bibliography african religions

7/31/2019 Bibliography African Religions

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African Religions

A Bibliography

By

Wayne Parris

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AFRICANUS, LEO. 1896History and Description of Africa Done Into English by

John Pory. 3 Vols. London: Hakluyt Society.

1954 Africa Today. New York: American Committee on Africa,Inc. General African history and recent socioeconomic and

political matters.

ANDERSSON, EFRAIM. 1958 Messianic Popular Movements in the Lower Congo.

Uppsala: Studia Ethnographia Upsalensia, 14. 287 p.

Study of nativistic movements in the Lower Congo areas.

ARGYLE, MICHAEL. 1959 Religious Behavior. Glencoe: The Free Press. 196 p.

General study of psychological elements in religion.

ARKELL, A. J. 1961 A History of the Sudan. London : The Athlone Press. 225

p

ARKELL, A. J. N.d. "Canes in the Tenth Century." From A History of Dafur in

Sudan Notes and Records. Vol. XXXII, part ii, p. 225.

Cited in Oliver, Roland and Oliver, Carolina, (ads.)

Africa in the Days of Exploration. Englewood Cliffs:

Prentice-Hall, Inc. 151 p.

BANTON, MICHAEL. 1956 "An Independent African Church in Sierra Leone."

Hibbert Journal, OV, 216. pp. 57-63. Discussion of religious

acculturation and nativistic movements.

BANTON, MICHAEL. 1957 West African City: A Study of Tribal Life in Freetown.

London: Oxford University Press. 228 p. Study of the socialcharacteristics of the acculturation of persons

from tribal societies living in an urban center, including

religious acculturation and nativistic movements.

BARBER, BERNARD. 1941 "Acculturation and Messianic Movements." American

Sociological Review, 6, pp. 663-69. Reprinted in Reader in

Comparative Religion, Lessa and Vogt, (ads). 1965. New

York: Harper and Row. pp. 506-09. Study of acculturation and

nativistic movements.

BARTH, HEINRICH. 1857 Travels and Discoveries in Northern and Central Africa.

3 Vols. London: Frank Cass & Sons, Ltd.

BASCOM, WILLIAM R. 1944 "The Sociological Role of the Yoruba Cult Group." AAA

Memoirs, 63. Discussion of the social roles of kinship

groups and religious societies, including secret societies.

BASCOM, WILLIAM R.

AND M. J.

HERSKOVITS (ADS)

1959 Continuity and Change in African Cultures. Chicago :

University of Chicago Press. 299 p. Articles by a number of

authorities on factors of culture change including religious

acculturation.

BASDEN, G. T. 1921 Among the Ibos of Nigeria. New York: Barnes and Noble.

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321 p. General ethnography of the lbo, including a study of

religion.

BATTUTA,

IBN(1304-68)

1929 Travels in Asia and Africa. Translated by H.A.R. Gibb.

London; Cambridge University Press. 2 Vols.

BAXTER, T. W. 1959 Archival Facilities in Sub-Saharan Africa. CCTA, CSA

Pub. 78.

BEATTIE, JOHN. 1960 Bunyoro. New Yorks Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. 83 p.

General ethnography, including a discussion of the religion.

BEATTIE, JOHN 1965 An African Kingdom. New York: Holt# Rinehart and

Winston. 58 p

BELLO, MUHAMMED. n.d. Infaq-Al-Mansur. C.E.J. Whitting (ed.). Cited in

Hodgkin, Thomas. Nigerian Perspectives. London; Oxford

University Press. 325 p.

BENTON, P. A. 1913 The Sultanate of Bornu. (Translation of a

monograph Des Sultanat von Bornu, by A. Schultze.)

London:

BERNARDI, BERNARDO 1959 The Mugwe, A Failing Prophet. London: Oxford

University Press. 211 p. Discussion and analysis of

leadership roles in a religious context, including

acculturation.

B IVAR, A. D. H. 1961 "The Wathiquest Ahl A1-Sudan: A Manifesto of the

Fulani Jihad." Journal of African History. Val. II,

No. 2, pp. 235-43.

BIVAR, A. . H.

AND P. L. SHINNIE

1962 "Old Kanuri Capitols." Journal of African

History. Vol. III, No. 1, pp. 1-10.

BOAHEN, A. ADU 1962 "The Caravan Trade in the Nineteenth Century."

Journal of African History. Vol. III, No. 2, pp.

349-59.

BOAS, FRANZ 1940 "Origin of Totemism." Race, Language, and Culture.

New York: Macmillan Co. 647 p. Origins of religion.

BOAS, FRANZ, 1963 The Mind of Primitive Plan. New York: The Free Press.

242 p. The psychology of religion in a primitive context.

BOHANNON, PAUL 1964 Africa and Africans. Garden Citys The Natural HistoryPress. 249 p. General analysis of African history,

economics, social structure, religion, acculturation, etc.

ROTTING, DOUGLAS 1961 The Knights of Bornu. London; Hodder and

Stoughton. 158 p.

BOVILL, E. W.

(ED.)

1961 Missions to the Niger. 4 Vols. Cambridge: The University

1966 Press for the Hakluyt Society.

BOVILL, E. W. 1961 The Golden Trade of the Moors. London: Oxford University

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press. 251 p.

BRIGGS, LLOYD C. 1960 Tribes of the Sahara. Cambridge: Harvard


BROWN, A. R. 1914 "The Definition of Totemism." Anthropos, Vol. IX. pp

622-30. The relation of the clan and totemism to primitive

religion.

BURDON, J. A. 1909 Historical Notes on Certain Emirates and Tribes in

Northern Nigeria. Londons

BURNS, A. C. 1942 History of Nigeria. London: George Allen and Unwin,

Ltd. 308 p.

CANNON, W. B. 1942 "The Voodoo Death." American Anthropologist, 44. pp.

16981. Reprinted in Reader in Comparative Religion, Lassa

and Vogt (eds.) 1965. New Yorks Harper and Row. pp. 321-28.

Psychological elements in witchcraft and sorcery.

CARDINALL, ALLAN

V1,

1920 The Natives of the Northern Territories of the Gold

Coast. London: G. Routledge. 158 p. General ethnography.

CARPENTER, G. W. 1959 "The Role of Christianity and Islam in Contemporary

Africa." Africa Today (1959). pp. 90-113. Nativistic

movements.

CHILDS, GLADWYN

MURRAY.

1949 Umbundu Kinship and Character. London: Oxford University

Press. 245 p. General ethnography of an Angola tribal group

social structure and related religious elements

CLARK, J. DESMOND. 1962 "The Spread of Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa."

Journal of African History, Vol. III, No. 2, pp. 211-28.

COHEN, RONALD 1967The Kanuri of Bornu. New York: Holt, Rinehart and

Winston. 112 p.

COLE, SONIA. 1963 The Prehistory of East Africa. New Yorks Mentor Books,

340 p.

COLEMAN, J. S. 1955 "Current Political Movements in Africa." Annals of the

American Academy of Science, CCXCVIII. pp. 95-108.

Analysisof acculturation and culture change in a political

context,presenting role of nativistic movements.

COLSON, ELIZABETH. 1954 "Ancestral Spirits and the Social Structure Among the

Plateau Tonga." International Archives of Ethnography,XLVII, Part I (1954). pp. 21-68. Abridged reprint in

Reader in Comparative Religion, Lessa and Vogt (eds.).

New York: Harper and Row. pp. 437-41. The relationship

of beliefs regarding ancestral spirits to the social

structure of the society.

COLSON, ELIZABETH. 1958 Marriage and the Family Among the Plateau Tonga of

Northern Rhodesia. Manchester University Press. 379 p.

Ethnography of the Tonga which analyzes social structures and

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relationships, including a number of religious elements.

COLSON, ELIZABETH. 1960 Social Organization of the Gwembe Tonga. Manchester:

Manchester University Press. 234 p. General ethnology.

COLSON, ELIZABETH. 1962 The Plateau Tonga: Social and Religious Studies.

Manchester: Manchester University Press. 237 p. Emphasis on

elements of social control in tribal religion.

COLSON, ELIZABETH

AND DR. MAX

GLUCKMAN.

1951 Seven Tribes of British Central Africa. London: Oxford


CROWDER, MICHAEL 1966A Short History of Nigeria. New York: Frederick A.

Praegen. 314 p.

DAVIDSON, BASIL. 1959 The Lost Cities of Africa. Boston: Little, Brown and Co.

337 p.

DAVIDSON. BASIL. 1964 The African Past. New York: Grossett and Dunlap. 371 p.

DAVIDSON, BASIL. 1966 A History of West Africa. Garden City: Anchor Books,

313 p.

DESAI, RAM 1962 Christianity in Africa as Seen by Africans. Denver :

Allan Swallow. 135 p. Statements and essays regarding

religious acculturation by a number of Africans, including

important political figures.

DOUGLAS, MARY. 1963 The Lele of the Kasai. London: Oxford University Press.

286 p. General ethnography by of the tribal society,

including four chapters (10-13) dealing with religion,

DURKHEIM, EMILE. 1915 Elementary Forms of the Religious Life. (Trans. J.

W.Swain). New York: Free Press Paperback. 496 p.

Classical sociological study of religion presenting the

hypothesis that religion originated in totemic group

experiences.

EASTWOOD, C. CYRIL 1964 Life and Thought in the Ancient World. Philadelphia:

The Westminister Press. 187 p. Compendium of materials on

religious themes: origins of religion, animism, magic,

totemism, sacrifice, immortality, monotheism, etc.

EDEL. MARYMANDELBAUM.

1957The Chiga of Western Uganda. New York: Oxford UniversityPress. 200 p. General ethnography of a tribal society

ELLIS, A. B. 1887 The Tshi-speaking Peoples of the Gold Coast of Africa.

Landon: Chapman and Hall Ltd. 343 p. A general ethnography

written during the early days of colonial administration.

EVANS-PRITCHARD,

E. E.

1932 "The Zande Corporation of Witchdoctors." Journal

1933 Royal Anthropological Institute 62 (1932), pp. 291-336;

63 (1933) pp. 63-100.

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EVANS-PRITCHARD,

E. E.

1935 "Witchcraft." Africa, 8. (1935). pp. 419-42. Concepts of

witchcraft, especially in the context of African tribal

societies.

EVANS-PRITCHARD,

E. E.

N.d. Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among the Azande. Oxfords

Clarendon Press. 558 p. Ideology and techniques of

witchcraft, sorcery and magic in a tribal society.

EVANS-PRITCHARD,E. E. 1940 The Nuer. Oxfords The Clarendon Press. 266 p. Generalethnography of a Sudanese pastoral society.

EVANS-PRITCHARD,

E. E.

1956Nuer Religion. Oxfords Clarendon Press. 335 p.

Specialized study of the Nuer, especially their religious

concepts and traits such as sacrifice, etc.

EVANS-PRITCHARD,

E. E.

1954 The Institutions of Primitive Society. Glencoe: The Free

Press. 107 p. Essays on African social structures by a number

of authorities.

FELDMANN, SUSAN 1963 African Myths and Tales. New Yorks Dell Publishing

Company. 313 p. General study of African mythology andfolklore.

FORDE, DARYLL (ED) 1954 African Worlds: Studies in the Cosmological Ideas and

Social Values of African Peoples. Londons Oxford University

Press. 243 p. Themes on religious philosophy and ideology.

FORDE, DARYLL (ED) 1955 Peoples of the Niger Benue Confluence. London:

International African Institute. 152 p. General ethnography

of several tribal societies in Central Nigeria.

FORCE, DARYLL. 1964 Yako Studies. New York: Oxford University Press. 283 p.

Ethnography of an Eastern Nigerian tribal society with threechapters (7-9) on religion.

FORTES, MEYER. 1936"Ritual Festivals and Social Cohesion in the

Hinterland of the Gold Coast." American Anthropologist, 38

(1936). pp. 590 -604, Social functions of ritual festivals.

FORTES, MAYER. 1949 The Web of Kinship Among the Tallensi. London: Oxford

University Press. 35 p. Study of social structures and

religious roles in Trans-Volta.

FORTES, MAYER. 1959 Oedipus and Job in West African Religion. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press. 81 p. Psychoanalytic approach

to the dynamics of primitive religion with the concept thatthe individual does not understand the reasons for his

behavior in witchcraft, sorcery, etc.

FORTES, MEYER, AND

E. E.

EVANS-PRITCHARD.

1940 African Political Systems. Londons Oxford University

Press. 301 p. Analysis of social and political structures in

primitive society, including the role of religion in these

structures.

FRAZER, JAMES G. The Worship of Nature. New York: Macmillan Co., 672 p.

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Discussion with African examples of religious philosophies

arising from nature worship.

FRAZER, JAMES G. 1949 The Golden Bough. One volume abridged edition. New York:

Macmillan Co. 714 p. Classic encyclopedic study of magic and

religion.

FREUND, PHILIP 1965 myths of Creation. New Yorks Washington Square Press,

Inc.304 p. Psychoanalytic approach to the creation myths

of the world.

GARNIER, CHRISTINE 1952 Fetish. (Trans. Naomi Walford) New York s G. P. Putnam's

Sons. 250 p. Fictional biography of a half-caste African

nurse describing the acculturation and religious problems

of a marginal person.

GEFLAND, MICHAEL 1959 Shona Ritual. Capetowns Juta and Co. Ltd. 206 p.

Ethnographic account of religion and cults of healing,

and witchcraft.

GIBB, H. A. R. 1955 Mohammedanism: A Historical Survey. New York: Mentor

Books. 145 p. Study of the origins of Islam in animism,

Judaism, and Christianity, and its spread into Asia, Europe

and Africa.

GIBBS, JAMES L. 1965 Peoples of Africa. New Yorks Hdt, Rinehart, and Winston,

Inc. 582 p. Ethnographic studies of fifteen African

societies made by authorities in each field.

GLUCKMAN, MAY 1955 Custom and Conflict in Africa. Oxfords Blackwell.

173 p.

GOLDSCHMIDT,

WALTER (ED.)

1958 The United States of Africa. New York: American

Assembly, Columbia University. 244 p.

GODDE, W. J. 1951 Religion Among the Primitives. Glencoe& The Free Press.

258 p. Sociological analysis of religion in West Africa,

Polynesia, Melanesia, Australia, and Southwestern U. S.

GOODY, JOHN R. 1962 Death, Property, and the Ancestors. Stanford,

Californias Stanford University Press. 452 p. Funereal and

mortuary customs of primitive peoples.

GORER, GEOFFREY. 1962 Africa Dances. New Yorks W. W. Nostrand Co., Inc.245 p.

Travelogue presenting philosophy of African art forms and

some religious implications in them.

GREEN, MARGARET M. 1964 Igbo Village Affairs. London: Frank Cass and Co., Ltd.

262 p. Social structure of a village in Eastern Nigeria

including religion and rituals.

GREENBERG, JOSEPH. 1946The Influence of Islam on A Sudanese Religion. New York:

J. J. Augustin. 73 p. Religious acculturation among

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Hausa-speaking people of Northern Nigeria.

GREENBERG, JOSEPH

H.

1963 Languages of Africa. The Hagues Mouton & Co. 180 p.

GRIMAL, Pierre, Larousse World Mythology. New York: G. P.

Putnam's Sons. 645 p. Encyclopedia of world religions.

GROVES, C. P. 1958 The Planting of Christianity in Africa. 4 Vols.

Londons Lutterworth Press. Comprehensive study of religious

acculturation in Africa, including nativistic movements.

HALLAM, W. K. R. 1966The Bayajida Legend in Hausa Folklore." Journal of

African History. Vol. VII, No. 1. pp. 47-60.

HALLETT, ROBIN. 1965 The Penetration of Africa. Vol. I. London: Routledge and

Kezan, Ltd. 398 p.

HAMMOND-TOOKE,

W.D.

1962 Bhaca Society. London: Oxford University Press. 325 p.

General ethnology of a South African tribal society.

HARLEY, GEORGE W. 1941 Native African Medicine, With Special Reference to Its

Practice in the Mano Tribe of Liberia. Cambridge: Harvard

University Press. 294 p. Relationship of magic and religion

to healing in a Liberian tribal society.

HARRIS, GRACE. 1957"Possession 'Hysteria' in a Kenya Tribe." American

Anthropologist 59 (1957). pp. 1046-66. Place of ritual

in the psychological aspects of religion.

HAUKAL, IBN (TENTH

CENTURY).

1842 Description de 1'Afrique. Translation by de Slane in

Jornal Asiatique. Paris.

HAUKAL, IBN. 1800 The Oriental Geography. Translated by W. Ouseley.

London.

HAYS, H. R. 1963 In the Beginning. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 538 p.

Extensive study of theories of the origins of religion and of

its development in prehistoric and historic times.

HERSKOVITS,

MELVILLE J.

1937"African Gods and Catholic Saints in New World Religious

Belief." American Anthropologist, XXXIX (1937). pp. 635 -43.

Reprinted in Reader in Comparative Religion. Lessa and Vogt

(eds.) 1965. New York: Harper and Row. Various factors in

religious acculturation.

HERSKOVITS,

MELVILLE J.

1938 Dahomey. 2 Vols. New Yorks J. J. Augustin. Ethnographic

study of this area of West Africa.

HERSKOVITS,

MELVILLE J.

1959 Anthropology and Africa, A Wider Perspective." Africa,

XXXIX, 3. pp. 225-37. Acculturation and nativistic movements.

HERSKOVITS,

MELVILLE J. AND

FRANCES

HERSKOVITS.

1933 "An Outline of Danomean Religious Belief." American

Anthropological Association Memoirs No. 41. Comprehensive

study covering religious philosophy and ideology, deities,

ancestral cults, rituals, belief in spirits, magic, etc.

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HOBLEY, C. W. 1938 Bantu beliefs and Magic. London: H. F. and G. Witherby,

Ltd. 368 p. Bantu practices of sacrifice, magic and oaths,

and funeral customs.

HODGKIN, THOMAS L. 1956Nationalism in Colonial Africa. Washington Squares New

York University Press. 216 p. Place of nativistic cults in

the rise of nationalism in Africa.

HODGKIN, THOMAS L. 1960 Nigerian Perspectives. London: Oxford University Press.328 p.

HODGKIN, THOMAS L. 1961 "Kingdoms of the Western Sudan." In Roland Oliver's (ed)

Dawn of African History. London: Oxford University Press. 103

p.

HODGKIN, THOMAS L. 1962 Islam and National Movements in West Africa." Journal

of African History. Vol. III, No. 2. pp. 323-27.

HOGBEN, S. J. AND

A. H. M.

KIRK-GREENE.

1966 The Emirates of Northern Nigeria. London: Oxford


HOPEN, C. EDWARD 1958 The Pastoral Fulbe Family in Gwandu. London: Oxford

University Press. 165 p. Characteristics of the Fulani

family, including religion.

HORNLE, A. W. 1937"Magic and medicine." The Bantu-speaking Tribes of South

Africa. I. Schapera, ed. London: George Routledge and Sons.

Place of magic in the tribal healing practices.

HORTON, W. R. G. 1956 "God, Man, and the Land in a Northern Ibo Village

Group." Africa XXUI. pp. 17-28. Effects of religious ideology

on village social structure.

HOWELLS, W. W. 1948 The Heathens. New York: Doubleday and Co. Paperback.

283 p. Nature of mana, tabu, totem, shamanism, magic,

ghosts, divination, and witchcraft.

HOYT, ALTA HOWARD 1951 Bantu Folklore Tales of Long Ago. Wichita: Day's Print

Shop. 107 p. Collection of folk tales, including religious

and moral stories, from Bantu peoples of Kenya.

HUNTIGFORD, G. W.

B.

1953 The Nadi of Kenya. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul,

Ltd. 169 p. General ethnography of Kenya tribal society,

IDRISI, AL (C.1100-66). 1866Description de I" Afrique et de 1" Espagne. Translatedby R. Dozy, Leyden.

JAHN, JANHEINZ. 1958 Muta. New York: Grove Press. 267 p, Recent analysis of

underlying dynamics of African culture, especially culture

change process.

JENSEN, ADOLF 1963 myth and Cult Among Primitive Peoples. Chicago:

University of Chicago Press. 349 p, Philosophy and ideology

of religion.

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JOHNSTON, SIR.

H. H.

1911 The Opening Up of Africa. New Yorks Henry Holt and Co.

254 p.

JONES, D. H. 1961 Peoples and Kingdoms of the Central Sudan." In Roland

Oliver's (ad) The Dawn of African History. London: Oxford


JUDOD, HENRI A. 1927The Life of a South African Tribe. 2 Vols. London:Macmillan and Co. Comprehensive ethnography of a South

African tribal society.

KABERRY, PHYLLIS. 1950 Aboriginal Woman, Sacred and Profane. New York:

Humanities Press. 294 p. Classic study of aboriginal

Australian women, with many traits common to all primitive

women, including religious practices.

KATI, MAHMUD

(1468-1593 OR

1543).

1913 Tarikh al Fattash. Translated and edited by 0. Houdas

and M. Delafosse. Paris. Leroux.

KHALDUN, IBN(1332-1406).

1958The Moqaddimah: An Introduction to History. Translatedby Franz Rosenthal. 3 Vol. New York and London: Routledge

and Kegmi Paul, Ltd.

KHALDUN, IBN 1960 "Kanem-Bornu and the Hasfids." Histoire des Beberes.

Trans. M1. de Slang. Paris: 1925. Cited in Hodgkin.

Nigerian Perspectives. London: Oxford Univ.

Press. pp. 74 -75.

KINGSLEY, MARY. 1897Travels in West Africa. New York: Barnes and Noble.

1965 743 p. Early description of primitive societies.

KINGSLEY, MARY 1899 West African Studies. New York: Barnes and Noble. 507 .more analytic sequel to above book.

KRIGE, E. J. AND

T. D. KRIGE

1943 The Realm of a Rain Queen. London: Oxford University

Press. 335 p. General ethnography with analysis of social

structure, cult roles, place of ancestor worship, etc.

KUPER, HILDA. 1947An African Aristocracy: Rank Among the Swazi. London:

Oxford University Press. 251 p. Study of social structure.

KUPER, HILDA. 1964 The Swazi. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. 84 p.

General ethnography.

LANG, ANDREW. 1867Myth, Ritual, and Religion. 2 Vols. Londont Longmans

and Green. 380 p. Study of mythology, ritual and other

religious features of primitive and higher cultures.

LANG, ANDREW. 1887 Custom and Myth. London: Longmans and Green. 312 p

LANG, ANDREW. 1898 The Making of Religion. London: Longmans, Green and Co.,

Ltd. 380 p. Lang's concepts of origins of religion, esp.

the theory of high gods in primitive religions.

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LANTERNARI,

VITTORIO.

1963 The Religions of the Oppressed. London: Macgibbon and

Kee. 343 p. Religious cults arising in oppressed peoples such

as nativistic movements, etc.

LAUBSCHER, B.J.F. 1952 Sex, Custom, and Pathology. New York: The Humanities

Press. 347 p. Psychoanalytic approach, asp.

psychopathologies, arising from primitive religions.

LAWRAANCE, J.C.D. 1957 The Itescu. London: Oxford University Press. 280 p.

General ethnology of a society undergoing acculturation and

change.

LEAKEY, L. S. B. 1952 Mau Mau and the Kikuyu, London: Methuen and Co., Ltd.

114 p. Religious elements, showing acculturation problems

arising from relations to Europeans and rise of nativistic

movement.

LESLIE, CHARLES

(ED.)

1960 Anthropology of Folk Religion. New York: Vintage Books.

448 p. Nine selections from various world areas.

LESSA, WILLIAM AND

EVAN Z. VOGT.

1965 Reader in Comparative Religion. NewYork: Harper and Row.

629 p.

LEVINE, ROBERT 1958 Omoriori: Smeller of Witches." Natural History LXVII,

No. 3, pp. 142-47.

LEVINE, ROBERT 1959 "Gusii Sex Offenses: a Study in Social Control."

American Anthropologist 61:6. pp. 965-90. Role of religious

elements in social control.

LEVY-BRUHL,

LUCIEN.

1923 Primitive Mentality. New York: Macmillan Co. 458 p.

Primitive psychology, dreams, divination, religious elements.

LEVY-BRUHL,

LUCIEN.

1966 The 'Soul' of the Primitive. New Yorks Frederick

Praeger. 351 p. Primitive concept of "self" and "soul."

LEWIS, HERBERT S. 1965 A Galla Monarchy. Madison: University of Wisconsin

Press. 148 p. General ethnography of an Ethiopian tribe.

LEWIS, I. M. (ED) 1966Islam in Tropical Africa. London: Oxford University

Press for T.A.I. 460 p.

LIENHARDT,

GODFREY.

1961 Divinity and Experience. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 328 p.

Religious cult characteristics of Dinka cattle-herding.

LINDBLOM, GERHARD. 1920 The Akamba. Uppsala: Appelbergs Boktryckeri Aktiebolag.

607 p. General ethnography.

LINDSKOG, BIRGER 1954 African Leopard Men. Uppsala: Almqvist and Wiksells.

219 p. West African murder cults, the leopard men.

LINTON, RALPH. 1943 Nativistic Movements." American Anthropologist 45

(1943). pp. 230-40. Reprinted in Reader in Comparative

Religion. Lessa and Vogt, ads. New Yorks Harper and Row. pp.

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499506. Nativistic movements and religious acculturation.

LITTLE, KENNETH L. 1951 The Mende of Sierra Leone. London: Routledge and Kagan

Paul, Ltd. 307 p. General ethnography of a West African tribe

LONG, CHARLES H. 1963 Alpha, the Myths of the Creation. New York: George

Braziller. 264 p.

LOW, DONALD A. 1957Religion and Society in Buganda 18751900. Kampala,Ungandas East African Institute of Social Research. 16 p.

Acculturation processes arising from contact with Islam

and Christianity.

LOWIE. ROBERT 1952 Primitive Religion. New Yorks Grosset and Dunlap

Paperback. 363 p. Psychological and social bases of primitive

religious practices.

LUGARD, LADY 1964 A Tropical Dependency. London: Frank Cass and Co.., Ltd.

500 p.

LYSTAD, ROBERT. 1958 The Ashanti, A Proud People. New Brunswick, N. J. :Rutgers University Press. 212 p. General. ethnography.

MACMICHAEL., H. A. 1922 The History of the Arabs in the Sudan. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press.

MAHDI, F.L.MANDOUR 1965 A Short History of the Sudan. London: Oxford University

Press. 151 p.

MALINOWSKI,

BRONILAW.

1954 Magic, Science and Religion. New York : Doubleday Anchor

Books. 274p. Essays onthedynamics of primitive religions

and myth in the context of subsistence bases, especially

agriculture.

MINUET, JACQUES J. 1962 Afrique, les Civilisations Noire. Geneve: de Roto-Sadag.

278 p. Pictorial ethnography of African cultures.

MARETT, ROBERT R. 1914 The Threshold of Religion, Rev. Ed. London s Methuen and

Co. 224 p. Religion, animatism, tabo, myth, etc.

MARQUARD, LEOPOLD. 1952 Peoples and Policies of South Africa.

London: Oxford University Press. 285 p. Political movements of

South Africa in the context of nativistic movements.

MARWICK, B. A. 1940 The Swazi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 320 p.

General ethnography.

MARWICK, M. G. 1950 "Another Modern Anti-witchcraft Movement in East

Central Africa." Africa, Vol. 20, No. 2 (1950). pp. 100-12.

Religious acculturation, nativistic movements and healing

cults.'

MARWICK, M. G. 1952 The Social Context of Cewa Witchcraft Beliefs." Africa,

22 (1952). pp. 120-35; 215-33. Kinship bonds and other

social structures in the context of religion and witchcraft.

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MEEK, C. K. 1937Law and Authority in a Nigerian Tribe. London: Oxford

University Press. 355 p. Social control and tribal law.

MEEK, C. K. 1925 The Northern Tribes of Nigeria. London: Oxford

University Press. 2 Vol.

MEEK, C. K. 1950 Tribal Studies in Northern Nigeria. 2 Vols. New York:

The Humanities Press.

MEEKER, ODEN. 1954 Report on Africa. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.

401 p.

MENDELSOHN, JACK. 1962 God, Allah, and Ju Ju. Boston: Beacon Press. 245 p.

Conflicts and adjustments made by Islam and Christianity with

animism in the emerging African nations.

MESSENGER, JOHN C.

JR.

1959 Religious Acculturation Among the Anang Ibibio."

Continuity and Change in African Culture. Bascom and

Herskovits, eds. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp.

279-99. Nativistic movements and religious acculturation.

MEYEROWITZ, EVA L.

R.

1951 The Sacred State of the Akan. London: Faber and

Faber,Ltd. 222 p. Gen. ethnography of a Gold Coast society

(Ghana).

MEYEROWITZ, EVA L.

R.

1952 Akan Traditions of Origin. London: Faber and Faber, Ltd.

149 p. Origin of Akan myths.

MEYEROWITZ, EVA L.

R.

1958 The Akan of Ghana. London: Faber and Faber, Ltd. 164 p.

More recent ethnography with study of religious cults.

MIDDLETON, JOHN 1960 Lugbara Religion. London: Oxford University Press. 276p. Cults of East African Lugbara.

MIDDLETON, JOHN 1965 The Lugbara of Uganda. New York: Holt, Rinehart and

Winston. 92 p. General ethnography

MIDDLETON, JOHN

AND DAVID TAIT

1958 Tribes Without Rulers. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

229 p.

MIDDLETON, JOHN

AND E. H. WINTER

(EDS.)

1963 Witchcraft and Sorcery in East Africa. London: Routledge

and Kegan Paul, Ltd. 302 p. Witchcraft and sorcery ideologies

and techniques.

MITCHELL, JAMES

CLYDE.

1956The Yao Village. Manchester: Manchester University

Press. 235 p. Social structure of a Nyasaland tribal society.

MURDOCK, GEORGE

PETER.

1959 African: Its Peoples and Their Culture History. New

York: McGraw-Hill. 421 p. Ethno-history.

NADEL, S.F. 1942 A Black Byzantium. London; Oxford University Press.

420p. General ethnography of the Nupe of Nigeria.

NADEL, S.F. 1946Study of Shamanism in the Nuba Mountains." Journal of

51


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the Royal Anthropological Institute, LXXVI (1946). pp. 25q7.

Reprinted in Reader in Comparative Religion. Lessa and Vogt,

eds. New York: Harper and Row. pp. 464-479.

NADEL, S. F. 1947The Nube. London: Oxford University Press. 527 p.

General ethnography of a Sudanese tribal society.

NADEL, S. F. 1952 Witchcraft in Four African Societies: An Essay in

Comparison." American Anthropologist, 54 (1952). pp. 18-29.Comparison of witchcraft and sorcery, along with sex roles.

NADEL, S. F. 1954 Nupe Religion. Glencoe: The Free Press. 288 p. Study of

ideology, ritual, witchcraft, sorcery, and acculturation.

NADEL, S. F. 1955 Two Nuba Religions: Essay in Comparison." American

Anthropologist, 57 (1955). pp. 661-79. Comparison of

ideology, rituals, healing practices, etc.

NORBECK, EDWARD. 1961 Religion in Primitive Society. New York: Harper and

Bros. 280 p. General survey.

OLIVER, ROLAND ANDJ. D. FAGE

1966A Short History of Africa. Baltimore: Penguin Books. 257p.

OLIVER, ROLAND AND

CAROLINE OLIVER.

1965 Africa in the Days of Exploration. Englewood Cliffs:

Prentice Hall, Inc. 151 p.

ORR, SIR CHARLES. 1965 The Making of Northern Nigeria. New York: Barnes and

Noble, Inc. 286 p.

OTTENBERG, SIMON

AND PHOEBE

OTTENBERG.

1960 Cultures and Societies of Africa. New York: Random

House. 564 p. A Number of ethnographic studies by several

authors.

PALMER, H. R.

(TRANS.)

1908 "The Kano Chronicle." Journal of The Royal

Anthropological Institute, 38. pp. 58-98. Also in Vol. III.

Sudanese; Memoirs

PALMER, HERBERT

RICHMOND.

1926History of the First Twelve Years of the Reign of Mai

Idris Alooma of Bornu (1571-1583) by His Imam Ahmed ibn

Fartua, Together with the Diwan of the Sultans of Bornu and

Girgarn of the Magumi. Lagos:

PALMER, H. R. 1928 Sudanese Memoirs. 3 Vols. Lagos:

PALMER, H. R. 1928 "The Central Shar and Sudan in the Twelth Century A. D."

1929 Journal of the African Society, 1928-29. p. 368 et seq.

PALMER, SIR

RICHMOND.

1936 The Bornu Sahara and Sudan. London: John Murray. 280 p.

PARRINDER,

GEOFFREY.

1958 Witchcraft. Baltimore: Penguin Books. 208 p.

PARRINDER, 1961 West African Religion. London: Epworth Press. 223 p.

52


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GEOFFREY. Overview of religions among Yoruba, Ibo, Buni, Ibibio, Nufe,

Ga. and Dahomey.

PARRINDER,

GEOFFREY.

1962 African Traditional Religion. London: SPCK. 156 p.

General view of affect on group life of pantheons, spiritual

forces, etc.

PARSONS, ROBERT T. 1964 Religion in an African Society. Leiden: E. J. Brill.

245 p. Primitive religion in a Sierra Leone tribe.

PAUW, B. A. 1960 Religion in a Tswana Kingdom. London : Oxford

University Press. 285 p. Religious acculturation.

PERHAM, MARGERY

AND J. SIMMONS

1957 African Discovery. London: Jaber and Jaber. 273 p

POLYANI, KARL 1966 Dahomey and the Slave Trade. Seattle: University of

Washington Press (AES). 194 p.

POOLE-CONNOR, E.

J.

n.d. Mohammedanisms An Elementary Catechism. Hereford, U.K. :

Sayce Bros. Series of questions and answers.

RADCLIFF-BROWN, A.

R. AND DARYLL

FORDS

1950 African Systems of Kinship and Marriage. London: Oxford


RADIN, PAUL. 1937Primitive Religion. New York: Viking Press. 306 p.

Psychological approach to religious ideologies.

RADIN, PAUL. 1954 Monotheism Among Primitive Peoples. Basels Switzerland

Ethnographical Museum. 30 p.

RAMPONI, FR.EGIDIE.

1937"Religion and Divination of the Logbara Tribe of NorthUganda." Anthropos, 32. pp. 849-74.

RATTRAY, R. S. 1927Religion and Art in Ashanti. Oxfords The Clarendon

Press. 414 p. Religious themes in primitive art.

RICHARDS, AUDREY

I.

1935 "A Modern Movement of Witch-finders." Africa, 8

(1935). pp. 448-61. Sorcery and witch-finding.

RICHARDS, AUDREY

I.

1939 Land, Labour, and Diet in Northern Rhodesia. Londons

Oxford University Press. 405 p. Primitive economics in total

social context, including religious practices.

RICHARDS, A. I. 1956Chisungu. New York: Grove Press. 224 p. Religious

rituals and ceremonies.

RITZENTHALER, PAT 1966 The Fon of Bafut. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co. 221

p. Popularized ethnography of a tribal group in Camerouns.

ROHEIM, GEZA 1930 Animism, Magic, and the Divine King. London: Kegan

Paul, Trench, Trubner, and Co., Ltd. 390 p. Psychoanalytic

approach to primitive religion in general.

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ROHEIM, GEZA 1952 The Gates of the Dream. New York: International

Universities Press. 554 p. Use of psychoanalytic

interpretation of dreaming to analyze the dynamics of

animism, mythology, and the supernatural.

ROSCOE, JOHN. 1911 The Baganda. New York: Barnes and Noble. 547 p.

Customs

1966 and beliefs of a tribal society in Uganda.

ROSCOE, JOHN. 1923 The Bakitara. Cambridge: The University Press. 370 p.

Gen. ethnography of a Central African group, the Banyoro.

ROSCOE, JOHN. 1924 The Bagesu. Cambridge: The University Press. 205p.

ROSS, EMORY 1955 "The Impact of Christianity in Africa." Annals of the

American Academy of Science, CCXCVIII. pp. 161-69.

Effects of culture change, especially nativistic movements.

SACHS, WULF. 1947Black Anger. Boston: Little, Brown, and Co. 324 p.

Biography of a S. African witch doctor, John Chavafamira.

SCHAPERA, I. (ED.) 1950 The Bantu-speaking Tribes of South Africa. New Yorks TheHumanities Press. 453 p. Psychoanalytic approach to magic

and religion.

SCHAPERA, I. (ED.) 1934 Western Civilization and the Natives of South Africa.

London: Routledge. 299 p. Acculturation results.

SCHIFFRS,

HEINRICH.

n.d. The Quest for Africa. (Trans. Diana Pyke.) London:

Odhams Press, Ltd. 345 p.

SELIGMAN, C. G.

AND BRENDA

1932 Pagan Tribes of the Nilotic Sudan. London: George

Routledge. 547 p. General ethnographic survey.

SHACK, WILLIAM A. 1966The Gurage. London: Oxford University Press. 222 p.

General ethnography of a tribal group in Ethiopia.

SHAH, SAYED

IDRIES.

1957Oriental Magic. New Yorks The Philosophical Library.

190 p. Broad study of magic is-, non-Western world.

SHELTON, AUSTIN J. 1965 "The meaning and method of Afa Divination Among the

Northern Nsukka Ibo." American Anthropologist. 67, No. 6,

Part I. pp. 1441-55

SHEPPERSON, G. 1954 "The Politics of African Church So paratist movements in

British Central Africa." Africa XXIV, 3. pp. 233-46.

Acculturation and nativistic movements.

SHEPPERSON, G. AND

T. PRICE.

1958 Independent Africans John Chilembwe and the Nyasaland

Rising of 1915. Edinburg: Edinburgh University Press. 564 p.

Religious leaders, nativistic movements and other problems

of acculturation.

SHINNIE, MARGARET. 1965 Ancient African Kingdoms. London: Edward Arnold, Ltd.

121 p.

54


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SMITH, EDWIN W. 1923 The Religion of Lower Races. New York: Macmillan Co. 82

p. Religious beliefs of some Bantu peoples, including life

after death, nature divinities, Supreme Being, etc.

SMITH, HOMER W. 1952 Man and His Gods. New York: Grosset and Dunlap. 485 p.

Biologist's analysis of religion in context of modern

biologic evolution.

SMITH, M. G. 1956Segmentary Lineage Systems." Journal of the Royal

Anthropological Institute, 86. pp. 38-80.

SMITH, M. G. 1961 "Field Histories Among the Hausa." Journal of African

History, Vol. II, No. 1. pp. 87-101.

SMITH, M. G. 1964 "The Beginnings of Hausa Society, A. D. 1,000-1,500. In

Vansina J., Mauny, R. and Thomas, L. V. (eds.) The Historian

in Tropical Africa. London: Oxford University Press. 411 p.

SMITH, M. G. 1965 "The Hausa of Northern Nigeria." In Gibbs, James (ed.)

Peoples of Africa. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 582

p.

SMYTHE, HUGH AND

MABEL SMYTHE.

1960 The New Nigerian Elite. Stanford: Stanford University

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Nigerian cities.

SOPER, EDMUND D. 1938 The Religions of Mankind. New York: The

Abingdon-Cokesbury Press. 350 p. Analysis of world religions.

STEFANISZYN,

BRONISLAW.

1964 Social and Ritual Life of the Ambo of Northern Rhodesia.

London: Oxford University Press. 171 p. Gen. ethnography.

STENNING, D. J. 1959 Savannah Nomads. London: Oxford University Press. 248 p.

STENNING, D. J. 1965 "The Pastoral Fulani of Northern Nigeria." In Gibbs,

James (ed.) Peoples of Africa. New Yorks Holt, Rinehart and

Winston. 582 p.

SUNDKLER, B. G. M. 1948 Bantu Prophets in South Africa. London: Lutterworth

Press. 381 p. Acculturation and nativistic movements.

SWANSON, GUY. 1964 The Birth of the Gods. Ann Arbors University of Michigan

Press. 260 p. Religious origins and varities of primitive

religions.

TAIT, DAVID. 1961 The Konkomba of Northern Ghana. London: Oxford

University Press. 255 p. General ethnography.

TAYLOR, JOHN V. 1957 Christianity and Politics in Africa. London: Penguin

Books. 127 p.

TEMPLE, 0. (ED. C.

L. TEMPLE.)

1919 Notes on Tribes, Provinces, Emirates, and States of the

1965 Northern Province of Nigeria. London: Frank Cass & Co.,

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Ltd. 577 p.

THOMAS, ELIZABETH

M.

1959 The Harmless People. New York: Alfred A. Knope. 266 p.

General ethnography of Bushman bands.

THOMAS, ELIZABETH

M.

1965 Warrior Herdsmen. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 254 p.

General ethnography of Dodoth herdsmen in East Africa.

TRACEY, H. 1955 "Zulus Find the Middle Road." Natural History LXIV, 8.pp. 400-06. Acculturation and nativistic movements.

TREMEARNE, A.J.N. 1913 Hausa Superstitions and Customs. London: J. Bales, Sons,

and Danielson. 548 p.

TRIMINGHAM, J.

SPENSER.

1949 Islam in the Sudan. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 280

p. Religious acculturation in West Africa.

TRIMINGHAM, J.

SPENSER.

1952 Islam in Ethiopia. New York: Barnes & Noble, Inc. 281 p.

1965

TRIMINGHAM, J.

SPENSER.

1959 Islam in West Africa. Oxfords Oxford University Press.

262_p._ Islam acculturation.

TRIMINGHAM, J.

SPENSER.

1962 A History of Islam in West Africa. London: Oxford

University Press. 262 p. Ethno-historical approach.

TURNBULL, COLIN. 1962 The Forest People. Garden City: The Natural History

Library, Anchor Books. 292 p. Ethnography of Congo Pygmies.

TURNBULL, COLIN. 1963 The Lonely African. Garden City: Anchor Books. 251 p.

Personality traits of Africans.

TURNBULL, COLIN. 1965 Wayward Servants. Garden City: The Natural HistoryPress. 390 p. General ethnography.

TURNER, VICTOR W. 1957Schism and Continuity in an African Society. Manchester:

Manchester University Press. 348 p. General ethnography.

TURNER, VICTOR W. 1962 Chihamba: The White Spirit. Mancester: Manchester

University Press. 96 p. Ritual drama.

TURNER, VICTOR W. 1964 "Witchcraft and Sorcery: Taxonomy versus Dynamics.

Africa XXXIV. pp. 314-25. Discussion of anthropological

terminology used in analyzing witchcraft, sorcery, etc.

TYLOR, EDWARD. 1873 Religion in Primitive Cultures. New York: Harper and Row

1958 589 p. Classic statement of origins of religion, concept

of the soul, spirits, totems, fetishes, Supreme Beings, etc.

TYLOR, EDWARD. 1881 Anthropology. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

1960 275 p. Culture defines with religion as a cultural

phenomenon.

VAN DEN BERGHE, 1965 Africa: Social Problems of Change and Conflict. San

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PIERRE (ED.) Francisco: Chandler Publishing Co. 534 p.

VANSINA, J.: R.

MAUNY AND L. V.

THOMAS.

1965 The Historian in Tropical Africa. London: Oxford

University Press. 411 p. For International African Institute.

VANSINA, JAN. 1966 Kingdoms of the Savanna. Madison: University of

Wisconsin Press. 248 p. Political and ethno-history of Cen.

Africa.

WAGNER, GUNTER. 1949 The Bantu of North Kavirondo. 2 Vols. Oxfords Oxford

University Press. Ethnographic survey.

WALLIS, W. D. 1939 Religion in Primitive Society. New Yorks: F. S. Crofts

and Co. 388 p. General survey.

WARD, BARBARA. 1956Some observations on Religious Cults in Ashanti."

Africa XXVI (1956). pp. 47-61. Role of religion in economics

and subsistence, religious ideology, rites, ordeal, etc.

WATSON, WILLIAM. 1958 Tribal Cohesion in a Money Economy: A Study of the

Mambwa of Northern Rhodesia. Manchester: Manchester

University Press. 246 p. Role of nativistic cult movements in

the total social structure.

WEEKS, JOHN H. 1914 Among the Primitive Bakongo. London: Seeley, Service

and Co., Ltd. 318 p. A general ethnography of an

Equatorial African Tribal society.

WEEKS, JOHN H. 1965 Africa Before They Came. New York: William Morrow and

Co. 351 p.

WELMERS, W. E. 1949 "Secret Medicines, Magic, and Rites of the Kpelle Tribe

in Liberia." Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 5(1949).pp. 208-43.

WESTERMANN,

DIEDRICH.

1949 The African, Today and Tomorrow. London: Oxford

University Press. 174 p. Religious acculturation and

nativistic movements.

WILLOUGHBY,

WILLIAM.

1928 The Soul of the Bantu. New York: Doubleday, Doran.

476 p. Acculturation and nativistic movements.

WILSON, MONICA. 1951 Good Company: A Study of Nyakyusa Age Villages. London%

Oxford University Press. 278 p. Analysis of social

structure of age groups.

WILSON, MONICA. 1954 "Nyakyusa Ritual and Symbolism." American

Anthropologist, 56. (1954). pp. 228-41. Religious ideology in

ritual and symbolism.

WILSON, MONICA. 1957Rituals of Kinship Among the Nyakyusa. London: Oxford

University Press. 278 p. Place of ancestor cults in the

social structure.

WILSON, MONICA. 1959 Communal Rituals of the Nyakyusa. New York: Oxford

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University Press. 228 p. Study of nativistic cults in a

Tanganyika tribal society.

WINANS, EDGAR U. 1962 Shambala. Berkeley: University of California Press. 180

p. General ethnography with emphasis on political structure.

WINTER, EDWARD H. n. d. Bwamba. Cambridge: W. Heffer and Sons, Ltd. 264 p.

General ethnography of a Uganda tribal group.

WISHLADE, R. L. 1965 Sectarianism in Southern Nyasaland. London: Oxford

University Press. 162 p. Religious acculturation.

WOLFE, ALVIN. 1959 Field Guide to West and Central Africa. Washington:

National Academy of Sciences Research Council Pub. No. 702.

31 p.

WOLFE, ALVIN W. 1961 In the Ngombe Tradition. Evanston: Northwestern

University Press. 167 p. Ethnographic study of a Congo tribal

group undergoing culture change.

WRIGLEY,

CHRISTOPHER.

1962 "Linguistic Clues to African History." Journal of

African History. Vol. III, No. 2. pp. 269-72.

YINGER, J. M. 1957Religion, Society, and the Individual. New York:

Macmillan Company, 611 p. Collation of writings on the

sociology and anthropology of religion.

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Seligan (1932)

General ethnography, Guinea Coast: Religious ideology, philosophy, etc.,

Total Africa:

Basden (1921) Feldmann (1963)

Ellis (1887) Fordo (1954)

Forde (1955, 1964) Herskovits and Herskovits (1933)

Herskovits (1938) Parrinder (1962)Kingsley (1897, 1899) Parrinder (1962)

Little (1951)

Lystad (1958) Religious ideology, philosophy,

Meyerowitz (1951, 1958) etc., Western Sudan

Nadel (1942)

Tait (1961) Nadel (1954, 1955)

General ethnography, Eastern Horns: Religious ideology, philosophy,

Lewis(1965) etc., Guinea Coast

Shack Horton (1956)

Lystad (1958)

General ethnography, Congo Areas: Meyerowitz (1952)

Parrinder (1961)Childs (1949 Parson (1964)

Colson (1960

Colson and Gluckman (1951) Religious ideology Philosophy,

Douglas (1963) etc., Congo Areas

Ritzenthalar (1966)

Stafaniszyn (1963) Evans-Pritchard (1937)

Turnbull (1962, 1965)

Turner (1957) Religious ideology, philosophy,

Weeks (1914) etc., East Africa Cattle Areas

Wolfe (1959, 1961)

Colson 11954)

General ethnography. Hoble (1938)

East A rice Cattle Areas: Smith (1923)Beattie (1960, 1965) Wilson (1954)

Edel (1957) Cults, ritual, sacrifice, etc.,

Huntin ford (1953) Western Sudan:

Junod (1927)

Krige and Krige (1943) Fortes (1936)

Kuper (1964) Nadel (1955)

Lawrence 1957

Lindblom (1954) Cults, ritual, sacrifice, etc.,

Marwick, B. (1940) Eastern Sudan:

Middleton (1965)

Roscoe(1911, 1923, 1924) Evans-Pritchard (1956)

Thomas(1965)

Wagner(1949) Cults ritual sacrifice etc.,

Winans(1962) Guinea Coast:

Winter(n.d.)

Bascom (1944)

General ethnography,Khoisan: Herskovits and Herskovits (1933)

Lindskog (1954)

Hammond-Tooke (1962) Meyerowitzl (1958)

Thomas (1959) Welmers(1949)

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Cults, ritual sacrifice, etc.

Congo Area:

Social structures and roles, Western

Sudan:

Colson (1954)

Turner (1962)

Fortes (1949)

Fortes and Evans-Pritchard (1940)

Hopen (1958)

Radcliffe Brown et al (1950)

Smith, M. G. (1961)

Cults, ritual, sacrifices etc., East

African Cattle Areas

Social structures and roles, Guinea

Coasts

Gefland (1959)

Harris (1957)

Middleton (1960)

Horton (1956)

Meek (1937)

Witchcraft, Sorcery, magic and

divination, total Africa:

Social structures and roles, East

Africa Cattle Areas

Evans-Pritchard (1935)

Fortes (1959)

Witchcraft, sorcery, magic and

divination, Western Sudan:

Nadel (1946, 1952)

Colson (1954, 1958, 1960, 1962)

Gluckman (1955)Kuper (1947)

LeVine (1959)

Marwick, M. (1952)

Middleton and Tait (1958)

Mitchell (1956)

Wilson (1951, 1957)

Witchcraft, sorcery, maagic, and

divination, Guinea Coasts

Myth, lore, art and dance, total

Africas

Harley (1941)

Nadel (1954)Shelton (1965)

Gorer (1962)


divination, Congo Area:

Myth, lore, art and dance, total

Africa:

Evans-Pritchard (1932-33, 1937)

Richards (1935, 1956)

Turner (1964)

Gorer (1962)


divination, East Africa CattleArea:

Myth, lore, art, and dance, Guinea

Coast:

Hobley (1938)Hornle (1937

LeVine (1958)

Marwick (1952)

Middleton (1963)

Ramponi (1937)

Schapera (1950)

Social structures and roles, generals

Smith (1956)

Meyerowitz (1952)Rattray (1927)

Myth, lore, art and dance, East Africa

Cattle Area:

Hoyt (1951 )

61


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Acculturation and nativistic movements, total Africa:

Bascom (1959)

Coleman (1955)

Desai (1962)

Gibb (1955)

Goldschmidt (1958)

Groves (1958)

Herskovits (1937, 1959)

Hodgkin (1956)

Jahn (1958)

Lewis (1966)

Meeker (1954)

Mendelsohn (1962)

Ross (1955)

Taylor (1957)

Van den Berghe (1965)

Westermann (1949)

Acculturation and nativistic movements, Western Sudan:

Greenberg (1946)Trimingham (1949, 1959, 1962)

Acculturation and nativistic movements, Guinea Coast:

Banton (1956, 1957)

Masssenger (1959)

Polyam (1957)

Smythe and Smythe (1960)

Acculturation and nativistic movements, East Horn:

Trimingham (1952)

Acculturation and nativistic movements, Congo Area:

Andersson (1958)

Garnier (1952)

Watson (1958)

Acculturation and nativistic movements,, East Africa Cattle Areas:

Bernardi (1959)

Carpenter (1959)

Leakey (1952)

Low (1957)

Marquard (1952)

Marwick (1950)

Sachs (1947)

Schapera (1954)

Shepperson (1954,1958)

Sundkler (1948)

Tracey (1955)

Willoughby (1928)

Wilson (1959)

Wishlade (1965)

62

bibliography african religions

Documents