bible erv english 04 appendix

8/3/2019 Bible ERV English 04 Appendix

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Word List A

Aaron Moses’ brother, who was chosenas the first high priest of Israel.

Abel The son of Adam and Eve who was killedby his brother Cain. Read Gen. 4:1‑16.

Abib Or “Nisan,” the first month of the

ancient Hebrew calendar. The name means“young heads of grain.” It was the beginning of spring, about mid-March to mid-April.

Abraham The most respected ancestor of the Jewish people. Through him God prom-ised to make a great nation and bless all thepeople of the earth. Read Gen. 12:1‑3.

Achaia The region in the southern part of Greece where the ancient cities of Athensand Corinth were located.

Adriatic Sea The sea between Greece andItaly, including the central part of the Medi-terranean Sea.

adultery Breaking a marriage promise by committing sexual sin.

agreement A contract or agreement fromGod to his people. The agreement that Godgave his people at Mount Sinai, based on

the Law of Moses, became the most impor-tant for the Israelites or Jews. It replacedor renewed all other agreements, such asthat given earlier to Abraham. In the New Testament it is referred to as the “old” or“first” agreement. After Jesus Christ cameand offered his life as payment for the sinsof all people, God was able to offer a “new”and “better” agreement based on Christ’ssacrifice.

Agreement Where this is marked, it is liter-ally “Testimony,” a word that usually refersto the flat stones with the Ten Command-

alabaster A beautiful kind of stone that canbe carved.

aloes The oil from a sweet-smelling woodthat was used to make perfume (Ps. 45:8Prov. 7:17) or the bitter juice from a cactuslike plant that was used to prepare bodie

for burial (Jn. 19:39).

altar A raised area, pile of stones, or table where sacrifices were offered as gifts tGod. An important altar was the one infront of the Temple in Jerusalem. See also“golden altar.”

Amen A Hebrew word meaning “That’right,” “True,” or “Yes.” It is used toexpress strong agreement with what habeen said.

Anakites Descendants of Anak. They were afamily famous for tall and powerful fightingmen. See Num. 13:33.

ancestors Literally, “fathers,” meaning aperson’s parents, grandparents, and all theother people that person is descended fromIn the New Testament it usually refers topeople who lived during Old Testamentimes.

anoint To pour a special oil on people othings to show that they have been chosenby God and set apart for a special work opurpose.

apostle A follower of Jesus chosen to represent him in a special way. During hiearthly ministry, Jesus named twelve menas apostles. They had the specific responsibility and authority to represent him

and proclaim his message throughout the world. Later, he appeared to Paul and gavehim a similar commission, especially to



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Aram A country north of Israel that includedmuch of modern-day Syria. See Isa. 7:1; 17:3.

Aramaic The language of the Arameans, which became the main language of tradeand diplomacy in the ancient near east dur-ing the Assyrian, the Neo-Babylonian, and

Persian empires. Throughout this periodof the first century b.c. it was common forofficial letters to be written in Aramaic.Similar to Hebrew, it later became thecommon language of many Jews and is thespoken “Hebrew” referred to in the New Testament.

Ararat The ancient country of Urartu, anarea in eastern Turkey.

archangel The leader among God’s angels.

archer A person skilled in using a bow toshoot arrows.

Areopagus council A group of important leaders in Athens who served like judges.

armor bearer A young man who carried a soldier’s weapons.

armor The special clothes soldiers wore toprotect themselves in war.

army officer A centurion, a Roman army offi-cer who had authority over 100 soldiers.

Artaxerxes The king of Persia about 465‑424 b.c. He was the son of Xerxes.See Ezra 4:7; 7:1.

Asherah pole A wooden pole (originally,perhaps, a tree trunk) that was set up to

honor the goddess Asherah.

Asherah An important Canaanite goddess,the wife of the Canaanite god El and pos-sibly Baal. People thought she could helpthem have children.

Ashtoreth Or “Astarte,” an important Canaanite goddess, the wife of the Canaan-ite god Baal and possibly El. Called the“Queen of Heaven,” she was the goddess

of love and war.

Asia The geographical area, sometimes called

Balaam A non-Israelite prophet in the OldTestament who was hired by Balak, king of Moab, to curse his enemy Israel. ReadNum. 22‑24.

baptism A Greek word usually referring tothe act of dipping or “burying” a person

briefly in water, connected with their deci-sion to change their life and turn to God,trusting him to forgive their sins. For peo-ple coming to faith in Jesus Christ it was anexpression of their trust in his death as thesacrifice God accepted to pay for their sins.Described as a sharing in the death, burial,and resurrection of Christ, it marked thebeginning of their new life in Christ as part of God’s people. See Acts 2:38; Rom. 6:3, 4;Gal. 3:26‑28; Col. 2:12, 13.

baptize To perform the act of baptism. See“baptism.”

Bashan The northern part of Israel east of the Jordan River.

Bel One of the names of the god Marduk, themost important god of the Babylonians.

believer Where this word is marked, it is lit-erally “brother,” a term used by followersof Jesus Christ to refer to fellow membersof God’s family.

Bernice King Agrippa’s sister, the oldest daughter of Herod Agrippa I.

Bethsaida A town by Lake Galilee that Jesus visited during his teaching ministry and where he performed many miracles.

blacksmith A person who makes weapons,

tools or other things from iron.

boomerang A curved stick used in hunt-ing birds. When thrown properly, it flieslow to the ground and suddenly curvesupward, often returning to the thrower.Literally, “a bow of throwing” or “a bow of deception.”

Box of God’s Agreement See “Box of the Agreement.”

Box of the Agreement Or traditionally,“Ark of the Covenant.” The special box

Aram – Box of the Agreement



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Box of the Lord’s Agreement See “Box of the Agreement.”

bridegroom A man who is getting married.

bronze A type of metal made from coppermixed with tin. The Hebrew word can

mean “copper,” “brass,” or “bronze.”

burnt offering A gift to God. Usually these were animals that were killed and com-pletely burned on the altar.

CCaesar The name or title given to theemperor (ruler) of Rome.

Cain The son of Adam and Eve who killed his

brother Abel. Read Gen. 4:1‑

16.

Canaan The land where the Canaanites lived.In the time of Joshua the Israelites fought for this land and eventually controlled most of it. It was generally the same area that waslater called Palestine and included what arenow Israel and Lebanon.

Capernaum A town on the northern shoreof Lake Galilee where Jesus often spent time and taught.

capital A decorated cap made of stone or woodand placed on top of each of the columnsthat support the roof of a building.

captive One of those who have been defeatedin battle and are taken away as prisoners.

caravan A group of traders with their ani-mals that carried products from one placeto another.

Carmel A famous mountain (or high hill) innorthern Israel that had good soil and plenty of rain. The name means “God’s vineyard.”See Isa. 33:9; 35:2.

cassia The fragrant dried flowers of theancient cinnamon tree that were used inanointing oil and as perfume.

chaff The seed coverings and stems sepa-

rated from the seeds of plants like wheat orbarley. Farmers saved the seeds but let thewind blow the useless chaff away.

chariot A small, two-wheeled cart pulled byhorses and used in war.

Chemosh The national god of the country oMoab.

Cherub angels Winged beings like angel

that serve God, usually as guards around hithrone or other holy places. Two statues othese beings were on the cover of the Boxof the Agreement that represented God’presence. See Ex. 25:10‑22.

Cherub See Cherub angels.

Chorazin A town by Lake Galilee that Jesu visited during his teaching ministry an where he performed many miracles.

Christ Literally, “Anointed,” a title thacomes from the Old Testament ceremonyin which perfumed oil was poured orubbed on someone being appointed toa high office, especially that of prophetpriest, or king, to show that this person

was chosen by God for that role. ThHebrew word is “Messiah,” a title used foOld Testament kings and for the one God

would send as prophet, priest, and king tobring people back to a good relationship

with him.

church Literally, “assembly” or “community,” the people who have been broughtogether as God’s family through their common faith in Jesus Christ. The word oftenrefers to a group of believers who meetogether or who live in the same area, buit is also used to mean the worldwide community of all believers in Christ.

circumcise, circumcision Cutting off theforeskin of the male sex organ. This wadone to every Jewish baby boy as a markof the agreement God made with AbrahamRead Gen. 17:9‑14. Sometimes “circumcision” is used with “heart” in the figurativesense of true devotion to God. (See Jer. 9:26Rom. 2:28.) In the New Testament “circumcision” is also used in a spiritual senseto refer to the changed life of believers whohave come to share in the new agreemen

God gave his people through Jesus. (SeePhp. 3:3; Col. 2:11.)

Box of the LORD’ S Agreement – clean



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participate in the worship of God at theHoly Tent (Tabernacle) or Temple. See Lev.11‑15 for the Old Testament rules about clean and unclean things.

coral A hard, stone-like substance, usually pink, red, or black, that is formed from the

skeletons of tiny sea animals and covers theocean floor in certain areas.

cornerstone The first and most important stone of a building.

courtyard The large open area around a king’s palace or outside the Temple.

cross The wooden post that Romans used toexecute criminals. It is a symbol of shame,

suffering and death. Just as Jesus was will-ing to suffer death on a cross for all people,so he asks his followers to be willing to giveup their lives for him.

crown Literally, “wreath,” a ring of leaves orbranches that was placed on the head of the

winners of athletic contests to honor them.It is a symbol of victory and reward.

cud The food that is brought up from thestomach of some animals (like cattle) andchewed again. See Lev. 11.

curse To ask for bad things to happen to a person or thing. As a noun it is a request foror warning about bad things to come.

curtain The curtain that separated the innersanctuary (Most Holy Place) from the front room in the Tabernacle (see “Holy Tent”)and in the Jerusalem Temple. It representedthe spiritual barrier that kept people from

entering God’s presence. When Jesus died,the curtain was torn open (Mt. 27:51), which

was a symbol to show that in the heavenly temple the way into God’s presence hadbeen opened. See Heb. 10:19, 20.

cymbals A pair of circular metal plates that are hit against each other to make a loudsound.

Cyprus Literally, “the land of Kittim.” This

could be either Cyprus or Crete.

Cyrus A king of Persia who ruled about

that describe Satan’s kingdom, such as sinand evil.

David Israel’s greatest king, who ruledabout 1000 years before Christ. Besidesbeing a great military and political leader,he was a deeply spiritual man and a gifted

musician, who wrote many of the Psalms.He made plans and arrangements for thebuilding of the first Temple in Jerusalem(“the city of David”), which was actu-ally completed by his son Solomon. TheScriptures said that a descendant of David

would be God’s chosen messiah (king), who would establish an eternal kingdom.For that reason, Jesus is sometimes called“the Son of David.”

Day of Atonement Also called “Yom Kip-pur,” a very important holy day for thepeople of Israel. On this day the highpriest went into the Most Holy Place andperformed the ceremony that made it pure and atoned for (covered or erased)the sins of the people. See Lev. 16:1‑34;23:26‑32.

day A symbol for the kinds of things that describe God’s kingdom, such as goodnessand truth.

Day The day Christ will come to judge every-one and take his people to live with him.

dedicate To offer something to God with a promise that it will be used only for him, orto set apart something for a special purpose,

which means it can then be used only forthat purpose.

dedication The act of dedicating something

to God. See “dedicate.”

deed A written record that proves who ownsa certain piece of property. See Jer. 32.

demon An evil spirit from the devil.

director This title is part of a phrase foundat the beginning of many of the Psalms. It could also mean “performer.”

discharge Fluid from a person’s body, includ-ing pus from sores, a man’s semen, or a woman’s period flow.

coral – dysentery



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EEdom A country southeast of Judah. It isalso known as Seir after the mountain range

by that name in Edom. The Edomites aredescendants of Esau, Jacob’s twin brother. At times, they were enemies of the Israelites.

elders (in Revelation) The 24 elders in

Revelation could be the great leaders of God’s people under both the Old Testament and New Testament periods, combining the leaders of the twelve tribes of Israeland Jesus’ twelve apostles. Or they couldbe angels as leaders of heavenly worship,corresponding to the 24 groups of priests incharge of worship in the Old Testament.

elders (New Testament) A group of menchosen to lead a church. Also called “over-

seers” and “pastors” (shepherds), they havethe work of caring for God’s people. See Acts 14:23; 20:17, 28; Eph. 4:11; Php. 1:1;1 Tim. 3:1‑7; Tit. 1:5‑9; 1 Pet. 5:1‑3.

elders (Old Testament) Older men who were city leaders and helped make deci-sions for the people.

Elijah A very important Israelite leader andprophet who spoke for God during a 25-

year period ending about 850 b.c. In thetime of Jesus, the Jews were expecting Eli-

jah to come again before the Messiah. SeeMal. 4:5‑6.

Elisha A prophet who served as an assistant to the prophet Elijah and carried on Elijah’sministry after about 850 b.c.

emperor Caesar, the ruler (leader) of theRoman empire.

ephod A special vest (coat) worn by the Isra-elite high priest. See Ex. 28:6‑14.

Ephraim The second son of Joseph and thename of one of the tribes of Israel. Some-times it is used as the name for the north-ern kingdom of Israel, since Ephraim wasmost often the leading tribe.

Esau Jacob’s twin brother. Also, another namefor Edom. The Edomites were descendants

of Esau.

Ethiopia Or “Cush,” a country in Africa by

Evil One The devil or Satan, the ruler odemons and enemy of God.

exile Living away from one’s home countryusually by force.

F false prophet A person who claims tospeak for God but does not really speakGod’s truth.

famine A time when there is not enough rainfor crops to grow, causing people and animals to die without enough food or water.

fast To live without food for a time of prayeor mourning.

fathers Important ancestors of the Jewishpeople, especially the leaders of the tribeof Israel.

fawn A baby deer.

fellowship offering An offering to God tha was also eaten by the person giving thsacrifice and shared with others, especiallyduring New Moon celebrations.

Festival of Harvest A one-day celebrationof the wheat harvest in the spring, fiftydays after Passover, during which the firspart of the new crop was offered to GodOften called “Festival of Weeks,” it waslater known as “Pentecost” (from the Greek

word meaning “fifty”).

Festival of Shelters A special week each year when the Israelites, and later the Jewslived in tents to remember God’s protectionduring the time their people wandered in

the desert for 40 years with Moses. Alsocalled “Festival of Ingathering” (Ex. 23:1634:22). Read Lev. 23:33‑36, 39‑43.

Festival of Unleavened Bread An important and holy week for the people of Israeand their descendants. In the time of theOld Testament it began the day after Passover, but by New Testament times the twofestivals had become one. To prepare foit, the people threw out all their yeast and

ate only bread without yeast for sevendays.”

Edom – firstborn



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the father’s death. From this idea the worddeveloped the meaning of a person who hasa place of honor, a high position, or specialimportance. This is the sense of the word

when it is used in the New Testament torefer to Jesus Christ. (It had already beenused in the Old Testament to describe the

Messiah. See Ps. 89:27.)

fortress A building or city with tall, strong walls for protection.

fortuneteller A person who tries to usemagic to learn what will happen in thefuture.

frankincense Special dried tree sap that wasburned to make a sweet-smelling smoke

and offered as a gift to God. See “incense.”

Free Men Jews who had been slaves or whose fathers had been slaves, but werenow free.

furnace Or “kiln,” an oven for baking bricksto make them hard.

G

gazelle A small, fast kind of antelope, ananimal like a deer.

Gibeah A place where some men from thetribe of Benjamin committed a terrible sin.See Judges 19 and 20.

Gilead The area east of the Jordan River where the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and half the tribe of Manasseh lived. See Num.26:29.

Gilgal A city in Israel where people had wor-

shiped God but later became known as a place where people worshiped false gods.

gittith This might be a type of instrument,a tune, a music style, or a performer inthe Temple orchestra such as Obed Edomfrom Gath (the Gittite). See I Chron. 15:21;16:4‑7.

Glory of the Lord One of the forms Godused when he appeared to people. It was

like a bright, shining light. In the book of Numbers it might have been a bright light or a tall cloud.

Glory See “Glory of the Lord.”

goad A sharp stick that a person used tomake animals go the right way.

God’s kingdom The “reign” or “rule” of God over all people who submit to him by

accepting Jesus as the Christ (the appointedking), who represents God’s kingdom onearth. Jesus was the perfect example of submission to the will of God. When peo-ple give control of their lives to Jesus, they become part of God’s kingdom and beginto enjoy the blessings he has promised hispeople from the beginning. (Note that inMatthew this term also translates the Greek

word “kingdom” by itself or the phrase,“the kingdom of the heavens,” which was

used by Jews as a way to avoid saying thedivine name.)

golden altar The table made from acacia wood and covered with gold that was usedin the Holy Tent for burning incense as a gift to God.

goldsmith A person who makes things fromgold.

Gomorrah A city that God destroyed,together with the city of Sodom, becausethe people living there were so evil. SeeGen. 19.

Good News In the Gospels this is usually the news about the coming of God’s king-dom (see above) or its representative JesusChrist. In other places it is, more specifi-cally, the news or message of God’s grace—that he has made a way through JesusChrist for people to be made right with him

and enjoy his blessings now and forever.

grace The love and kindness that God showsin his complete willingness to give peoplefavors he does not owe them and blessingsthey don’t deserve.

grave Or “Sheol,” the home of the dead.This word is often used as a metaphor fordeath.

Greek A non-Jewish person anywherethroughout the first century world who wasinfluenced by Greek language and culture.

fortress – Hermes



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Herod (1) Herod I (the Great), king of Judea and all of Palestine (40‑4 b.c.),Mt. 2:1‑22; Lk. 1:5; Acts 23:35. (2) Herod

Antipas, son of Herod the Great, tetrarch(ruler) of Galilee and Perea (4 b.c.-39 a.d.),Mt. 14:1‑6; Mk. 6:14‑22; 8:15; Lk. 3:1, 19;8:3; 9:7, 9; 13:31; 23:7‑15; Acts 4:27; 13:1.

(3) Herod Agrippa I, grandson of Herodthe Great, king of Palestine (37‑

44 a.d.), Acts 12:1, 6‑21.

Herodians Members of a Jewish politicalgroup who were supporters of Herod andcooperated with the Pharisees in finding a

way to stop Jesus from teaching.

Hezekiah A king of Judah who ruled about 715‑686 b.c.

high place A place of worship usually ontop of a hill, a mountain, or a man-madeplatform. Although high places were some-times used for the worship of God, they aremost often associated with pagan worshipof false gods.

high priest The most important priest andleader of the Israelites or the Jews, God’speople under the “old agreement.” Underthe “new agreement” the high priest for God’s people is Jesus Christ. ReadHeb. 7:11‑8:13.

Holy Box See “Box of the Agreement.”

holy bread This was the special bread that was set out on a table in the Holy Tent asan offering to God. It is also called “show-bread” or “bread of the Presence.” Nor-mally, only the priests were allowed to eat this bread. See Lev. 24:5‑9.

holy people Literally, “saints” or “holy ones,” a term used in the New Testament to describe followers of Jesus Christ asGod’s special people. They are holy becausethey have been made pure through Christ and belong only to God. See “holy.”

Holy Place The room in the Holy Tent (Tab-ernacle) and in the Temple that was used by the Israelite priests to do their daily service

for God.

Holy Spirit Also called the Spirit of God,

went to meet with God. It was used untiSolomon built the Temple in Jerusalem.

holy When referring to people or things, holymeans set apart or chosen for a special useespecially, belonging to God or used onlyfor him. It can also mean pure or perfect

worthy of God and fit for his service. WhenGod is called holy, in addition to the idea opure and perfect, it often means he is completely separate or different from and aboveeverything else that exists. In the New Testament God’s people are holy because theyhave been made perfect and pure throughChrist and, with the help of the Holy Spiritkeep themselves away from sin and liveonly for God.

horns of the altar The horn-shaped cornerof the altar (see “altar”) used for burningsacrifices that was in the courtyard of theHoly Tent (see “Holy Tent”) and Temple(see “Temple”). See Ex. 27:2; 38:2. Theincense altar inside the Holy Tent also hadcorners shaped like horns. See Ex. 30:237:25. The law said that a person accusedof killing someone (except willful murdercould run into the Holy Place (see “HolyPlace”), take hold of these horns, and nobe punished. See Ex. 21:12‑14.

hypocrisy Pretending to be good while hiding wrong motives.

hypocrite A person with wrong motives whopretends to be good.

hyssop A plant with fine branches and leaveused for sprinkling blood or water in cleansing ceremonies.

I idol A statue of a false god that people worship. It can also mean anything that is moreimportant to a person than God.

Illyricum A Roman province north and wesof Greece.

incense Special dried tree sap that waburned to make a sweet-smelling smokeand offered as a gift to God.

Isaac The son of Abraham and one of themost important ancestors of the Israelite

Herod – Israe



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Israelite Belonging to the nation of Israel(see “Israel”).

J jackal A kind of wild dog that stays wherethere are no people. Jackals usually hunt

together in a pack.

Jacob Or “Israel,” ancestor of the peopleof Israel (also called Israelites and, later,

Jews). See Gen. 32:24‑28 for the story of how Jacob was given the name Israel. He

was the father of twelve sons from whomthe twelve tribes of Israel descended, andthe name Jacob continued to be used for thenation or people of Israel.

Jeremiah A man who spoke for God about

600 b.c.

John the Baptizer The man God chose totell people about Christ’s coming and toprepare them by warning them to changetheir lives and by baptizing them (see “bap-tize”) as a sign of their decision to change.Read Mt. 3; Mk. 1:1‑11; Lk. 1:5‑25, 57‑80;3:1‑18.

John See “John the Baptizer.”

Joshua The Israelite military captain who,after Moses died, took his place as theleader of the Israelites and led them intothe land that God had promised them.

Jotham A king of Judah who ruled with hisfather Uzziah from 750 to 740 b.c., andthen alone from 740 to 732 b.c.

Jubilee A special horn and the festivalmarked by the blowing of it to announce

that the time had come for slaves to be set free and land returned to the original own-ers. See Lev. 25:9.

Judah One of the 12 sons of Jacob (Israel);also the tribe and, later, the nation namedafter him. Described as the “southernkingdom,” it was made up of the Israelitetribes that occupied the southern part of Palestine, while the northern tribes wereunited into a “northern kingdom” known

as Israel.

judge One of the civic leaders who judged,

kingdom See “God’s kingdom.”

LLamb A symbolic name for Jesus Christ.It means that he was an offering for sin

like the lambs that were offered as a sacri-fice to God in the Old Testament.

law This usually refers to God’s law as it isrepresented in the Mosaic Law, the rules hegave to the Israelites through Moses (SeeEx. 34:29‑32). Sometimes it may mean theprinciple of law rather than a specific law or set of laws.

lay hands on This act was a way of asking God to bless people in a special way—toheal them, to cause the Holy Spirit to come

into them, or to give them power for a spe-cial work.

leatherworker Or “tanner,” a person whomakes leather from animal skins.

Lebanon A country north of Israel, famousfor its great cedar and pine trees.

leper A person who has leprosy. See “leprosy.”

leprosy A very bad skin disease. The wordin the text has a broad sense, which may include many different types of skin disease.

Levi The tribe of Israel from which the priests(descendants of Aaron) and the priests’helpers were chosen.

Levite Any of the men from the tribe of Levi, who helped the Israelite priests in the Holy Tent (Tabernacle) and Temple. In laterperiods some Levites worked for the civil

government.

light A symbol for the kinds of things that describe God or his kingdom, such as good-ness and truth.

lily A kind of flower. In the Song of Solomon,it is probably a red flower.

linen Thread or cloth made from the fibers of the flax plant.

locusts Insects like grasshoppers that coulddestroy a large crop very quickly. See Ex.

Israelite – lyre



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MMacedonia The northern part of Greece, where Thessalonica and

Philippi were.

make … pure Or “make atonement for ….”The Hebrew word means “to cover,” or “toerase” a person’s sins.

man of God Another title for a prophet. See“prophet.”

manna The special food provided by Godthat the Israelites gathered daily from theground during the 40 years they wanderedthrough the desert. See Ex. 16:4‑36.

Marduk The most important god of the Baby-lonian people.

maskil The meaning of this word is uncer-tain. It might mean “a poem of meditation,”“a poem of instruction,” or “a skillfully

written poem.”

mast The tall pole to which the sail is tiedon a sailboat.

Medes and Persians See “Medes.”

Medes People of the Medo-Persian Empire(also called Media), which defeated theNeo-Babylonian Empire in 539 b.c. SeeIsa. 13:17.

mediator A person who helps one per-son talk to or give something to anotherperson.

medium A person who tries to talk with thespirits of people who have died.

Meeting Tent See “Holy Tent.”

Melchizedek A priest and king who lived inthe time of Abraham. See Gen. 14:17‑24.

memorial stone A stone that was set up tohelp people remember something special.In ancient Israel, people often set up stonesat places where they worshiped false gods.

merchant A person who earns a living by

buying and selling things.

mercy-cover The top part of the Box of the

probably the same as the god Molech. See1 Kings 11:5, 7.

mildew A kind of fungus that often grows oncloth, leather, or wood that is in a warmdamp place. The Hebrew word also means“leprosy” or “skin disease.”

mill Two large, flat rocks used for grindinggrain to make flour.

Millo Probably the stone foundation wallthat were built on the steep slopes southeast of the Temple area in Jerusalem.

millstone A large, round stone used fogrinding grain.

miracle An amazing act done by the poweof God.

miraculous sign An amazing act that demonstrates the power of God.

Moab A country east of the Dead Sea, namedafter one of Lot’s sons. See Gen. 19:37.

Molech A false god. This name is like theHebrew word meaning “king.”

Moses One of the most important leaderof the Israelites during the time of the OldTestament. God used him to give the peoplehis law, which is often called “the Law oMoses.”

Most Holy Place Literally, “holy of holies,”the most important room in the Holy Tenor the Temple, where the Box of the Agreement was kept. It was like a throne room

where God sat as king of Israel and where

the high priest entered into his presence onthe Day of Atonement.

Mount Horeb Another name for MounSinai.

Mount of Olives A hill east of the city o Jerusalem from which a person could sethe Temple area.

Mount Paran This is probably an importan

mountain west of the Gulf of Aqaba andnorth of Mount Sinai.

Macedonia – mourn, mourners



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lost. In ancient Israel people often put onspecial clothes, cried very loudly, and put ashes on their head to show their sadness.Professional “mourners” were sometimespaid to do this at a funeral.

mustard A plant that has a very small seed

but grows taller than a man.

myrrh Sweet-smelling sap from the bark of trees or other plants that was used for per-fume and also to prepare bodies for burial.Mixed with wine, it was probably used torelieve pain (Mk. 15:23).

Nnard Very expensive oil from the root of the nard plant. It was used as a perfume.

Nazirite A person who has made a special vow of dedication to God. This name isfrom the Hebrew word meaning “to sepa-rate” or “to consecrate” and refers to thepromise Nazirites made to separate them-selves from others and dedicate themselvesto God by following certain requirements.See Num. 6:1‑21.

Negev The desert area in the southern part of Judah.

Nephilim A kind of superhuman race that appeared before the flood. Sometimes trans-lated “giants,” the name might come froma Hebrew word meaning “people who havefallen.” Later, the Nephilim were a famousfamily whose men were tall and powerfulfighters. See Gen. 6:2‑4; Num. 13:32‑33.

new agreement The “better agreement”that God has given to his people through

Jesus Christ. See “agreement.”

New Moon The first day of the month forIsraelites or Jews, which they celebratedas a special day of rest and worship. Thepeople met together and shared in thefellowship offerings like those described inLev. 7:16‑21.

night A symbol for the kinds of things that describe Satan’s kingdom, such as sin and

evil.

Nisan See “Abib.”

Holy Place,” the standard measure of weight used in the Tabernacle and the Temple.

official Where this is marked the word in thetext is “eunuch,” a man in an important government position or a servant in chargeof a ruler’s household. See “eunuch.”

onyx A precious stone with layers of blue orgray.

ostrich A fast-running bird with very long legs and neck. The largest and most pow-erful of all birds, it commonly lives in thedesert.

P

papyrus A reed-like plant used to make

a type of paper used for writing. It wasalso used to make many other things, suchas baskets, rope, sandals, roofing material,and even boats.

paradise A wonderful place of blessing, where God’s people go when they die.

parchment Something like paper made fromthe skins of sheep and used for writing on.

Passover A very important holy day for thepeople of Israel and their descendants.They ate a special meal on this day every

year to remember that God made them freefrom slavery in Egypt in the time of Moses.The name may come from the word inEx. 12:13, 23, 27 that means “to pass over”or “to protect.”

Pentecost An Israelite or Jewish festivalcelebrating the wheat harvest fifty daysafter Passover. See “Festival of Harvest.”

persecute To hurt, cause trouble for, or dobad things to someone, especially becauseof their beliefs.

persecution The act of persecuting or being persecuted. See “persecute.”

Persians See “Medes.”

Peter Where this is marked, the Greek text

has “Cephas,” the Aramaic name for Peter,one of Jesus’ twelve apostles. Both namesmean “rock.”

mustard – Philistines



1029

the Israelites entered it and were theirstrongest enemy.

philosopher A person who spends muchtime studying, thinking, talking, or writ-ing about different ideas and trying to gain

wisdom.

Pilate, Pontius The Roman governor of Judea, 26‑36 a.d. Read Lk. 23:1‑3.

pillar One of the tall, carved stones used tohold up the roof of a building.

pomegranate A red fruit filled with tiny seeds, each covered with a sweet, juicy part of the fruit.

potter Someone who makes pottery (jars,bowls, etc.) from clay. The Hebrew wordalso means “creator” or “a person whomakes new things.”

prefect An important government official.

Preparation day Friday, the day before theSabbath day.

prize See “crown.”

prophecy A message or teaching from God. Also, the ability and authority from God tospeak for him.

prophesy To speak or teach things from God.

prophet A person who speaks a messagefrom God. Many of the books in the OldTestament are messages spoken or writtenby “the prophets,” who were some of thoseGod chose to speak for him. God often used

dreams or visions to tell or show his proph-ets what they should say.

prophetess A woman prophet.

proverb A wise saying or short story that teaches a lesson.

pure See “make … pure.”

QQueen of Heaven Probably the falsegoddess Astarte. She was the goddess of

sex and war, worshiped by the people of

is often a symbol for God’s enemies or foranything evil.

resurrection Being raised from death to liveagain.

Rezin A king of Aram who ruled abou

740‑

731 b.c.

Rock A name for God that means he is a place where people can find safety, like a highmountain or the strong wall of a fortress.

ruler of the evil powers See “Satan.”

ruler of this world See “Satan.”

SSabbath Saturday, the seventh day of the week and a special day for Israelites o Jews. By God’s command it was set aside aa time for the people to rest and honor God

sackcloth A rough cloth made from animahair that people sometimes wore to showsadness.

sacrifice To offer a gift to God as an expression of worship, thanksgiving, or paymenfor sin. Also, the gift that is offered. In theOld Testament it was usually a special animal that was killed and burned on an altarThe Old Testament sacrifices offered fosins were symbolic of the perfect sacrificethat God himself would provide through

Jesus Christ. Jesus gave his own life as sacrifice to pay for the sins of all people. SeeHeb. 10:1‑14.

Sadducees A leading Jewish religious groupThey accepted only the first five books o

the Old Testament and believed that people will not live again after death.

Samaria During Old Testament times, thecapital city of Israel, the northern Israelite kingdom. In New Testament times, thename refers to the central hill country, thegeneral area that had been occupied by thenorthern kingdom.

Samaritans During New Testament times

the people who lived in Samaria, the regionnorth of Judea. They were part Jewish andfollowed the Law of Moses, but the Jews o

philosopher – Satan



1030

satrap An official who ruled over a Persianprovince.

scepter A special stick carried by kings toshow their authority.

scribe Originally, an educated man who was

skilled in reading and writing. By New Tes-tament times scribes had become a distinct social and political group. Because of their

work in copying the Scriptures and writing down explanations of the Law of Moses,many became experts in the law and wererespected as teachers, lawyers, or judges.

Scripture Part of the Scriptures or “Holy Writings”—the Old Testament.

scroll A long roll of paper or leather used for writing on.

seal A small stone or ring with a picturecarved in it that was pressed into wet clay or hot wax to hold down the loose end of a scroll. It left a special mark, also calleda seal, that was like a signature to keepanyone from opening the scroll except theright person.

seer A kind of prophet (see “prophet”) whoreceived messages from God in visions.

Selah A word appearing in Psalms andHabakkuk that was apparently an instruc-tion for the singers or musicians, perhapsmeaning to pause or to get louder.

Sennacherib A king of Assyria who ruledabout 706‑681 b.c.

Seraph angels Special angels that God used

as messengers. The name might mean that they were bright like fire.

Sharon Valley The lowlands along the coast of Palestine.

sheath A leather or metal case for carrying a sword or knife.

sheminith The meaning of this word is uncer-tain, but it may refer to a type of instrument,

a special way of tuning an instrument, orone of the groups that played harps in theTemple orchestra. See 1 Chron. 15:21.

then Sheshbazzar was the first governor of Judah, and Zerubbabel was the second.

sickle A tool with a curved blade for harvest-ing grain and other crops.

Sidon A non-Jewish city on the coast of

Phoenicia (modern Lebanon).

sign See “miraculous sign.”

signet ring A type of seal that was worn onthe finger. See “seal.”

silver coin Or “denarius,” a Roman coin that was worth the average pay for one day’s work.

sin offering Or “purification offering,” a sacrifice that was offered to God to removeimpurities from sin and make a person fit to

worship God.

skin disease Traditionally translated “lep-rosy,” the Hebrew word means any of sev-eral diseases that cause rashes or sores onthe skin.

slave woman Or “concubine,” a woman who was owned by a man and treated likea wife.

sling A strip of leather used for throwing rocks.

snuffers Tools used to put out the flame onlamps.

Sodom A city that God destroyed, together with the city of Gomorrah, because the peo-ple living there were so evil. See Gen. 19.

Solomon’s Porch An area on the east side of the Temple, covered by a roof.

Son of David A name for the Christ (Mes-siah) because it was prophesied that he

would come from the family of David. See“David.”

son of David Any person from the family of David. See “David.”

Son of Man The name that Jesus most oftenused for himself. The phrase in Hebrew or

satrap – song of David



1031

sorcery When a person tries to use the powerof demons and evil spirits to do magic.

special servant The Greek word is diakonos, which is usually translated “servant.” How-ever, in three places (Rom. 16:1; Php. 1:2;1 Tim. 3:8‑13) the service of those so

described is associated with a local church,indicating that they were chosen to serve insome special way. Compare Acts 6:1‑6.

spelt A kind of grain like wheat.

Spirit See “Holy Spirit.”

survivors People who have escaped a disas-ter. Where this is marked, it means the Jew-ish people who survived the destruction of

Judah and Israel by its enemies.

synagogue A place in many cities where Jews gathered for prayer, study of the Scrip-tures, and other public meetings.

Syrtis A shallow area in the sea near theLibyan coast.

T

tar Or “pitch,” a thick oil that must beheated to become liquid and that is used to

seal the boards with which ships are built.

Tarshish A city far away from Israel, prob-ably in Spain, famous for its large ships that sailed the Mediterranean Sea.

tax collector A Jew hired by the Romans tocollect taxes. Tax collectors often cheated,and the other Jews hated them.

Teman An area in the northern part of Edom,

although the name means “South.”

Temple The permanent building in Jerusalemthat replaced the portable “Holy Tent” that

was used by the Israelites from the time of their wandering in the desert to the reign of King Solomon, when the first Temple wasbuilt. Like the Holy Tent, the Temple wasthe center of Israelite worship, althoughprovision was made for it to be “a house of prayer for all nations” (Isa. 56:7).

Ten Towns Greek, “Decapolis,” an area onthe east side of Lake Galilee that once had

him for doing good things for them. A part othe animal being offered was burned on thealtar, but the people ate most of it in a fellowship meal at the Temple. See Lev. 7:11‑26.

the Way A symbolic name used by followerof Jesus Christ to describe their faith as “the

way” to God through Jesus.

threshing Putting newly harvested wheat oother grain on a hard floor and walking onit or beating it with special tools to separatethe hulls (see “chaff”) from the grain.

Thummim See “Urim.”

Tigris One of the two large rivers that flowthrough the countries of Babylonia and

Assyria.

tomb A grave dug in a wall of rock or a building where a dead body is buried. It can alsobe a small building made to show respecfor important people who had died.

torture To hurt or cause someone pain, oftento force them to say something against thei

will.

traitor A person who turns against his or herown country, friends, or family and doeanything to help their enemy.

tree of life The tree whose fruit gives peoplethe power to live forever. See Gen. 2:93:22 and Rev. 22:1‑2.

tribute Money paid to a foreign king onation for protection.

tunic A piece of clothing like a long

undershirt.

turban A head covering made by wrapping along piece of cloth around the top part of thehead or around a cap worn on the head.

Tyre A non-Jewish city on the coast of Phoenicia (modern Lebanon).

Uunclean Impure or unacceptable. When

it refers to animals, it means not fit to beeaten. When it refers to things, it meannot pure or fit to be used, especially in the

sorcery – unleavened



1032

Urim The Urim and Thummim were prob-ably small stone, metal, or wooden piecesthat the high priest kept in the judgment pouch he wore. They were used, perhapslike dice, to get answers from God. SeeEx. 28:30.

Uzziah A king of Judah who ruled with hisfather Amaziah from 792 to 767 b.c., andthen alone from 767 to 740 b.c.

Vvineyard A garden or farm where grapesare grown.

virgin A woman, especially a young woman, who is not married and has never had sex-ual relations.

vision Something like a dream used by Godto speak to people.

vow A very strong promise that a personmakes, sometimes to God and often using the name of God or something else knownto be real or important. It may include a

wish to be punished if the promise is not kept.

vulture Or “eagle,” a bird of prey that eatsdead animals.

Wwafer A thin bread, like a cracker, made without yeast.

watchman A guard who stood on the city wall, looked for enemy soldiers, and warned the people of the city if he saw trouble coming.

will The legal paper that people sign to giveinstructions about what should be done

with their possessions after they die.

winepress A place dug in rock used to mashgrapes and collect the juice for making

wine.

wineskin A bag made from the skin of ananimal and used for storing wine.

wise men Literally, “magi,” probably mean-ing pagan religious scholars who studiedthe stars to predict future events.

witchcraft Using magic or the power of Satan.

witness Anyone who tells what they have

seen or heard.

wizard A person who uses the power of Satan or evil spirits to do magic.

wonders Miracles that cause people to react with amazement and fear of God.

YYahweh A Hebrew name for God that is usually translated Lord. It is like the

Hebrew word meaning “He is” or “Hemakes things exist.”

yeast The part of bread dough that makes it rise. Sometimes it is used as a symbol of bad influence.

yoke A pole that was put across the shoul-ders of men, usually slaves, or animals andused in pulling or carrying heavy loads.

ZZealot A term used to describe Jews whohad an enthusiastic desire or “zeal” to

maintain the purity of Judaism—the land,the Temple, observance of the law and thetraditions. This desire included a willing-ness to do whatever necessary to protect this purity against any outside threat, suchas Roman control. This kind of spirit eventu-ally brought about the formation of a group of

Jewish patriots known as the Zealots. (Notethat in Mt. 10:4 and Mk. 3:18 “Zealot” is

used to translate the Aramaic term, “Canan-aean,” which had the same meaning.)

Zeus The most important of the gods in which the ancient Greeks believed.

Zion The southeastern part of the mountainthat Jerusalem is built on. Sometimes it means the city of Jerusalem, the people of God living there, or the Temple.

Urim – Zion



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