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Index

Abkhazia/ Abkhazis 111 Acadia 95 Action Fram;aise 75 Adorno, T. 24 affirmative action (positive dis­

crimination) 60, 64-5, 78, 99-100, 103, 125, 143-4

Afghanistan 120 Africa 47,56-7,59,76,98-9,

117, 121, 123-9, 136-8, 141-4, 166-7

African National Congress (ANC) 55, 126-9, 141-2

Afrikaner Resistance Movement 127

Afrikaners 9, 25, 55, 76, 126-30 Afro-Americans, see blacks 'Age of Nationalism' 22, 29, Albanians (in Yugoslavia) 114-

15 Alderman, G. 101 Algeria/ Algerians 29, 56, 58,

76 Alter, P. 74, 135 'American Dream' 100 American nation 133 Americans 76, see also United

States Anderson, B. 38, 45-9 Andalusia 87 Andropov, Y. 108 Anglican Church 101 anglicisation 59, 70 'Anglo-Irish Agreement' (1985)

147 anti-Semitism 32, 101, 107, 130 anti-colonialism 76-7, 110,

118, 124, see also nationalism (anti-colonial)

Anwar, M. 101

Apartheid 32, 64-5, 126-9, 136, 163

Arab League 141 Arabs 16, 129-32, 141, 147, 157 Arana, S. 28 Arasaratnam, S. 122 Armenia 4, 26, 48, 83, 107-8,

110- 12 ascriptive characteristics 142, 162 Asia 47, 56, 59, 76, 107, 117-23,

129-31, 136-44, 166-7 Asians (in Britain, USA) 98-

105; (in South Africa) 126-9 assimilation 65, 70, 101, 133, 139,

169 Australia 76, 166 Austria 136, 142 Austro-Hungarian Empire/ Aus-

trian 16, 146, 150 Austro-Marxists 106 autonomy 137, 140, see also

devolution, federalism, decen­tralisation

Azanian People's Organisation {AZAPO) 127

Azerbaijan 1, 107, 111-12, 122

Balfour Declaration {1917) 22, 129-30

balkanisation 116 Baltic nations, see Estonia, Latvia,

Lithuania Banac, I. 28, 114 Bandaranaike-Chelvanayakam

Pact (1957) 122 Bangladesh 120 Banton, M. 100 Barth, K. 13 Basques/Euskadi 18, 28, 57, 63,

179

180 Index

70,75,81-3,86,88-9, 91-3, 132, 152, 154, 166-7

Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) 89,93

Bavaria 74 Belgium 12, 31, 44, 55, 69, 63,

70,77,81,90-1,93-4, 136-40, 142-4, 167

Bengal 119 Berki, R. 37 Berry, C. J. 23, 30 Biafra 84, 124, 166 bilingualism 12, 96, 162 biology 10-19, 75, 160-3, see

also sociobiology Birch, A. 135 Black African nationalism 99,

123- 9, 141-2 Black Moslems 102 Black nationalism (US)/Black

Panthers I Black Power 99-100, 133

Blacks 58, 64, 98-105 (in South Africa) 117, 126-9, 136, 141-2

Black Section (British Labour Party) 102-3

Black vote (UK/US) 101-5 BoerWar 126 Bosnia/Bosnia-Hercegovina 16, 28 Brass, P. 36, 46, 84 Bretons/Brittany 29, 86-7, 92 Breuilly, J. 36, 159 Britain/British/British Empire 9,

14-16,21,30-2,39-40, 42,44,52,56-7,59-60, 62-3,65,70,76-7,85-6, 93,98-105,111,118,136-7, 141, 146-7, 149, 151-5, 157-8, 164

British army 69, 121-2 British nation 133 British National Party 86, 104 Brittany, see Bretons/Brittany broadcasting 68, 80 Brussels 140 Buddhists 26 Bulgaria 74

Burma 1,120 Burns, Robert 8 Bush, G. 103 Buthelezi, Chief 128

Callaghan, J. 85 Canada 12,60, 76,94-7,136,

139- 40, 144, 166 capitalism 57, 61 Caribbean (immigrants) 98, 103 caste 32, 119 Castilians 57 Catalan/Catalonia 17-18, 57,

63, 70,74,81-3,86,88-90, 92-3, 132, 140, 154, 166-7

Catholics, see Roman Catholics Caucasus 107 centralisation 68, 93-4, 102,

113-14, 133, 163 centre-periphery relations, see core-

periphery Ceylon 118, see also Sri Lanka Chad 124 chauvinism 32 China 75, 120 Chinese (in Malaysia) 136 Chinese Exclusion Act (1882; US)

104 Christianity 123-4 Christian Social Party (Belgium)

90 churches, see religion citizenship 18, 29, 73-4, 99-

100, 150-2 civil rights 94, 98-9, 100, 103,

105 class voting 65, 80 class 40,43-4,61-2,64-7,

70-1,80,82,101,118,147, 159, 165-6

Cold War 146 colonialism 44, 56, 61-2, 123-

4, 146, see also imperialism colonial (settler) nationalism 131,

166 'coloureds' (South Africa) 128, 136 communalism/ communal politics

53, 73, 77, 117-131, 166-7

communism 106-16, 137, 166 Communist party of the Soviet

Index

Union (CPSU) 58, 83, 108-13 confederalism 60, 154 Connor, W. 106 consensus democracy 135 Conservative Party (Britain) 65,

101, 103-4 Conservative Party (South Africa)

127 consociational democracy ( conso­

ciationalism) 7, 53-5,57,60-1,63,77-8,116,122-3,125, 128, 130, 133-45, 168-9

consumerism 53, 57-9 Convergence and Unity Party (CiU)

89-90 core nation 112 core-periphery relations 41 Corsica 29, 70, 75, 92, 154 cosmopolitanism 67-8, 70-1 Creoles 47 Croatia/Croats 16, 28, 114-16 cultural division of labour 7, 40-

1,44-5,57-8,62,64,66, 70, 80, 110, 112-14, 122, 132, 164-5

cultural nationalism 52, 69, 71, 79-80,93,112,167

cultural pluralism 7, 44, 53, 58, 60, 77, 123, 135-45, 168, see also multicultural society

culture 51-4,35,37,66-71, 73,80,151

Cyprus 144 Czechoslovakia 26, 83

Dawkins, R. 10 decentralisation 58, 60, 91, 94, 97,

102, 109, 114, 137, 143, 167 de Clerk, F. W. 128 de Gaulle, C. 153 Declaration of Arbroath (1320)

23-8 democracy 87, 94, 135-42,

163-4 Democratic Party (South Africa)

127, 141

Democratic Party (US) 103 Denmark/Danes 153

181

deprivation see relative deprivation Deutsch, K. 37-9, 45, 153 devolution 61, 63, 78, 85, 91, 94,

122-3, 137, 143, 168 diaspora (Jewish) 73, 130 diffusion theory 39 discrimination 13, 60, 64, 100, 104,

143, see also affirmative action divided socieites, see cultural plu-

ralism Dogan, M. 68 Dukakis, M. 103 Dutch Empire 76

economic nationalism 79 economy (and nationalism) 60-6 Eddy, J. (and D. Schreuder) 126 education 80, 164 Educational Institute of Scotland 70 Eelam 121 Eelam People's Revolutionary

Liberation Front (EPRLF) 123 Egypt 16,75 elections 87-92,94-7, 101,

103-4, 109, 115, 165-6 elites 81, 113, 116, 122, 124, 133,

137 empires 56, 58, 117, 120-1, 123,

133, 146, see also imperialism, colonialism

Engels, F. 106 England/English 5, 14-16,21,

23,26,39-40,42,44,52, 59, 62-3,69-70,72-3,101, 166

English nationalism 149-50 Enloe, C. 64 environmental pollution 132, 165 Equality Party 96 Estonia/Estonians 63, 83, 107,

111-3 12, 132-3, 150 ETA 92-3, 167 ethnic group (definition) 3, 100; ethnic group(s) 4, 6, 14, 48-9,

98- 105, 111, 118-31, 137-45, 148

182

ethnic groups and foreign policy 156-8

ethnic nation (definition) 3; 5, 98, 131

ethnic nationalism (definition) 51; 53, 122, 125, 130, 148-51, 164, 167

ethnic origins of nations 48-50, 72

ethnic politics (definition) 5; 6, 18, 64,72-85,98-105,132-4

ethnicity (definition) 5, 121; 3, 5,48-50,51,65,136-45, 147-8

ethnicity 160, 163 ethnocentrism (definition) 5; 4,

5, 10-1, 13-4, 19-21, 32,34-6,50,83, 144,148, 154-6, 160-3

ethnonational I ethnonationalism 3, 16,51

European Community 93, 115-16, 147-8, 152-4, 169

European Movement 153 European Union 164 Europe of the Regions 154 Euskadiko Eskerra 89 Eusko Alkatasuna 89 Evans, Gwynfor 69 exclusive nationalism 27, 51, 73,

123, 129-31, 135, 149

Falkland Islanders 9 false consciousness 36, 47, fascism 32, 75, 135, 163 federalism 61, 63, 77,95-7, 106,

108, 114-16, 120, 123, 125, 137, 143, 168-9

Fenianism 92 feudalism 42 Fichte, J. 31 Fiji 120, 139-40, 167 First World War 56, 149-50 Fishman, J. 161 Fitzmaurice, J. 95 Flemings 55, 63, 70, 77, 81, 86,

90-1,94,138,140,166 FNLC (Corsica) 167

Index

football (nationalism in) 21 Forbes, H. D. 24 foreign policy 146-58 France/French/French Empire 28,

31,56, 72-3,76-7,86, 91-4,98,136,151,154-5, 157, 166

Franco, General 75, 82, 89, 93 French Revolution 27, 28, 30-1,

72, 163 Frenchlanguage 12 Front pour Ia Liberation du Quebec

(FLQ) 95, 167

Gaelic 39 Galicia 18, 86 Gaza strip 129-30 Gellner, E. 1, 23, 29, 32, 35,

37-8,41-6,48-9,61, 66-7,97

genocide 15, 32, 77, 161 George I 42 Georgia (USSR) 26, 107-13,

122 German/Germany 14, 30-32,

42,74-5, 77,86, 98,110, 146-7, 150-2, 154, 166

Ghana 166 glasnost 58, 108, 112 Glazer, N. 100 Gorbachev, M. 58, 60, 85, 107-

13, 156 Great Russian Chauvinism 106 Greater Serbian nationalism 114-

16 Greece 31, 74 Green parties 65, 78, 93, 165 Greenberg, S. B. 28, 37, 61, 80,

126 Group Areas Act (South

Africa) 128 'guest workers' 98 Gurkha National Liberation Front

119

Haas, E. 152 Halliday, F. (and Alavi) 147

Hamilton, W. D. 10 Harding, N. 106 Hausa-Fulani 124 Havel, V. 83 Hechter, M. 38, 40-1, 44, 80 Herder, J. 31 Herri Batasuna 82, 89, 93 Herzl, T. 129 Hindi 120 Hindus 26, 118-23 Hispanics (in USA) 98, 103 Hitler, A. 75, 156 holocaust 130, 156 Hobsbawm, E. 98, 106, 135 Hong Kong 152 Horowitz, D. L. 1, 118-9, 121-

2, 135, 142-4, 168 Hroch, M. 79 Hughes, A. 124 human nature 8-19, 50, 144,

160-1 Hungary 26, 31, 152 Hussein, Saddam 120 Hyderabad 119

Ibos/Biafra 28, 84, 124 identity (national/ethnic) 15-19,

29,52-4,57,59,64,67,69-70,83,97, 101-2,118-31, 162-3

ideology (of nationalism), see nationalism (as ideology)

immigrant nation 133 immigrant workers/ immigration

83,98,100-5,110,113-14, 132, 150-2, 158, 165, see also migrant workers

imperialism 32, 46-7, 58, 73, 110, 124, 148

inclusive fitness 10, 161 India/Indians 28, 64, 77, 111,

118-23, 143, 147, 166 Indian National Congress 118 Indians in Britain 98-105 Indians in Canada 139 Indians in Fiji 139 Indians in South Africa 128 Indochina 120

Index 183

industrialisation 42, 46, 49, 66-7, 97, 113, 123, 132, 163-4

Inglehart, R. 44, 57, 66, 93 ingroup/ outgroup hostility 12-

13, 19, 162, 165 Inkatha movement 128, 141-2 integral nationalism, see nationalism

(integral) integration/integration theory 7,

93, 152-3, 169 Interfront (USSR) 107 internal colonialism 37, 39-41,

44,56-7,59,61-2,80, 95, 110, 113-14, 126, 132, 136

internationalism 148, 152-4, 169, see also supranationalism

international relations 7, 34, 84, 93, 102, 110, 127, 131, 146-58, 167, 169-70

Intifada 130 IRA (Irish Republican Army) 92,

139-41, 147, 157-8, 167 Iran 48, 112, 120, 141, 147 Iran, see also Persia Iran-Iraq war 120 Iraq 120-1, 141, 147 Ireland/Irish 5, 14-15, 31, 40,

48,52,58-9,74,81,86,92-3,98, 140,146-7,149-51, 153-4, 157, 166-7

Irish in USA 141 Irish Nationalists/Republicans 94,

130 Irish vote (Britain) 101 irredentism 75, 149, 157 Isaacs, H. R. 1 Islam, see Moslems/Islam Islamic Party of Britain 102 bmcl 9,n,~.~.~.n.~,

102, 117, 129-31, 141, 147, 151-2, 156-7, 166-7

Italians/Italy 30, 32, 74-5, 98, 136, 146, 166

Janatha Vimukhti Perumana (Sri Lanka) 122

Japan 75, 119, 152, 156-7, 161

184

Jewish vote (UK/US) 101; Jewish lobby (US) 131, 156-7

Jews 9, 22, 25, 72-3, 76, 102, 129- 31, 151, 163

Jordan 121 Jura 86, 92, 138

Karachi 119 Kashmir 1, 121, 147, 166 Kazakhstan 107, 109 Keating, M. 82, 87, 159 Kedourie, E. 135 Kennedy, E. 157 Kenya 28 Kenyatta, J. 28 Khalistan 119-120 Kikuyu 28 Kilson, M. 103 kin group 9-14, 162 kin selection 10-11, 20, 161 Kohn, H. 4, 22, 49 Korean War 98 Kosovo 28, 114-16 Ku Klux Klan 102 Kurds 51, 120, 147 Kuweit 147

Labour Party (Britain) 65, 88, 91, 97, 101-4

Landsbergis, V. 83 language 1-2, 18, 29, 42,45-7,

49,69, 75, 78,80,90,94-7, 110-5, 118-9, 121-3, 161-4

Laponce, J. 12, 96 Latin America 47, 59, 76, 117, 166 Latin 42 Latvia/Latvians 51, 63, 83, 107-

13, 132-3, 150 Law of Return (Israel) 131, 151 League of Nations 56, 129, 152 Lebanon 77, 120, 122, 136, 138-

9, 141, 144 Lenin, V. 56, 60, 106, 108 liberalism 29, 74-5, 85, 100, 107 Liberal Party (Belgium) 90 Liberal Party (Britain) 101

Index

Liberal Party (Canada) 94-7 Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam

(Tamil Tigers) 55, 121-3 Libya 121 Lijphart, A. 128, 135-9, 141-

2, 168 Linz, J. 17-8 Lithuania/Lithuanians 63, 83, 107,

109-10, 112, 132-3, 150, 167

Lutheran 112 Luxemburg, R. 106

Macedonians 28, 115 Malays/Malaysia 28, 77, 120,

136- 9, 143-4 Mandela, N. 127 Manor, J. 123 Marx, K. 106 Marxism/marxists 2, 29, 34, 36-

8,41,44,61,84,159 Mass Democratic Movement (South

Africa) 127 Mayall, J. 146 Mazzini, G. 30-2 McAuley, M. 106 McGarry, J. (and Noel) 141-2 McRae K. 136 Meech Lake Accord 96 'melting-pot'(US) 100, 105 Mezzogiorno (Italy) 87 Middle East 117, 129-32 migrant workers 64, 113, 119, see

also immigrant workers Miles, R. 64, 100, 104 Mill, J. S. 30-2 Milosevic, S. 115 Minogue, K. 135 minorities (ethnic/national) 13-

4,98-105,135-45,149-50, 152

Mitrany, D. 152 modernisation 37, 39, 45-6, 75,

95,97 Moldavia 107-8, 111 Montenegrins 28 Mormons 25 Moslems/Islam 15, 16, 26, 28,

29,48,98, 112,118,120-1, 123-4, 136, 139, 141, 147

Motyl, A. 111 Moynihan, D. 100 Mughan, A. 63 Mulroney, B. 96 multicultural society/state 3, 29,

44,57-8,60,64, '73, 77-8, 105, 135-45, 151

multinational/ multiethnic society/ state 52-3, 93, 97, 123, 135- 45, 148-50, 158, 164, 168-9, see also cultural pluralism

Mussolini, B. 75

Nagorno-Karabakh 111 nation (definition) 2; (idea of)

30-1,49-50,163 nation-building 59, 73, 76-7,

124, 133, 148, 164, 166 nation-state 3, 51-2, 43-4,

56,60-1,74, 77,93,97, 105, 120-1, 123, 133-4, 135, 139, 146-58, 164, 168

Index

national consciousness 72 National Front (France) 29 National Front (Britain) 86, 104 National Party (South Africa) 55 national identity, see identity national liberation movements

76-7, 106, 124 National Party (South Africa) 55,

126-9 national self-determination 3, 6,

32-3,56,59, 72,84,98, 106, 108, 119, 133, 152

national sovereignty 148, 152-4 national unification 166, see also

irredentism nationalism (anti-colonial) 76-7,

166-7 nationalism (classical) 73-4, 98,

133, 166 nationalism (colonial) 76 nationalism (definition) 3; nationalism (ethnic), see ethnic

nationalism

nationalism (as ideology) 6, 21-33,34,45,49-50,51,72-3, 120, 124, 163

nationalism (integral) 75, 135 nationalism (official), see official

nationalism nationalism (reform) 75 nationalism (social) see social

nationalism nationalism (traditional) 74 nationalist leaders 78-83, 133,

165-6 nationalist movements 72-85,

132- 4, 165-8

185

nationalist parties 60, 65, 78-97, 102, 104, 132-4, 165-8

nationalist political behaviour 83-5

nationalities (in USSR) 3, 58, 70, 83,85,88,106-13,165-7

nationality, see citizenship Nazism 32, 75, 130, 135, 163 Nazi-Soviet Pact 108 neo-colonialism 77 nepotism 161 Netherlands 136, 142-4, 157 neurophysiology 12, 161 New Commonwealth 52, 98-105 New Zealand 76 Nigeria 13, 77, 84, 124-5, 137,

141, 143-4, 167 Nkrumah, K. 57 Northern Ireland 14, 21, 26, 52,

74,77,92-4,111,122,130-1, 134, 136-40, 147, 151, 157-8

Norway 31, 74, 146

Occitan 86 official nation (definition) 3; 126 official nationalism (definition)

4,52;47,51,67-8, 71, 73, 79, 84,96, 106,116,120,133,146, 148-51, 164, 167, 169

O'Neill, Terence 94 Orangeism 92 Orthodox Christians 26 Ottoman Empire 75, 146, 150

186

Pakistan/Pakistanis 26, 64, 118-20

Pakistanis in Britain 98-105 Palestine Liberation Organisation

(PLO) 55, 129 Palestine/Palestinians 22, 73, 76,

117, 129-32, 152, 156 Pamyat 107 Pan-Africanism 57, 76, 124 Pan-Africanist Congress 127, 141 Pan-Arabism 57, 121 Pan-Slavism 57 Pappalardo, A. 138-40 parties, see under party name and

under nationalist parties Parti Quebecois (PQ) 94-7 patronage 101 patriotism, see official nationalism Pelassy, D. 68 perestroika 58, 107-8, 111 Persia 75 Philippines 120 Plaid Cymru, see Welsh National­

ism/ Plaid Cymru plural society theory 159 PNV (Basque Nationalist Party)

82,93 Poland 26,31,48, 74,83, 147,151 political culture 117, 119 Popular Fronts (USSR) 58-9,

107, 109, 165 Portugal/Portuguese Empire 73,

76, 166 positive discrimination, see affirma­

tive action post-industrial society 44, 53, 57,

66, 70,93, 107,165-7 post-materialist values 44, 57, 70,

93, 107, 165 Powell, E. 104 power-sharing, see consociational

democracy primordial/primordial identity 18,

28,35,45,47,53,58 print-capitalism 45 printing 45, 68, 163-4 Progressive-Conservative Party

(Canada) 96

Index

Progressive Federal Party (South Africa) 127-8

proletarian internationalism 106 Protestants 136, 139 Prussia 42, 74 psychic income 66, 70 psychology, see social psychology Punjab 1, 26, 55, 111, 119-21,

166

Quebec 4, 12, 70,94-7, 131-2, 139-40, 166-7

Quiet Revolution (Quebec) 95

race (definition) 5; 98-9 race relations (definition) 5, 100, racial segregation 32 racism (definition) 5; 11, 13, 20,

24,61-2,64,80, 100,104-5, 163

Rassemblement Wallon 90 rational choice/rational self-interest

13, 144, 159, 162 Reagan, R. 156-7 referendums,

Scotland/Wales (1979) 91, 97 Quebec (1980) 94-5

refugees 152 regime change 60, 93, 99, 112-4,

116, 132, 167 regionalism 58, 86-7 relative deprivation 62, 68-9, 93 religion 14-15, 26, 46, 48, 83,

101, 107, 112-3, 118-23, 136-41

Republican Party (Germany) 86 Republican Party (US) 103 Rex, J. (and Mason) 159 Reynolds, V. 10-11, 13, 161 Rhodesia 9, 76 Riggs, F. W. 2 risorgimento nationalism 74-5 Rokkan,S. 38,41,64 Rothschild, J. 147 Roman Catholics/Roman Catholic

Church 26, 48, 94-5, 101, 112, 134, 136, 139

Russia/Russian Empire/Russians 16,26,47,52,59, 75, 83,106-13, 146, 149, 155

Index

Russian Orthodox Church 112 Russification 47, 59, 110-11, 165

Sardinia, Kingdom of 74 Saudi Arabia 147 Schlegel, F. von 31 Scotland/Scots 5, 14-6, 21, 23-

8,31,39-40,44,52,56-7, 59,62-4,69-70,72,74,78, 81-2,85-8,91,93-4,94, 97, 150, 152, 154, 166-7

Scottish Green Party 78, 93, 154 Scottish National Party (SNP) 16,

21,69,87-8,94,97,154 secessionist movements 76-7,

145 Second World War 56, 149-50 segmented pluralism, see cultural

pluralism segregation (racial/ethnic) 126-

9, 140, see also apartheid, civil rights

Serbia 28, 31, 74, 114-16 Shanin, T. 131 Sherif, M. 12 Sikhs 28, 74, 119-20 Sillars, Jim 70 Single European Market 153 Sinhalese 55, 119, 122-3, 136-

40, 143-4 Sinn Fein 140-1, 147, 157-8 slavery 32, 98, 100, 161 Slavs 28 Slovenes/Slovenia 28, 114-16 Smith, A. 4, 5, 22-3, 38, 48-

50, 72 Social Darwinism 32 Social and Democratic Labour Party

(Northern Ireland) 93, 140 social nation (definition) 3; 131 social nationalism (definition) 51-

2,53,130,148-9,150-1,164, 167

social psychology 12-14, 161, 163-5, 169

socialism 106-16, see also com-munism

socialist parties 78, 80, 82, Socialist Party (Belgium) 90 Socialist Party (France) 91, 94 sociobiology 10-12, 14, 20, 45,

159-61 sociolinguistics 161-2 South Africa 28, 32, 55, 76-77,

187

83, 102, 117, 119, 126-9, 131, 134, 136, 141-2, 166-7

sovereignty, see national sovereignty Soviet patriotism 149 Soviet Union, see USSR Spain/Spanish/Spanish Empire

17-18,44,73,75,81-3,86, 93, 107, 132, 137, 167

Spanish Socialist Party 83, 89 sport (nationalism in) 21 Sri Lanka 1, 26, 55, 77, 118-9,

121-3, 137-40, 143-4, 147, 166-7

Stalin, J. 33, 56, 60, 106, 108, 150 status 66-7 Stormont 94 Sudan 124 Sullivan, J. 28, 82 supranationalism 7, 93, 147-8,

152-4, 169 Sweden 75, 146 Switzerland 12, 60, 77, 86, 92,

136-8, 142, 151, 155 Syria 122, 141

Tamil Tigers see Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam

Tamil United Liberation Front 55 Tamils 51, 74, 119, 121-3, 136-

41, 143-4 Tebbit, N. 104 television see broadcasting terrorism 92, 94, 112, 117-31,

167 Thatcher, M. /'Thatcherism' 60,

85,88, 101,153-4 Third World 44, 66, 73, 117-32,

142-5, 164, 166-7, see also Africa, Asia, Latin America

188

Tibet 120 Tinker, H. 120 Tito, J. 58, 60, 114, 116 Tiryakian, E. (and Rogowski) 144 tribes/tribalism 73, 119, 124-5,

128, 133 Tripura National Volunteers 119 Trotsky, L. 106 Trudeau, P. 60, 96 Turkey 74-5, 147 Turkish Empire, see Ottoman

Empire Tyrol, South (Italy) 86

UDA 92 Uganda 151-2 UK, see Britain Ukraine 107-8, 149-50 Ulster Unionists 93, 141, 157 uneven economic development 7,

62, 116, 164 Uniate Catholic Church 107 unification movements 74 Unified National Leadership for the

Uprising (Palestine) 130 unilingualism (Quebec) 96-7 Unionists (Northern Ireland), see

Ulster Unionists United Democratic Front (South

Africa) 127 United Kingdom, see Britain United National Party (Sri Lanka)

55 United Nations 9, 56, 146, 148,

152 United States (USA) 28, 32, 52,

64,97,98-105,119,131,151-2, 155-6, 166-7

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) 9

Urwin, D. 41 USSR 3, 16, 47, 56, 58, 63, 70, 83,

85,88,106-113,122,132,137, 147, 149-51, 155-7, 165, 167

Uzbekistan 107

Index

Valencia 18 van den Berghe, P. 119, 136, 161 Venetia 74 Vietnamese boat people 152 violence (ethnic/ nationalist), see

terrorism Vojvodina 16 Volga Germans 151 volk 74 Volksunie 90 voting, see elections Wales/Welsh 4, 5, 9, 14-5, 21,

52,69-70,85,94,97,154 Walloons 55, 63, 70, 77, 86, 90,

94, 138, 140 war 29, 56, 131, 146, 149-50,

157, 161, 169-70 Weberian theory 159 Welsh nationalism/Plaid Cymru

69,87-8,94,97 White Anglo-Saxon Protesants

('WASPS') 103 'White Man's Burden' 32 'White supremacy' 32 Wilson, W. 33,56 Wolfe, Billy 69 World Wars 149-50 xenophobia 13, 22, 24, 154-6,

161, 169 Xhosas 142

Yemen 121 Young Italy Society (1831) 31 Young Turks 75 Young, C. 58, 125, 135 Yugoslavia/Yugoslavs 16, 28, 58,

60, 77,88,106-7,114-6,132, 137, 157, 167

Zaire 124 Zambia 126 Zionism 22, 72, 76, 117, 129-32,

163 Zulus 141-2