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IntheWeeds

BeyondtheObvious:StateDrugTestingCompliance

PresenterBillJudge,JD,LLM

ChiefResearchOfficerEncompassComplianceCorp.DATIA2017AnnualConference

� 40YearsofWorkplaceDrugandAlcoholTesting.

� Approximately45milliontestsdoneeachyear.

� Managementofprogramsbecomesmorecomplicatedeveryyear.

Overview

StateCompliance

Employer

MarijuanaIssues

Workers’CompensationOpportunities

ADA1

&Rx/AlcoholOSHA2

KeyAgencyDecisions

Unemployment

FederalRules

NLRB3

(Unions)

KeyCourtCases

1 ADA:American’swithDisabilitiesAct2 OSHA:OccupationalSafety&HealthAdministration3 NLRB:NationalLaborRelationsBoard

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Patchwork of Compliance

Definethe“character”ofthestatesinwhichyouoperate.

1. Mandatory,meaningifyouwishtoconductdrugtestingyoumustdosoperstaterules.

2. Voluntary,meaningifyouwantthebenefitsprovidedbyastatelaworprogramyoumusttestperrules.

3. Required,meaningifyouhavecertainjobfunctionsyoumusttest.4. Immunity,meaningyou’reinoneofthe4statesthatprovideimmunity

fromliabilityprovidedyoutestedasrequired.5. Marijuana,meaningastateauthorizingmedical/personaluseof

marijuana.6. Open,meaningtherearenorules.

Mandatory

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22MandatoryStates

AZ CA CTDE HI IALA MA MDME MN MTNE NC NJNV NY OKOR RI VT

WV

Voluntary

18statesWorkers’CompRebuttablePresumptionofIntoxication

AL KS OHAR LA OKCO MO TNFL NC TXGA ND UTIL NV VA

…andnowIowa

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15statesprovideaworkers’compensationpremium

discountforemployersthatcomplywithspecificrules.

THATISMONEYTHATCANBEADDEDTOYOURCOMPANY’S

BOTTOMLINE!

WhatistheLaw?

Before we go any further . . .

What is the Law?Thelawconsistsof...

�Legislation

�Regulations

�Court or Agency Decisions

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DidYouKnow?

• 7 states limit discipline (IA, ME, MN, OH, PR, RI, VT)

• 11 states & 2 cities limit or prohibit random tests (AK, CA, CT, ME, MA, MN, MT, NJ, RI, VT, WV – Boulder, CO & San Francisco, CA)

• 6 states (1 city) prohibit observed collections (CT, ME, PR, RI, VT, Boulder, CO)

• 18 states & 2 cities require a split/retest opportunity (AL, ID, IA, LA, ME, MD, MN, MS, MT, NC, OH, OK, PR, RI, TN, VT, WI, Boulder, CO & WA D.C.)

• 14 states and 1 city limit/prohibit hair testing (AK, AR, CA, CT, IA, KS, MN, NE, OH, PR, TN, TX, VT, WY & WA D.C.)

• 7 states specifically permit hair testing (FL, LA, MD, NV, NC, OK, UT.)

Some Compliance

Requirements

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Morestatistics?YUCK!

• 5 states and 2 cities do not allow post-accident testing (CT, ME, RI, VT, WV, San Francisco, CA & Boulder, CO)

• 16 states specify timing to request split test (AL, AK, AR, FL, GA, HI, IA, LA, ME, MN, MS, MT, OK, RI, TN, VT)

• Different cutoff levels (e.g. FL, HI, KS, ME, MN, OK)

• Requires Employer to pay for split/retest (RI, San Francisco, CA)

• Collector must be registered with the state and pay a fee (MD, OK, OR)

• Prohibits breath tests (e.g. FL, MD, MN)

These arejust a

sample of compliance

requirements

MarijuanaLaws

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AK FL MI NMAR HI MN NYAZ IL MT OHCA LA ND ORCO ME NV PACT MD NH RIDE MA NJ VTWA WashingtonD.C.

29StatesCurrentlyAuthorizingMedicalMarijuanaUse

PersonalMarijuanaUse

AK MECA NVCO ORMA WAWAD.C.

8stateshaveauthorizedpersonaluseofmarijuanaforthoseaged21.

AZ MECT MNDE PAIL RI

8STATESLimitEmploymentActionBasedon

STATUS

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AZ MNCT NHDE NYIL OH

In8StatesEmployercantakeemploymentactionifEmployeeUsesorisUndertheInfluence

atwork.

AK MT ORCO NH PAME NJ RIMI OH WA

*NV&NYmayneedtoaccommodate

12STATESEmployerneedNOT accommodate

Useatwork

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Per Se Intoxication Laws

Beginning in 1990 states began passing “per se” intoxication laws. In the following 19 states any trace amount of an illicit drug is considered presumptive intoxication:

AZ KY OH WIDE MI PAGA MN RIIL MS UT

IN NV VAIA NC WA

Six states have passed per se “threshold” laws. These laws vary somewhat but the states and their presumptive intoxicated levels are:

CO (5ng/mL) NV (2ng/mL) PA (1ng/mL)MT (5ng/mL) OH (2ng/mL) WA (5ng/mL)

Justafewspecificstatelawoddities…

� Limits Random

� Must give warning re: medicine purchased out of US.

� Never allow applicant to begin work before test results are back – may be illegal random.

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� Accident does not include “soft tissue” injuries.

� Must give notice of positive by certified mail, return receipt requested.

� Can’t fire certain individuals with alcohol positive.

� Must conduct annual supervisory training.

� Retest required at original confirmatory levels.

� Must use a lab.

� Can’t terminate for first positive.

� CBA must meet minimum statutory requirements.

� Law applies to MN ERs even if EE working out of state.

� ER may only test schedule I, II, or III drugs.

� Not eligible for workers’ compensation if positive or refuse test.

� Follow-up test limited to 2 years.

� Applicants as well as EEs can request a split test.

� Only qualified individuals may collect a sample.

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ContinuetheConversation

WilliamJ.Judge,JD,LLMEncompassCompliance,Corp.support@encompinc.com

www.encompinc.com