bio 1011 dr. lee science center 227 phone: (610) 660-3439 jlee04@sju
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BIO 1011 Dr. Lee Science Center 227 Phone: (610) 660-3439 [email protected]. Levels of Biological Organization. What is a cell? Discovered by Robert Hooke, 1655 Microscopic Analysis of cork sections Tiny “Chambers” = “Cells”. Wikipedia. What is the “Cell Theory”?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Levels of Biological Organization
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What is a cell?
Discovered by Robert Hooke, 1655Microscopic Analysis of cork sections
Tiny “Chambers” = “Cells”
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Wikipedia
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What is the “Cell Theory”?
What defines something as “living”?
• Cells are the universal building blocks of life• Cells arise from pre-existing cells
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How big is a cell?
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A Sense of Scale
Figure 1-6
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01_06_What can we see.jpg
“What can we see?”
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“What can we see?”
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Metric Units
• One meter - About Three Feet• One mm - 1/1000 of a meter• One µm - 1/1,000,000 of a meter• One nm - 1/1,000,000,000 of a meter• mm = 10-3 m• µm = 10-6 m• nm = 10-9 m
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How to look at cells
• Light microscopy
• Electron microscopy
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How to look at cells
• Light Microscopy– Resolution of about 0.2 m
• Resolution - How close two objects can be together and still be seen as 2 objects
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Light Microscopy
Fixed and stained
Live cell
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01_04_Early microscopes.jpg
The History of Cell Visualization:
Eduard Strasburger, 1880:
Modern day light microscopy:
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How to Look at Cells
• Electron Microscopes• Two types:
– Scanning• 3-D image of cell’s surface• Resolution of 3 nm
– Transmission• Interior cell structure• Resolution of 2 nm
• Higher resolution because of shorter wavelength
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SEM of a protozoan (single celled eukaryote)
Fig. 1-32
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TEM micrograph of a killer T cell preparing to attack a large tumor cell
TEM Micrograph of Mammalian Cell
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Basic Cell Anatomy
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Basic Cell Anatomy
Plasma Membrane
Cytoplasm (cytosol: soluble portion)
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Two major cell types
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
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A Basic Distinction: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells “Pro” = before “Eu” = true
Distinguishing features:
The world of prokaryotes: Eubacteria and ArchaeaThe diversity of prokaryotes
The common bacterium: Escherichia
coli (E. coli)
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Flagellum
Ribosomesin cytosol
DNA
PlasmaMembrane
Cell wall
Panel 1-2
Cells range in sizes
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Plant vs animal vs bacterial cell size
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The Eukaryotic Cell:
Nucleus
Mitochondria
(chloroplasts)
Internal Membranes generate intracellular compartmentsERGolgiLysosomesPeroxisomesVesicles
Cytosol
Cytoskeleton
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Fig.1-5
Miniature Factory
Engine
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• Unity within Diversity
• The role of microscopy in cell visualizationPanel 1-1, Page 8 (basics)
• The fundamental basis of cell classificationEukaryotic and Prokaryotic
• The subcellular components of the eukaryotic cellPANEL 1-2, Page 25
Key concepts you need to know