bi 121 lecture 3 …anatomy & physiology lab thurs! fun ......all @uoregon.edu day & time...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: BI 121 Lecture 3 …Anatomy & Physiology Lab Thurs! Fun ......All @uoregon.edu Day & Time Instructor Place e-mail T 10-11 am Pat Lombardi+ 65A Klamath lombardi T 11 am-12n Erik Burlingame](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050411/5f8885cc11957319d07a3684/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
BI 121 Lecture 3I. Announcements Registered? AEC Notes? Come to office hr!II. Connections Videos + Q about Homeostatic Model for BPIII.Cell Anatomy, Physiology & Compartmentalization LS ch 2
A. How big? What boundaries? Why compartments?pp19-21B. Basic survival skills ch 1 p 3C. Organelles ≡ Intracellular specialty shops w/membranes
1. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) 2. Golgi 3. Lysosomes 4. Peroxisomes & 5. Mitochondria. LS 2012 pp 20-34fig 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, 2-5, 2-6, 2-7, 2-8 pp 20-7 tab 2-1 p 36
D. What about vaults? LS 2006, p 32E. Physiol News Moms eggs execute Dad’s mitochondria?
IV.Anaerobic vs Aerobic Metabolism Overview Many sources!Mathews & Fox 1976...LS 2012 pp 26-33, fig 2-15 p 33
V. Introduction to Genetics LS 2012 ch 2 p 20-1 + Appendix CA. What’s a gene? Where? p A-18, fig C-2, C-3B. Why are genes important? p A-18C. What’s DNA & what does it look like? pp A-18 thru A-20D. How does information flow in the cell? fig C-6E. How does DNA differ from RNA? pp A-20 thru A-22F. Genetic code? pp A-22, A-23G. How are proteins made? fig C-7, C-9
…Anatomy & Physiology Lab Thurs! Fun again!
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All @uoregon.edu
Day & Time Instructor Place e-mail
T 10-11 am Pat Lombardi+ 65A Klamath lombardi
T 11 am-12n Erik Burlingame 32 Klamath eburling
W 12n-1 pm Hannah Soukup 484 Onyx hsoukup
F 9-10 am Hannah Soukup 484 Onyx hsoukup
+and by appointment. Please call 346-6055.
BI 121 Office Hr Fall 2016
Come see us!
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Connections?
Interstitium? Homeostasis?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B658Yn3INYc
https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/mit-k12/chem-and-bio/v/homeostasis
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+E
Ef
O
C
Electrochemical Signal
eg, Symp Accel N
CV Control Center
Brain Stem
HR
+
VC
BP
NB: Corrective Change Δ
Opposes Original Input I
IBP
RBaroreceptors/Pressure Receptors
eg, in Carotids & Aorta
I ’
Seated to
Standing
Venous
Pooling Electrochemical Signal
Blood Pressure Homeostasis
Short-
term vs
long-term!
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How Big? 100 Cells Lengthwise = 1 mm!!
1. Cell Membrane
?
?
?
2. Nuclear Membrane
http://opb.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.cell.nucleus/nucleus-cytoplasm-membrane/
d= 10-20 microns
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Cytoplasm = Cell - Nucleus
Cytosol = Cytoplasm - Organelles
[Extract nucleus; includes organelles]
[Extract organelles; complex gel-liquid]
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Why Compartments? Advantage?
Incompatible reactions can
take place
Simultaneously!!
DNA
Lysosome
Nucleus
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Basic Cell Survival Skills?1. Get food
2. Use food
3. Rid wastes
4. Move
5. Reproduce
How to live?
NNucleus or nose?
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fig 2-1 LS 2012
1 Sample Cartoon of 100 Trillion (100 x 1012) Cells!
http://opb.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.cell.organelles/organelles-in-the-cytoplasm/
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Golgi Complex
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Peroxisomes
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Rough & Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Protein & Lipid Synthesizing Factories
fig 2-2 LS 2012
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Electron Micrographs of Rough vs. Smooth ER
fig 2-2 LS 2012
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Secretion ofProteins
Producedby ER
fig 2-3 LS 2012
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Golgi Complex: Final Processing, Packaging
& Distribution
fig 2-4 LS 2012
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fig 2-5a LS 2012
Exocytosis: Primary Means of Secretion
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Endocytosis: Primary Means of Ingestion
fig 2-5b LS 2012
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fig 2-6 LS 2012
Lysosomesvs.
Peroxisomes
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Phagocytosis: Cell Eating!
fig 2-7 LS 2006
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L. Nilsson, Nat Geog 1986 10,000 x
Film: Neutrophil engulfing bacterium
http://devreotes.johnshopkins.edu/videos
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2H2O2
Catalase
2H2O + O2
Catalase Enzyme Reaction in PeroxisomesNeutralize Toxin at Production Site!
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Mitochondria: Energy Organelles
fig 2-8 LS 2012
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SOURCE: John Travis, Science News 2000;157(1), 5.
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Inside a fertilized egg, with its two sets of chromosomes (blue), the protein ubiquitin (red) tags sperm mitochondria (yellow).
SOURCE: Sutovsky P, Moreno RD, Ramalho-Santos J, Dominko T, Simerly C, Schatten G. Nature 1999;402(6760), 371-2.
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MITOCHONDRIONAEROBIC
ANAEROBIC
=
w/O2
without O2
= CYTOSOL
1. Immediate/ATP-PC
2. Glycolysis
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WOW!
I’M CHAMP!
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% A
TP
Su
pp
lied
Performance Time
Power Output
ATP-PC/
Immediate
Glycolysis
Oxygen
System15 - 30 s
1.5 – 3 m
> 3 – 5 m
MitochondriaCytosol
Modified after Mathews & Fox
Anaerobic Aerobic
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Adenosine P P P
Phosphates
ATP = Adenosine Tri PhosphateThe Common Energy Currency or the Cash Cells Understand!!
High Energy Phosphate Bonds
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Adenosine P P
Cleave One High Energy Phosphate Bond To Do Work!!
Make big things from little things!
Move things! Move things!
Synthesis of Macromolecules1
Membrane Transport
2Mechanical
Work3
Microscopic! Macroscopic!
P
Pi
7 – 10 KiloCalories/KCal
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Anaerobic vs. Aerobic Metabolism
fig 2-15 LS 2012
Anaerobic Glycolysis"sugar dissolving"
without O2. Net of 2 ATPper molecule of glucose
Aerobic Metabolism+mitochondrial processing of glucose with O2. Net of 32 ATP
per molecule of glucose
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AEROBIC w/O2
ANAEROBIC Immediate/ATP-PC
Glycolysis
CYTOSOL
MITOCHONDRIA
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Stages of Cellular Metabolism/Respiration
fig 2-9 LS 2012
AnaerobicGlycolysis
Cytosol
AerobicMetabolism
Mitochondria Matrix
Inner Membrane
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Glycolysis "sugar dissolving/splitting"
produces small amounts of ATP
fig 2-10 LS 2012
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fig 2-11 LS 2012+ David Oganesyan
http://pixdaus.com
Citric Acid Cycleproduces pairs of
electrons for cashing in at the nearby electron transport chain (ETC)
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Cashing in electrons at the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)produces an abundance of ATP energy molecules!
Cytosol
Outer mitochondrial
membrane
Inner...
fig 2-12 LS 2012
Rod Capaldi
U of O Biology
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= MITOCHONDRIONAEROBIC
w/O2
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
e-e-
e-
e-e-
“cash in”
for ATP Energy!!
e-
harvestelectrons
Goals of Aerobic Metabolism
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Cytoskeleton: Cell "Bone & Muscle"
Microtubule
Microfilament
Intermediatefilament
LS 2012 fig 2-17
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LS 2012 fig 2-18
Microtubular Highway!!
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4th Component: Microtrabecular Lattice?
LS 2006 fig 2-20
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Time-out for questions!
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What are DNA’s major functions?Heredity + Day-to-Day Cell Function
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What does DNA look like? Double-helix!!
LS fig C-2
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Gene = Stretch of DNA that codes for a protein
cf: LS fig C-3
Supercoiling
Histones
Gene DNA Double Helix
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What does DNA do, day-to-day?
cf: LS fig C-6
Protein
Transcription Translation
Nucleus Cytoplasm
RNA
Replication@ ribosomes
DNA
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DNA vs RNA?
1. Double-stranded
2. Deoxyribose
(without oxygen)
3. A, T, C, G
Thymine
4. Self-replicative
(can copy itself)
5. Nucleus
(+mitochondria)
1. Single-stranded
2. Ribose
(with oxygen)
3. A, U, C, G
Uracil
4. Needs DNA as
template
5. 10 Cytoplasm
(but Nucleus origin)
6. mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
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DNA mRNA tRNA
Triplets of bases code for amino acids,
the building blocks of proteins
codon anti-codon
AUA UAU
UGC ACG
AAA UUU
AUG UAC
code word
TAT
ACG
TTT
TAC
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D. Silverthorn, Physiology: An Integrated Approach. San Francisco: Pearson Education, 2010.
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Translation? Ribosomes Make Proteins
LS 2012 fig C-7
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Transfer RNA (tRNA)
LS fig C-8
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A Polyribosome. Which Way is Synthesis?
LS fig C-9
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Questions + Discussion