bill of rights complete yesss

7/26/2019 Bill of Rights Complete Yesss

1/77

Bill of Rights

Article III of the 1987Constitution


2/77

BILL OF RIGHTS

List of the most important rights to thecitizens of a country.

Originates from Englan


3/77

KINDS OF RIGHS!

N"tur"l Rights # $n"tur"l%&ni'ers"lGi'en to ("n )* Go+

,eg"l Rights # )"se+ on societ*-scusto(s. l"/s. st"tutes or "ctions)* legisl"tures0Also c"lle+ ci'il rights or st"tutor*rights


4/77

KINDS OF RIGHS!

N"tur"l Rights # $n"tur"l%&ni'ers"lGi'en to ("n )* Go+

,eg"l Rights # )"se+ on societ*-scusto(s. l"/s. st"tutes or "ctions)* legisl"tures0Also c"lle+ ci'il rights or st"tutor*rights


5/77

SCION 10 NO 2RSON SHA,, BD2RI3D OF ,IF. ,IBR4. OR

2RO2R4 5IHO& D& 2ROCSSOF ,A5. NOR SHA,, AN4 2RSONB DNID H 6&A,

2ROCION OF H ,A5S0


6/77

Due Process


7/77

Due Process

is the leg"l reuire(ent th"tthe st"te (ust resect"ll leg"l rights th"t "re o/e+to " erson0 Due rocess

)"l"nces the o/er of l"/ ofthe l"n+ "n+ rotects thein+i'i+u"l erson fro( it05hen " go'ern(ent h"r(s "erson /ithout follo/ing the

e:"ct course of the l"/. thisconstitutes " +ue rocess'iol"tion. /hich o;en+sthe rule of l"/0


8/77

Substantive Due Process

!Reuires the intrinsic '"li+it* ofthe l"/ in interferring /ith therights of the erson to life0. li)ert*or roert*0 In short. it is "+eter(ine /hether it h"s " '"li+go'ern(ent"l o)


9/77

Procedural DueProcess

! A+heres to " rincile /hichhe"rs )efore it con+e(ns0

! 2rocee+s uon inuir* "n+ren+ers


10/77

Core Procedural Due

Process

Are the rights to notice"n+ " he"ring0 In other

/or+s. in "n* leg"l or"+(inistr"ti'e rocee+ing."n* erson /ho (ight )eneg"ti'el* ";ecte+ )* theoutco(e of the rocee+ing

h"s the right to )e tol+th"t the rocee+ing isgoing to t"=e l"ce0


11/77

PROBABLECAUSE


12/77

WHAT IS A PROBABLE

CAUSE?? ,e'el of re"son")le )elief )"se+ on f"cts th"t isreuire+ to sue " erson in ci'il court or to"rrest "n+ rosecute " erson in cri(in"l court0

? Is " reuisite for /"rr"nt "n+@or "rrest? 5or=s in t"n+e( /ith the /"rr"nt reuire(ent

? Not "n ")solute cert"int*


13/77

Probable Causeapplied in:A. CIVIL CASES +eri'"tion of roert*B. CRIMINAL CASES

)"sis for se"rching. "rresting "n+ +eri'"tion ofli)ert*

ro)")le c"use shoul+ e:ist )efore "n* rosecutionof "ccuse+ +efen+"nt

Exception of rules due to REASONABLE

SUSPICION

Level of belief less than probable cause


14/77

5HN CAN A

5ARRAN,SSSARCH RANS2IR


15/77

Section 13, Rule 126 of the Rules of Court and some casesdecided by the Supreme Court provide the instances when

search is lawful without search warrant:

!. In ti"es o# $ar $it%in t%e area o# "ilitar& operation.

'. As an incident o# a la$#ul arrest. !a person la"full# arrested $a# be searched for dan%erous "eapons oran#thin% "hich $a# have been used or constitute proof in the co$$ission

of an o&ense "ithout a search "arrant'()

re(uisites: a. arrest "ust be la$#ul

b. searc% and sei)ure "ust be conte"poraneous $it% arrest

c. searc% "ust be $it%in per"issible area

*. +%en t%ere are pro%ibited articles open to t%e e&e and

%and o# an o,cer -Plain *ie" +octrine/ re(uisites: a. prior valid intrusion based on t%e valid $arrantlessarrest in $%ic% t%e police are le0all& present in t%e pursuit o# t%eir o,cialduties

b. t%e evidence $as accidentall& discovered b& t%e police $%o %ave t%eri0%t to be $%ere t%e& are


16/77

- requisites:c. the evidence ust !e iedi"te#$ visi!#e

d. %"in vie'( )usti*ed the sei+ure , the evidence 'ith,ut "n$ urther se"rch

. When there is c,nsent 'hich is v,#unt"r$ /c,nsented se"rch0

- requisites:". there is " ri1ht!. there ust !e 2n,'#ed1e , the e3istence , such ri1ht

c. there ust !e intenti,n t, '"ive

4. When it is incident t, " #"'u# ins&ecti,n

5. Under the T"ri6 "nd Cust,s C,de ,r &ur&,ses , en,rcin1the cust,s "nd t"ri6 #"'s

7. Se"rches "nd sei+ures , vesse#s "nd "ircr"t8 e3tends t, the'"rr"nt#ess se"rch , ,t,r vehic#e ,r c,ntr"!"nd

9. When there is " v"#id re"s,n t, %st,&-"nd-ris2(- requisites:". th"t there is " &ers,n 'h, "niests sus&ici,us c,nduct

!. &,#ice ,6icer sh,u#d &r,&er#$ intr,duce hise# "nd "2e initi"# inquiries

c. the &,#ice ,6icer "&&r,"ched "nd restr"ined the &ers,n in ,rder t, chec2the #"tters ,uter c#,thin1 ,r &,ssi!#$ c,nce"#ed 'e"&,n

d. "&&rehendin1 ,6icer ust h"ve " 1enuine re"s,n t, '"rr"nt the !e#ie th"tthe &ers,n t, !e he#d h"s " 'e"&,n ,r c,ntr"!"nd c,nce"#ed "!,ut hi


17/77

5HN CAN

5ARRAN,SSARRS RANS2IR


18/77

Rule 113 of the Rules of Court provides:

Section 5 !rrest without warrant, when lawful " ! peace o#icer ora private person may, without a warrant, arrest a person:

"0 When; in his &resence; the &ers,n t, !e "rrested h"s c,itted; is"ctu"##$ c,ittin1 ,r is "tte&tin1 t, c,it "n ,6ense8

!0 When "n ,6ense h"s )ust !een c,itted "nd he h"s " &r,!"!#e

c"use t, !e#ieve !"sed ,n &ers,n"# 2n,'#ed1e , "cts ,rcircust"nces th"t the &ers,n t, !e "rrested h"s c,itted it8"nd

c0 When the &ers,n t, !e "rrested is " &ris,ner 'h, h"s esc"&edr, &en"# est"!#ishent ,r " "ce 'here his c"se is &endin1; ,rh"s esc"&ed 'hi#e !ein1 tr"nserred r, ,ne c,n*neent t,"n,ther.

Section 3 $1% &rivacy of communication and correspondence shallbe inviolable e'cept upon lawful order of the court, or when publicsafety or order re(uires otherwise, as prescribed by law


19/77


20/77

1%e Ri0%t to Privac&


21/77

Privac&

!C"n )e +e>ne+ "s " fun+"(ent"l hu("nright0!C"n )e foun+ in the 198 &ni'ers"l

Decl"r"tion of Hu("n Rights0!Article 1E st"tes $No one shoul+ )esu)


22/77

2ruit o# t%e Poisonous 1ree

is a legal metaphor used to describe evidencethat isobtained illegally.[1]The logic of the terminology is that if the

source (the "tree") of the evidence or evidence itself is

tainted, then anything gained (the "fruit") from it is tainted as

well.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit_of_the_poisonous_treehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit_of_the_poisonous_treehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence


23/77

Anti/ +iretappin0 La$


24/77

Anti 5iret"ing ,"/. R0A0E

his l"/ see=s to unish /iret"ing"n+ other rel"te+ 'iol"tions of the right

to ri'"c* of co((unic"tion0

his l"/ /"s "sse+ in the Congress in

190

D th A ti 5i t i ,


25/77

Does the Anti 5iret"ing ,"/rohi)it the recor+ing of "ll

co((unic"tions

! No0 he l"/ rohi)its the recor+ing "n+intercetion onl* of ri'"te

co((unic"tions0


26/77

O;enses th"t "re unishe+ )* theAnti 5iret"ing ,"/

" +iretappin0 or usin0 an& ot%er device orarran0e"ent to secretl& over%ear3 intercept orrecord a private co""unication or spo4en $ord.

" Possessin0 an& tape3 $ire3 disc or ot%er record3or copies3 o# an ille0all& obtained recordin0 o# aprivate co""unication.

Section ,) No la" shall be passed abrid%in% thefreedo$ of speech- of expression- or of the

press- or the ri%ht of the people peaceabl# toasse$ble and petition the %overn$ent forredress of %rievances)


27/77

Free+o( fro( 2rior Restr"int

! 2reedo" #ro" prior restraint

is lar0el& #reedo" #ro"0overn"ent censors%ip o#publications.


28/77

:tr" leg"l censorshi

! 2rior restr"int on u)lic"tion orcircul"tion of ("ss (e+i" e;ecte+through e:tr" leg"l "cts of u)lic

oci"ls "t the inst"nce of ri'"tegrous constitutes interference /iththe free+o( of e:ression "n+ ("*

)e re(e+ie+ )* the courts0


29/77

Con+itions


30/77

2u)lic"tions e:e(t fro(

2unish(ent

!.Privile0ed "atters

'. Matters o# le0iti"ate public concern andinterest.

*. Discussion or advocac& o# novel5 alien

doctrines as lon0 as t%e utterancedoesn6t s%o$ an& si0n o# 7clear andpresent dan0er8 to national securit& o#public order.

9. Narration o# #acts5 ction in literaror"3 so lon0 as t%e sa"e are notpatentl& o;ensive or so appealin0 to t%eprurient interest as to be obscene.


31/77

Ancill"r* rights of ("ss(e+i"

Free+o( of the ress h"s )een hel+

to inclu+e not (erel* free +iscussion

)ut "lso e'er* "ccessor* right

essenti"l to this urose0


32/77

Access to u)lic recor+s

he ("ss (e+i". through their

"rori"te reresent"ti'es. h"'e "

co((onl"/ right to insect u)lic

recor+s for the urose of securing

infor("tion or +"t" for u)lic"tion0


33/77

Access to u)licrocee+ings

he ("ss (e+i". through their

reresent"ti'es. sh"re the right of the

gener"l u)lic to )e resent in u)lic

rocee+ings. inclu+ing court tri"ls.

legisl"ti'e sessions "n+ the li=e0


34/77

Free+o( of Asse()l*

he l"/s of "sse()l* ho/ "n+ /hen

eole c"n g"ther to eng"ge in "

collecti'e. e"ce")le "cti'ities of

citiJenshi gre"tl* inuence the

("teri"l con+itions ossi)le for ci'ic

life0


35/77

Le"ning of Religion

Accor+ing to Concise O:for+

Diction"r*. religion is the )elief in

"n+ /orshi of " suerhu("n

controlling o/er. eseci"ll* "

erson"l Go+ or go+s0


36/77

he Right to Org"niJe "n+B"rg"in Collecti'el*


37/77

he Right to Org"niJe "n+ B"rg"in

Collecti'el*! 2rocess of negoti"tion )et/een e(lo*ees. e(lo*ers.

coror"tions "i(e+ "t "gree(ents reg"r+ing /or=0# Me:0 S"l"r*. Contr"ct. etc0

! ,")or Co+e ro'i+es for this right for e(lo*ees )othin the ri'"te sector "n+ in go'ern(ento/ne+ orcontrolle+ coror"tions0

! Su)


38/77


39/77

! Section 9.#

Private property shall not be taken forpublic use without just compensation0

$Reg"li"n Doctrine%

All l"n+s of the u)lic +o("in )elong to

the st"te0(inent Do("in

Con+e(n"tion

2rocee+ing to t"=e roert* un+er e(inent +o("in0hree con+itions!10 $"=ing of the l"n+ is +ul* for the )ene>t of the u)lic0

E0 2"*(ent of ust Co(ens"tion

P0 O)ser'"nce of the +ue rocess of l"/ in the t"=ing0


40/77

! Section 10.

# No law impairing the obligation of contracts shallbe passed0

O)lig"tion of contr"cts is the leg"l +ut* of thecontr"ctors to ful>ll the ro(ise st"te+ in thecontr"ct0

5hen is o)lig"tion of contr"ct i("ire+

It is i("ire+ /hen its ter(s or con+itions "rech"nge+ )* l"/ or )* " "rt* /ithout the consentof the other0


41/77

he Rights of the Accuse+

he 1987 Constitution st"tes th"t sections

11EE of Art0 III "s rights correson+ing tothe Rights of the Accuse+0


42/77


43/77

! he resu(tion of innocence# ,"tin! $i incumbit probatio !ui dicit"

non !ui negat#

# $he )ur+en of roof is on he /ho+ecl"res. not on he /ho +enies%0

his is the rincile th"t one is consi+ere+

innocent until ro'en guilt*0


44/77

Constitution"l Rights of the

Accuse+ in cri(in"l c"ses10he right to "+eu"te leg"l "ssist"nce

E0 he right. /hen un+er in'estig"tion for the co((ission for"n o;ense. to )e infor(e+ of his right "n+ to re("in silent

"n+ to h"'e counselP0 he right "g"inst the use of torture. force. 'iolence. thre"t.

inti(i+"tion "n+ other (e"ns /hich 'iti"tes the free /ill

0 he right "g"inst )eing hel+ in secret. inco((unic"+o. orsi(il"r for(s of solit"ire +etention

0 he right to )"il "n+ "g"inst e:cessi'e )"il0 he right to +ue rocess of l"/

70 he right to resu(tion of innocence

80 he right to )e he"r+ )* hi(self "n+ counsel


45/77

90 he right to )e infor(e+ of the n"ture "n+ c"use of the"ccus"tion "g"inst hi(

10he right to h"'e " see+*. i("rti"l. u)lic tri"l110he right to (eet the /itnesses f"ce to f"ceQ

1E0he right to h"'e co(ulsor* rocess to secure the"tten+"nce of /itnesses "n+ the ro+uction of e'i+ence inhis )eh"lfQ

1P0he right "g"inst selfincri(in"tionQ10he right "g"inst +etention )* re"son of olitic"l )eliefs

"n+ "sir"tionsQ

10he right "g"inst e:cessi'e >nesQ

10he right "g"inst cruel. +egr"+ing or inhu("n unish(entQ

170he right "g"inst iniction of the +e"th en"lt* e:cet forheinous cri(es

180he right "g"inst +ou)le


46/77

! Section 11.# $ree access to the courts and !uasi%judicial

bodies and ade!uate legal assistance shall notbe denied to any person by reason of poverty0

R0A0 9999 Free ,eg"l Assist"nce Act

Ai(s to ro'i+e free leg"l "ssist"nce to theoor0

R0A0 9 # 2AO ,A5

2u)lic Attorne*-s Oce


47/77

2AO # 2u)lic Attorne*-s

OceReu)lic Act No0 9 M2AO

,A5


48/77

$An Act Reorg"niJing "n+

Strengthening the 2u)lic Attorne*-sOce M2AO. A(en+ing for the2urose 2ertinent 2ro'isions of

:ecuti'e Or+er No0 E9E Other/iseKno/n "s $he A+(inistr"ti'e Co+eof 1897%. As A(en+e+. Gr"nting

Seci"l Allo/"nce to 2AO Oci"ls"n+ ,"/*ers "n+ 2ro'i+ing Fun+sherefore0%


49/77

2AO O)


50/77

Section 1E0 M1 An* erson un+erin'estig"tion for the co((ission of"n o;ense sh"ll h"'e the right to einfor(e+ of his right to re("insilent "n+ to h"'e co(etent "n+in+een+ent counsel refer")l* ofhis o/n choice0 If the erson

c"nnot ";or+ the ser'ices ofcounsel. he (ust )e ro'i+e+


51/77

Lir"n+" Rights

10 Right to re("in silentE0 Consult /ith "n "ttorne*P0 2u)lic "ttorne*


52/77

Section 1P0 All ersons. e:cetthose ch"rge+ /ith o;ensesunish")le )* reclusion eretu"

/hen e'i+ence of guilt is strongsh"ll. )efore con'iction. )e )"il")le)* sucient sureties . or )e

rele"se+ on recogniJ"nce "s ("*)e ro'i+e+ )* l"/0

E In "ll cri(in"l rosecutions the


53/77

E0 In "ll cri(in"l rosecutions. the"ccuse+ sh"ll )e resu(e+innocent until the contr"r* is

ro'e+. "n+ sh"ll en


54/77

Section 1Article III of the 1987 Constitution

st"tes th"t $the ri'ilege of the /ritof h")e"s corus sh"ll not )esusen+e+ e:cet in c"ses ofre)ellion /hen the u)lic s"fet*

reuires it%0


55/77

Section 1All ersons sh"ll h"'e the right to

" see+* +isosition of their c"ses)efore "ll


56/77

Section 17No erson sh"ll )e co(elle+ to

)e " /itness "g"inst hi(self0

Section 18


57/77

Section 18Article 3II of the s"(e Constitution

ro'i+es th"t the susension of theri'ilege of the /rite is one of the(ilit"r* o/ers of the 2resi+ent.(e"ning th"t


58/77

Section 18 M1 No erson sh"ll )e +et"ine+solel* )* re"son of his olitic"l)eliefs "n+ "sir"tions0

ME No in'olunt"r* ser'itu+e in"n* for( sh"ll e:ist e:cet "s "unish(ent for " cri(e /hereof the

"rt* sh"ll h"'e )een +ul*con'icte+


59/77

Section 19

1 :cessi'e >nes sh"ll not )ei(ose+. nor cruel. +egr"+ing orinhu("n unish(ent inicte+0Neither sh"ll +e"th en"lt* )ei(ose+. unless. for co(ellingre"sons in'ol'ing heinous cri(es.the Congress here"fter ro'i+es for

it0 An* +e"th en"lt* "lre"+*i(ose+ sh"ll )e re+uce+ +ue toreclusion eretu"0


60/77

E he e(lo*(ent of h*sic"l.s*chologic"l. or +egr"+ingunish(ent "g"inst "n* risoner or+et"inee or the use of su)st"n+"r+or in"+eu"te en"l f"cilities un+ersu)hu("n con+itions sh"ll )e +e"lt

/ith )* the l"/0


61/77

Section E

Article III0 No erson sh"ll )ei(risone+ for +e)t or non"*(entof " oll t":0


62/77

2oll t":Non Pa&"ent o# ta


63/77

2oll ":

! Is " t": of unifor( "(ount le'ie+ uon e'er* "+ultin "ccor+"nce /ith the census "n+ /ithout reg"r+ toinco(e. occu"tion. or "n* ro:* for ")ilit* to "*0

! As rescri)e+ in :o+us MP! 111 e/ish l"/i(ose+ " oll t": of h"lfshe=el. "*")le )* e'er*("n ")o'e the "ge of t/ent* Mthe rich sh"ll not"* (ore "n+ the oor sh"ll not "* less0

! 2oll ": /"s use+ in the &nite+ St"tes to+isenfr"nchise Afric"n A(eric"ns "n+ oor 5hites


64/77

Dou)le

eo"r+*


65/77


66/77


67/77

S"(e o;enses

! One of the reuisites for " '"li++efense is th"t the secon+ rst

! Se:u"l h"r"ss(ent@R"e

! Ro))er*@Burgl"r*

! Lur+er@L"nsl"ughter


68/77


69/77

Section EE! No e: ost f"cto l"/ or )ill of "tt"in+er sh"ll )e

en"cte+

: ost f"cto ,"tin for "fter the f"ct. /hich refersto l"/s "+ote+ "fter "n "ct is co((itte+ ("=ing it

illeg"l "lthough it /"s leg"l /hen +one. orincre"ses the en"lt* for " cri(e "fter it isco((itte+0

he C*)ercri(e 2re'ention Act of E1E is the >rstl"/ in the 2hiliines /hich seci>c"ll* cri(in"liJesco(uter cri(e. /hich rior to the "ss"ge of thel"/ h"+ no strong leg"l rece+ent in 2hiliine


70/77

x Post Facto

Law

is " l"/th"tretro"cti'el* ch"ngesthe leg"l conseuencesMor st"tus of "ctionsth"t /ere co((itte+. orrel"tionshis th"t

e:iste+. )efore theen"ct(ent of the l"/0
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law


71/77

C%aracteristics o# E< Post2acto La$

M" Lust refer tocri(in"l ("tters

M) 2re


72/77

InLacson v. E


73/77

In Calder v. Bull. the Courts"i+ th"t /hen the l"/ "ltersthe leg"l rules of e'i+ence or(o+e of tri"l. it is "n e: ostf"cto l"/0 :cetion! MBe"Jell'0 Ohio unless the ch"ngesoer"te onl* in li(ite+ "n+

unsu)st"nti"l ("nner to the+is"+'"nt"ge of the "ccuse+0


74/77

In Ba&ot v. Sandi0anba&an. the"ccuse+ /"s con'icte+ )* theS"n+ig"n)"*"n for est"f" on L"* P.1980 Accuse+ "e"le+0 On L"rch 1.198E. B2 Blg0 19 /"s "sse+"uthoriJing susension of u)lic ocers

"g"inst /ho( "n infor("tion ("* )een+ing "t "n* st"ge0 On ul* EE. 198E.the court susen+e+ the "ccuse+0 heSure(e Court rule+ th"t Art0 E of theRe'ise+ 2en"l Co+e th"t susension of"n ocer +uring tri"l sh"ll not )econsi+ere+ " en"lt*0 he susension in

the c"se is (erel* " re'enti'e "n+ not" en"l (e"sure /hich therefore +oesnot co(e un+er the e: ost f"ctorohi)ition0


75/77

Bill o# AttainderA legisl"ti'e "ct /hich inicts

unish(ent /ithout


76/77

Ele"ents o# Bill o# Attainder

! 10 here (ust )e " l"/0

! E0 he l"/ i(oses " en"l )ur+en on "

n"(e+ in+i'i+u"l or e"sil* "scert"in")le(e()ers of " grou0

! P0 here is " +irect i(osition of en"l)ur+en /ithout


77/77

RI>?1 1@ C@NSEL

C"se of ose 5"l"ngt"=ot

RI>?1 1@ C@NSEL

C"se of un ,otero

CS1@DIAL INVES1I>A1I@N

C"se of All"n L0

SEL2 INCRIMINA1I@N

bill of rights complete yesss

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