180 Electrical Safety Analyzer
175 Electrical Safety Analyzer
STANDARD FEATURES
The most advanced Electrical Safety Analyzer on the
market
EN60601-1, EN601010-1, and AAMI & ESI test loads
(user selectable) into one device
The One-Touch-Testing user interface
Allows user to perform rapid tests on various medical
devices
Multiple enclosure-leakage points
Multiple patient-applied-part types
STANDARD FEATURES
• Power ON/OFF delay
• DC only for patient- and auxiliary-leakage tests
• User-programmable test sequences
• Offers manual, auto, step, and computer-control mode
operations
• ASCII data transfer
• Memory for up to 1000 device-information records
• Conducts electrical safety testing in accordance with
IEC 601-1, VDE 751, VDE 701, HEI 95, IEC 1010,
AAMI, and AS/NZS 3551 requirements
STANDARD FEATURES
• Flags failures, and simulatesperformance, ECG, andarrhythmia, waveforms.
• Results automatically analyzedand saved in non-volatilememory
• Accepts device information that is input using an
– External keyboard,
– Integrated keypad,
– Barcode keyboard wedge
Optional Feature
• Onboard thermal printing
SPECIFICATIONSVoltage Range: 0 to 300 V True RMS (single and dual lead)
Accuracy: DC - 100 Hz ± 1.5 % of reading ± 1 LSD
Insulation
ResistanceRange: 0.5 to 400.0 MΩ
Accuracy: ± 5 % of reading ± 2 LSD
Current
ConsumptionRange: 0 to 15 A ac True RMS
Accuracy: ± 5 % of reading ± 2 LSD
Mains on Applied
PartApplied Voltage: ≥ 110 % of mains voltage
Accuracy: ± 2 % of reading ± 6 µA
Protective Earth
Resistance Range: 0.000 to 2.999 Ω
Accuracy:
± 5 % of reading ± 4 mΩ (1 A, 10 A, and 25 A test currents) (Refer to
Operator’s Manual for additional specs qualifying the effects on
accuracy of variations in load inductance and phase angle.)
Supply Voltage90 to 265 Vac, auto switching
IEC601-1 and AAMI
Leakage Currents Range: 0 to 8000 µA True RMS
Accuracy:
(per IEC601-1 or AAMI filter),
-DC - 1 kHz ± 1 % of -reading ± 1 µA
-1 to 100 kHz ± 2 % of reading ± 1 µA
- 100 kHz to 1 MHz ± 5 % of reading ± 1 µA
DC-Only Frequency Response: DC - 5 Hz (approx)
ECG Simulation and
Performance Testing ECG Complex: 30, 60, 120, 180, 240 BPM
Performance
Pulse: 30, 60 BPM, 63 ms pulse width
600 to 700 µs rise and fall time
Sine Waves: 10, 40, 50, 60, 100 Hz
Square Wave: 0.125, 2.000 Hz (50 % duty cycle)
Triangle Wave: 2 Hz, 2 mV
Dimensions 16.62 in L x 11.75 in W x 5.56 in H
Weight 17lb / 7.7kg
Effects of Electric Current on Human
Body•Threshold of perception of electric
shock is about 1mA
•Tingling sensation is felt when
contacted with electrified object
through intact of skin
•As magnitude of alternating current is
increased
– Tingling sensation leads to
contraction of muscles
– Muscular contraction increases
– Finally value of current is
reached where grip of current
cannot be released
Let -go- current: the max. current at which the subject
is still capable of releasing a conductor by using
muscles
Here individual can withstand with no serious effects
Average let go current for males- 16mA, females-10.5mA,
approx. 9-6 mA for both.
Hold-on-type: A current level higher than let go
current, the subject looses ability to control his own
muscle action and unable to release grip on the
conductor
Such currents are very painful and hard to bear
Physical injury is caused b currents in range of 20-100mA
A very high currents (6 amperes and above) lead to
Temporary respiratory paralysis
Serious burns
Recommendations of IEC
International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) said:
Continuous medical equipment current
should not exceed 100 uA
Should be with in a frequency range of 0
to 1kHz
In abnormal situations recommended
max. current is 500 uA
Should be in a frequency upto 1 kHz
Above 1 kHz max increases is
proportionally with frequency
PERFORMANCE ANALYZERS
Defibrillator analyzer
Electrosurgery
Infusion Device
Incubator
Pressure Meters
Gas-Flow
Oxygen Analyzers
Medical Scopemeters
To understand the cocept of defibrillator analyzer first we
must know :
What is defibrillation?
What is defibrillator?
DEFIBRILLATION
Defibrillation is a proses in which
an electronic devise sends an
electric shock to the heart to
stop an extremely rapid, irregular
heartbeat, and restore the
normal heart rhythm.
DEFIBRILLATOR
A device that reverse the
fibrillation of heart.
Fibrillation causes the
heart to stop pumping
blood, leading to brain
damage
DEFIBRILLATOR ANALYZER
Defibrillator testers are testing devices used in performing output measurement tests and performance verification on defibrillator equipment.
Defibrillator analyzers automate the inspection and preventive maintenance testing of defibrillators
STANDARD FEATURES
Mostly these multifaceted devises
performs
primary measurement of energy,
peak voltage,
peak current,
pulse width, and
charge time test
Also, the device performs cardio version analysis,
Output Energy Measurement (in Joules), On-demand
Pacemaker Testing, and generates simulated
performance waves used in defibrillator testing as well
as several additional tests.
Lastly, technicians can store, print data, or possibly
transfer it to an automated computerized maintenance
management system for archival.
ELECTROSURGERY
Electrosurgery is the application of high frequency
electric current to biological tissue as a mean to
cut, coagulate, desiccate, or fulgurate (sparking
with the coagulation wave form) tissue.
BENEFITS
Its benefits include:
The ability to make precise
cuts with limited blood loss.
Electrosurgical devices are
frequently used during surgical
operations helping to prevent
blood loss in hospital
operating rooms or in
outpatient procedures.
ELECTROSURGERY UNIT (ESU)
A Electrosurgical Unit (ESU)
testers are testing devices used in
performing output measurement
tests and performance verification
on electrosurgical or Bovie
equipment
ELECTROSURGERY UNIT TESTERMostly, these multifaceted devices performs
primary measurement of energy,
Load Impedance (50 Ohms),
peak-to-peak voltage,
crest factor,
selected load impedance value,
RF current, and RF power tests.
RF Leakage tests, including active and dispersive
electrode leakage to ground used in electrosurgical
testing as well as several additional tests
INFUSION/SYRINGE PUMP ANALYZERS
Infusion pump testers are testing
devices used in performing output
measurement tests and performance
verification on infusion pumps, syringe
pumps, Patient Controlled Analgesia
(PCA) Pumps, and infusion controller
equipment
STANDARD FEATURES
Mostly, these multifaceted devices
performs
primary measurements of Average
Flow Rates,
Bolus,
Total Volume Delivered and Timing
measurements,
Occlusion and Back Pressure,
Generates simulated performance
waves used in infusion testing as well
as several additional tests
INCUBATORS
It is an enclosed apparatus
providing a controlled
environment for the care
and protection of premature
or unusually small babies.
INCU™ INCUBATOR ANALYZER
The INCU™ is an
incubator analyzer,
designed around AAMI
and IEC standards, that
specifies
• Temperature,
• Humidity,
• Sound and
• Airflow characteristics
of incubators.
DPM2Plus Pressure Meter
The DPM2Plus
Universal Pressure
Meter is designed to
measure the positive
and negative pressures
of medical devices in
either liquid or gaseous
form to assist in repair
and quality control.
DPM4 Parameter Tester
DPM4 is ideal for the
testing done as part of
preventive maintenance
or repair processes
whenever measurement
of pressure, flow, or
relative humidity is
required.
GAS FLOW ANALYZER
Bi-directional flow,
pressure, volume, and
oxygen concentration,
and pressure
measurements
Low- and high-pressure,
and flow measurement
capability
199 X-RAY MEDICAL SCOPE METER
Displays kVp wave
forms and direct
kVp values
simultaneously on
an easy-to-read
screen
SIMULATORS & CONTROLLERS
Multipara meter Patient Simulators
Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Simulators
Sp02 Simulators
Fetal Simulators
Controllers
MULTIPARAMETER PATIENT SIMULATORS
PS410 ECG/Arrythmia Simulator
medSim 300B Patient Simulator
MPS450 Patient Simulator
Data Sim 6100 Patient Simulator
ECG Simulator, PS420 Multiparameter Patient ECG
Simulator
MPS450 PATIENT SIMULATOR
•ECG 12-lead simulation
•invasive BP
• respiration
• temperature
•BP in sync with ECG
•HHC3 HAND HELD
CONTROLLER is used to
remotely operate MPS450
NON-INVASIVE BLOOD PRESSURE
SIMULATORS
BP Pump 2 Non-Invasive
Blood Pressure Simulator
CuffLink Non-Invasive Blood
Pressure Simulator
BP PUMP 2 NON-INVASIVE BLOOD
PRESSURE SIMULATOR
The BP Pump 2
provides dynamic blood-
pressure simulations for
testing adult and
neonatal noninvasive
blood pressure
monitors, including both
arm- and wrist-cuff
types. The analyzer
features a preset mode
for simulation of most
patient conditions and
the capability to
program user-defined
simulations
DALE40 PHOTOTHERAPY
RADIOMETER
The DALE40 Phototherapy Radiometer is designed for the accurate measurement of light radiation in the blue part of the spectrum from 400-480 nanometers. Phototherapy exposure in this range is used in the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in newborn children.
The DALE40 provides continuous measurement of irradiation by simply placing the detection probe under the phototherapy light (fluorescent lamps only). In addition to verifying output power, the DALE40 saves costs by eliminating premature replacement of lamps.