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A – Sweep net sampling

B –Slants of pure Beauveria bassiana culture (left) and white cushiony mold (right)

PLATE 1

A

B

C

D

J

I

H

G

F

E

Extraction of Jatropha oil: (A) Jatropha trees (B) Jatropha flowers (C) different stages of fruit maturity (D) pulped seeds (E) dried seeds (F) de-hulling with mortar and pestle (G) hulled seeds (H) adjusting temperature of soxhlet apparatus (I) reflux process (J) evaporation of petroleum ether from extracted oil (Kshirsagar, 2010)

Plate 2

A – Laboratory experiment of bio-agents against Leptocorisa oratorius

B – Grains treated with sodium hydroxide: undamaged (left) and damaged (right)

Plate 3

A – Caged pots used for screen house experiment

B – Field experimental area

Plate 4

A – Rice blue beetles oriented towards the tip of the rice leaves

B – Adults of the rice blue beetle

Plate 5

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

(E) (F)

Types of rice stink bugs: (A) Leptocorisa sp.; (B) Eysarcoris sp., white spotted stink bug; (C)&(D) Nezara sp., green stink bug, nymphs (left), adult (right); (E) Cletus sp.,

slender rice bug; (F) Euschistus sp., brown stink bug

Plate 6

Leptocorisa oratorius: (A) dorsal view (B) lateral view showing ventro-lateral dots

L. acuta: (C) parameres with bi-acuminate apices (D) dorsal view (E) lateral view

Plate 7

L. oratorius life-cycle and duration between each stage: (A, B, C)Eggs laid singly, in clusters or linear fashion (incubation period: 3 – 5 days); (D to M) five nymphal stages: (D, E) 1st instar: 3 – 4 days (F, G) 2nd instar: 2 – 3 days (H, I) 3rd instar: 2 – 4 days (J, K) 4th instar: 2 – 5 days (L, M) 5th instar: 7 – 8 days ; (N, O, P) Adults showing lateral, dorsal and ventral views, respectively.

Plate 8

Leptocorisa oratorius infected with Beauveria bassiana: (A) dorsal view (B) ventral

view (C) stereoscopic magnification – x4

Plate 9