bharat bichitra january-february 2016 issue

Rvbyqvwi-†deªæqvwi 2016

evsjv‡`‡k fvi‡Zi

bZzb nvB Kwgkbvi

†mŠ nv `© m ¤úªx wZ I ˆg Îx i †m Zz e Ü

1. 12 wW‡m¤î 2015 AvBwmwmAvi †KvjKvZvq M¨vb‡Rm AvU© M¨vjvwi Av‡qvwRZ wkíx kvnveywÏ‡bi wPÎcÖ`k©bxi D‡Øvab Ki‡Qb gnvgvb¨ ivóªcwZ kÖx cÖYe gy‡Lvcva¨vq2. 13 wW‡m¤î 2015 cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbvi m‡½ wÎcyivi ivR¨cvj kÖx Z_vMZ iv‡qi mvÿvr \ 3. 12 Rvbyqvwi 2016 gnvgvb¨ ivóªcwZi m‡½ fviZ gnvmvMi †bŠ wm‡¤úvwRqv‡g AvMZ fviZxq †bŠevwnwb cÖavb GWwgivj iweb aIqv‡bi mvÿvr \ 4. 10 Rvbyqvwi 2016 cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbvi m‡½ wÎcyivi kw³ Dbœqb, cjøx Dbœqb I cwienb gš¿x gvwbK †ì mvÿvr \ 5. 16 wW‡m¤î 2015 †KvjKvZvi †dvU© DBwjqv‡gi 1971 mv‡ji hy‡×i weRq ¯§vi‡K knx`‡ì cÖwZ kÖ×vÁvcb \ 6. XvKvq fvi‡Zi cjøx Dbœqb, cÂv‡qZx ivR, cvbxq Rj I m¨vwb‡Ukb gš¿x †PŠayix ex‡i›ì wms \ 7. 19 wW‡m¤î 2015 Kzwóqvq wbnZ fviZxq ˆmb¨‡ì ¯§„wZ‡mŠa D‡Øvab Abyôv‡b wÎcyivi ivR¨cvj kÖx Z_vMZ ivq \ 8. 29 wW‡m¤î 2015 DËivq AvBwfGwm-i bZzb †K‡›`ªi D‡Øvab

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evsjv‡`‡ki bvgKiY1947 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb ivóª cÖwZôvi mgq G f~LÐ c~e© evsjv bv‡g cwiwPZ wQj| wKš‘ 1955 mv‡j cvwK¯Ív‡bi †K›`ªxq miKvi c~e© evsjvi cwie‡Z© c~e© cvwK¯Ívb bvgKi‡Yi †NvlYv †`q| MYcwil` m`m¨‡ì g‡a¨ GKgvÎ †kL gywReyi ingvb Zxeª †ÿvf cÖKvk K‡i e‡jb, Ôm¨vi, Avcwb †`L‡eb Iiv Ôc~e© evsjvÕ bv‡gi cwie‡Z© Ôc~e© cvwK¯ÍvbÕ bvg ivL‡Z Pvq| Avgiv eûevi `vwe Rvwb‡qwQ †h, Avcbviv GUv‡K evsjv Wv‡Kb| ÔevsjvÕ kãwUi GKwU wbR¯^ BwZnvm Av‡Q, HwZn¨ Av‡Q| Avcbviv GB bvg Avgv‡ì RbM‡Yi m‡½ Avjvc Av‡jvPbv K‡i cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Õ

G cÖwZev‡ì 14 eQi ci 1969 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i wZb †bZvi mgvwa cÖv½‡Y GK mfvq e½eÜz †NvlYv K‡ib AvR n‡Z cvwK¯Ív‡bi c~e©vÂjxq cÖ‡`kwUi bvg n‡e Ôc~e© cvwK¯ÍvbÕ-Gi cwie‡Z© evsjv‡`k| G f~L‡Ði BwZnvm-HwZ‡nï weiæ‡× †h †Kvb Pµv‡šÍi cÖwZev‡` e½eÜz KL‡bv wØavwš^Z wQ‡jb bv| webv msk‡q, kvmK †Mvôxi fq-fxwZ D‡cÿv K‡i gvZ…f~wgi gh©v`vi cÖ‡kœ wQ‡jb Av‡cvmnxb|

¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k cÖwZôv : mk¯¿ ZrciZv1968 mv‡ji AvMiZjv gvgjv evOvwji AwaKvi Av`v‡qi msMÖv‡g GKwU †gvo cwieZ©bKvix NUbv| cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j †Zv e‡UB, Ggb wK ¯^vaxbZvi c‡iI `xN© mgq cvV¨ cy¯ÍKmn BwZnvm MÖ‡š’ ÔAvMiZjv lohš¿Õ gvgjv ejv nZ| hwÌ miKvwi `wjjc‡Î Ôivóª ebvg †kL gywRei ingvb I Ab¨vb¨Õ bv‡g AwfwnZ n‡q‡Q| G gvgjvq e½eÜzmn 35 R‡bi weiæ‡× ivóª‡`ªvwnZvi Awf‡hvM Avbv nq| †kL gywRemn


Awfhy³ mKj‡KB Av`vj‡Z Awf‡hvM A¯^xKvi K‡ib| †kL gywRe AvZ¥cÿ mg_©b K‡i Av`vj‡Z `xN© e³e¨ Dc¯’vcb

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cvwK¯Ív‡b Av‡jvob m„wóKvix G gvgjv †cÖwm‡W›U wdì gvk©vj AvBqye Lv‡bi ZË¡veav‡b †K›`ªxq †Mv‡q›`v ms¯’vi mnvqZvq B›Uvi mvwf©m Bw›Uwj‡RÝ (ISI) gvgjvi Z`šÍ I cÖ¯‘wZi KvR m¤úbœ K‡i| 1968 mv‡ji 19 Ryb XvKv †mbvwbev‡m we‡kl UªvBeyb¨v‡j AvMiZjv gvgjvi wePvi KvR ïiæ nq| we‡kl UªvBeyb¨v‡ji †Pqvig¨vb Kiv nq Rvw÷m Gm G ingvb‡K, whwb wQ‡jb GKRb cvÄvwe| ivóªc‡ÿi cÖavb †KŠmywj wQ‡jb AvBqye Lv‡bi gwš¿mfvi cÖv³b ciivóªgš¿x gÄyi Kv‡ì| whwb evOvwj we‡Ølx wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| gvgjv cwiPvjbvq AvUNvU †eu‡a wPikÎæ †kL gywRe‡K wbwðý Kivi jÿ¨ wb‡q gv‡V bv‡g AvBqye miKvi| †hŠw³K Kvi‡YB mKj Awfhy³ Zv‡ì AvbxZ Awf‡hvMmg~n A¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡R‡ì wb‡`©vl `vwe K‡i‡Qb|

evOvwji gyw³msMÖv‡g AvMiZjv gvgjvi iæZ¡ Acwimxg, eZ©gv‡b A‡b‡Ki AvZ¥Rxebx, ¯§„wZK_v ev mvÿvrKv‡i AvMiZjv gvgjv Ges mk¯¿ cš’vq evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb Kivi bvbv †KŠZ‚n‡jvÏxcK NUbv Rvbv hv‡”Q| mvsevw`K I mvwnwZ¨K Avey Rvdi kvgmyÏxb, KgvÛvi Avãyi iDd Zuv‡ì AvZ¥Rxebx‡Z AvMiZjv gvgjv cÖm‡½ D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| e½eÜzi dzcvZ fvB gwgbyj nK †LvKvi ¯§„wZK_v A¯Íiv‡M ¯§„wZ

mgy¾¡j e½eÜz, Zuvi cwievi I Avwg, kkv¼ Gm e¨vbvwR©i MÖ‡š’i bvg BwÛqv, gywReyi ingvb, evsjv‡`k wjev‡ikb GÛ cvwK¯Ívb| K‡b©j kIKZ Avjx iwPZ mZ¨ gvgjv AvMiZjv D‡jøL‡hvM¨|

gyw³hy‡×i bq gvm e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb cvwK¯Ív‡bi KvivMv‡i e›`x Ae¯’vq GK cÖnm‡bi wePv‡ii m¤§yLxb n‡qwQ‡jb| 1972 mv‡ji 10 Rvbyqvwi wZwb XvKvq c`vc©Y K‡ib| Gi c~‡e© cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K mivmwi Zuv‡K jÛ‡b wb‡q hvIqv nq, cvwK¯Ívb evwnwbi we‡kl wegv‡b| AZtci weªwUk evwnwbi GKwU we‡kl wegv‡b wZwb w`wjø n‡q XvKvq Av‡mb| jÛb †_‡K w`wjøi D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv c‡_ Ab¨v‡bï g‡a¨ fviZxq K‚UbxwZK kkv¼ Gm e¨vbvwR©I Zuvi mdim½x n‡jb| D‡jøL¨ kkv¼ e¨vbvwR© 1962 mvj †_‡KB e½eÜzi we‡kl cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| hvÎvc‡_ AbvbyôvwbK bvbv wel‡q `yÕR‡bi gZ wewbgq nq| ¯§„wZ K_vq kkv¼ e¨vbvwR© wj‡L‡Qb, ÔAvwg gywRe‡K †ek †Lvk †gRv‡R †`Ljvg| wZwb D‡V ùvov‡jb Ges fvi‡Zi RvZxq Kwe iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii †jLv RbwcÖq †`kvZ¥‡evaK Mvb ÔAvgvi †mvbvi evsjv, Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwmÕ MvB‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jb Ges Avgv‡K Zuvi mv‡_ Ask MÖnY Ki‡Z Aby‡iva Ki‡jb| cÖ_gevi wQj A‡bKUv winv‡m©j Gi g‡Zv, wZwb hLb wØZxqevi MvB‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jb, ZLb Zv Av‡iv ewjô I Av‡eMx g‡b nw”Qj| Avwg GK Sj‡Ki Rb¨ Zvi Av‡e‡M AkÖæwm³ †PvL †`L‡Z †cjvg| Avwg GZw`b Zuv‡K Drdzjø gvbyl wn‡m‡e RvbZvg, wKš‘ Zuvi mwZ¨Kv‡ii †fZ‡ii gvbylUv‡K evB‡i G‡b w`‡q‡Q, †h GKRb Avcmnxb †`k‡cÖwgK|Õ

w`wjø‡Z †kL gywRe cvjvg wegvb e›ì Ges w`wjø K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui c¨v‡iW MÖvD‡Û e³e¨ cÖ`vb K‡ib| kx‡Zi mKv‡j cÖPÛ VvÐv‡K D‡c¶v K‡i e¨vcK †jvK mgvMg N‡U wegvb e›`‡i| wegvb e›`‡i †kL gywRe‡K ¯^vMZ Rvwb‡q fvi‡Zi ivóªcwZ wf wf wMwi e‡jb, ÔAvgv‡ì `ywU †`k, eÜz‡Z¡i `„p eÜ‡b Ave× Ges Dfq RvwZB MYZš¿, ag©wbi‡c¶Zv Ges mgvRZ‡š¿i Av`‡k©i Rb¨ wb‡ew`Z|Õ ivóªcwZ wMwii ¯^vMZ e³‡eï Rev‡e †kL gywRe e‡jb, wZwb w`wjø‡Z hvÎvweiwZ K‡i‡Qb fvi‡Zi RbMY, miKvi I cÖavbgš¿x Bw›ìv

MvÜx‡K e¨w³MZ kª×v Ávc‡bi Rb¨ Ôto the best friends of my people.Õ evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× fvi‡Zi Ae`v‡bi cÖm‡½ wZwb e‡jb, ÔYou all have worked so untiringly and sacrificed so gallantly in making this journey possible, this journey from darkness to light, from captivity to freedom, from desolation to hope.Õ c¨v‡iW MÖvD‡Û †kL gywRe‡K ¯^vMZ Rvwb‡q wg‡mm MvÜx e‡jb, Ô†kL gywReyi ingvb Zuvi RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q gyw³i cÖwZkÖæwZ K‡iwQ‡jb Ges wZwb Zv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| fviZI wKQz A½xKvi K‡iwQj Zvn‡jv evsjv‡`k‡K gy³ Kiv, gywRe‡K gy³ Kiv Ges AwšÍ‡g kiYv_x©‡ì Zv‡ì evwo I wf‡UgvwU‡Z †diZ cvVv‡bv| AvgivI Avgv‡ì cÖwZkÖæwZ i¶v K‡iwQ|Õ wZwb AviI e‡jb, ÔGLb e½eÜy evwo wd‡i hv‡”Qb Ges Zuvi `„p wek¦vm †h, Zuvi (†kL gywRe) †bZ…‡Z¡ ag©wbi‡c¶Zv I MYZ‡š¿i weKvk NU‡e|Õ bqvw`wjøi Rbmfvq †kL gywRe cybivq fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x, miKvi, †mbvevwnwb I RbM‡Yi cÖwZ K…ZÁZv Rvbvb| wZwb e‡jb †h, wZwb ag©wbi‡c¶Zv, MYZš¿, gvby‡li ¯^vaxbZv Ges we‡k¦i kvwšÍi Av`‡k© wek¦vmx| wZwb Avkvev` e¨³ K‡ib †h, ÔSonar Bangla would prosper amid undying friendship between the two countries.Õ gyw³hy‡× fviZxq †mbvevwnbxi Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ K…ZÁZv Rvwb‡q ÔRq wn›`Õ †kø vMvb w`‡q e³e¨ †kl K‡ib| wg‡mm MvÜx m‡½ m‡½ ÔRq evsjvÕ †kø vMvb w`‡q Zuvi m‡½ †hvM †`b|

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di K¤úy U¨vkb¨vj g¨v‡Uwiq¨vj mv‡qÝ‡mi A¨v‡mvwm‡qU m`m¨|

Zuvi M‡elYvi †ÿÎmg~n: Theoretical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Classical and Quantum Monte Carlo, Molecular Dynamics, Structure and Dynamics of Liquids, Water and Hydration, Nucleation, Self-assembly.wbe©vwPZ cÖKvkbvi ZvwjKv:1. Agarwal, M., Singh, M., Jabes, S. B., and Charusita

Chakravarty, Excess entropy scaling of transport properties in network-forming ionic melts (SiO2 and BeF2). J. Chem. Phys. 2011, 134, 014502

2. Sharma, R., Agarwal, M. and Charusita, C. Estimating the entropy of liquids from atom-atom radial distribution functions: silica, beryllium fluoride and water. Mol. Phys. 2008, 106, 1925.

3. Agarwal, M. and Chakravarty, C. Waterlike structural and excess entropy anomalies in liquid beryllium fluoride. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2007, 111, 13294.

4. Sharma, R., Nath, Chakraborty, S. N. and Charusita C. Entropy, Diffusivity and Structural Order in Liquids with Water-like Anomalies. J. Chem. Phys. 2006, 125, 204501.

5. Mudi, A.; Chakravarty,C. Multiple Time-scale Behaviour of the Hydrogen Bond Network in Water. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2004, 108, 19607. Medal for Young Scientists (1996)

mgvßZcb PµeZx© wkÿvwe`, cÖvewÜK I wPwKrmK

fvi‡Z D”Pwkÿv jvfKvix wkÿv_©x mwgwZPresident: Dr. Dalem Chandra Barman VC, ASA University, Dhaka Phone: 01552 334300Secretary: Shamim Al-Mamun Phone: 01715 902146

ABSSIAssociation of BangladeshiStudents Studied in India

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E-mail: [email protected], [email protected](wRwcI e· # 775)

I‡qemvBU: www.bifs.org.bd



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ejjvg, ÔwPwKrmv weåvUUv wK?ÕcÖvY‡Mvcvj ej‡jb, Ô†m me Avcbv‡K ej‡Z mgq jvM‡e|

Avcbvi wbðqB †m mgq †bB| Avgvi nv‡ZI mgq Aí| GB cvBKcvov †_‡K Avgv‡K †mB MwoqvnvUvq wd‡i †h‡Z n‡e| c‡ii evwo‡Z _vwK| euvav mg‡q LvIqv `vIqv mvi‡Z nq| †mUv wb‡Ri R‡bÏ|Õ

ejjvg, ÔAvcbvi †Zv Acv‡ikb n‡qwQj?ÕwZwb ej‡jb, Ôn‡qwQj eBwK| K‡qKevi A¯¿vNvZ n‡q †M‡Q|

†`L‡eb?ÕRvgv Zz‡j wZwb ey‡Ki Ici weivU GK Acv‡ik‡bi `vM

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w`b Avevi eg© cwi|Õ†MwÄ Avi Rvgvq wZwb me †X‡K w`‡jb|Zvici †n‡m ej‡jb, ÔKx g‡b n‡”Q? hy× †dir †Kvb ˆmwbK

ÛwbK e‡j g‡b n‡”Q bv?Õejjvg, ÔwbðqB| Zvici Avevi Kxfv‡e AvZ¥nZ¨vi †Póv

Ki‡jb?ÕcÖvY‡Mvcvj nvm‡jb, ÔAvi eje bv gkvB| Bbwm‡W›U¸wj

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fvi‡Z cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wPfviZ miKvi cÖ‡Z¨K eQ‡i fviZxq KvwiMwi I A_©‰bwZK mn‡hvwMZv (&BwÛqv †UKwbK¨vj GÛ B‡KvbwgK †Kv-Acv‡ikb-AvBwUBwm) Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq cÖwkÿY †Kv‡m©i cÖ¯Íve w`‡”Q| fvi‡Zi wewfbœ AÂ‡ji 50wU ¯^bvgab¨ cÖwZôv‡b Gme ¯^í‡gqv`x †Kv‡m©i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wewfbœ ai‡bi welq †hgbÑ GKvDw›Us, †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM, Bs‡iwR, eë¯’vcbv, MÖv‡gvbœqb I Ab¨vb¨ we‡klvwqZ KvwiMwi †Kvm©| fviZ miKvi 3-6 gv‡mi mswÿß I gvSvwi †gqvw` Gme †Kv‡m©i e¨qfvi enb K‡i|

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wKfv‡e Av‡e`b Ki‡ebAvBwUBwm-i †h-†Kvb †Kv‡m© Av‡e`b Ki‡Z n‡j Av‡e`bKvix‡K AvBwUBwm-i https://itecgoi.in †cvU©v‡j wM‡q wbR¯^ jMBb I cvmIqvW© ˆZwi K‡i wb‡R‡ì bvg †iwR÷vi Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvici AbjvB‡b g‡bvbxZ †Kv‡m© Av‡e`b Ki‡Z n‡e| Av‡e`bcÎ Rgv †Ìqvi ci Av‡e`bKvix dig WvDb‡jvW K‡i Av‡e`bcÎwU nvBKwgkb Ad BwÛqv, XvKv-q diIqvW© Ki‡eb|miKvwi cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ e¨w³‡K A_©gš¿Yvj‡qi A_©‰bwZK m¤úK© wefvM ev ciivóª gš¿Yvj‡qi mycvwikmn Av‡e`bcÎ cvVv‡Z n‡e| †Kv‡m©i we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY Ges Av‡e`bcÎ wb¤œwjwLZ wj¼ †_‡K cvIqv hv‡e:- http://itec.mea.gov.in wj¼¸‡jv fviZxq nvB Kwgk‡bi I‡qemvBU www.hcidhaka.gov.in-Gi Education & Training

†mKk‡bI cvIqv hv‡”Q| †h †Kvb Z‡_ï Rb¨ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib: [email protected] [email protected]

Training Programme in IndiaThe Government of India offers the training courses under the India Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) programme every year. The courses include diverse subjects such as Accounting, Telecommunication, English, Management, Rural Development and other specialized technical courses in over 50 reputed Institutions across India. These are short and medium term courses of between 3-6 months duration and are completely sponsored by the Government of India.

EligibilityThe applicants must be between 25-45 years of age and should have 5 years’ relevant work experience in the area of specialized course in either Government or in a private organisation. They may belong to Government, Universities, reputed corporate houses or trade bodies. Working knowledge of English is essential.

How to applyTo apply for any ITEC course, the applicant must visit ITEC portal at https://itecgoi.in and register himself/herself by creating their own login and password. Thereafter, apply for the selected course online. After submitting the application form, the selected course online. After submitting the application form, the applicant should download the form and forward the application to the High Commission of India, Dhaka along with a letter of recommendation from the parent organisation of the applicant. Applicants working in the Government must approach the Economic Relations Division (ERD), Ministry of Finance or the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Government of Bangladesh for recommending the applications.The details of courses on offer for the year and application forms can be downloaded at the following links :-http://itec.mea.gov.inThe links are also available at the website of the High Commission of India at www.hcidhaka.gov.in under the Education & Training section.Any queries may be addressed [email protected] &[email protected]

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gaym~`b `‡Ëi mvwnZ¨Rxe‡bi m~Pbv Bs‡iwR‡Z| Zuvi Rxeb, PwiÎ I gvbm-cÖwZfvi ¯îƒc m¤ú‡K© AeMZ n‡Z n‡j Zuvi Bs‡iwR iPbvi m‡½ cwiwPwZ Avek¨K| gaym~`b `Ë KLb †_‡K KweZv wjL‡Z ïiæ K‡ib, wVK Rvbv hvq bv| Z‡e Zuvi m‡Zi eQi eqm nevi c~‡e© †h wZwb KweZv wjL‡Z ïiæ K‡ib GUv wbwðZ|

Kwei Rxe‡b cvðvZ¨ Av`‡k©i cÖfve m¤ú‡K© cÖL¨vZ mvwnZ¨ mgv‡jvPK I Kwe †gvwnZjvj gRyg`vi gšÍe¨ K‡i‡Qb: Ô†h ms¯‹…wZ GK`v qy‡iv‡c beRvMiY AvwbqvwQj, hvnvi d‡j ÔhumanitiesÕ ev gvbewe`¨v eªþwe`¨vi Dc‡i ¯’vb cvBqvwQj Ges gbyl¨RxebMZ cig in‡mï cÖwZ kÖ×v ev ÔhumanismÕÑB gvbyl‡K GK bea‡¤§© `xw¶Z KwiqvwQjÑ Avgv‡ì c‡¶I Zvnv mÄxebg‡š¿i g‡Zv KvR KwiqvwQj, †mB gvbeZv ev gË©¨cÖxwZi †cÖiYvB Avgvw`M‡K PÂj KwiqvwQj| GB hyM-cÖfve ev hyM-cÖe„wËB gaym~`‡bi Rxeb I Zuvnvi Kwe-cÖK…wZ‡K AvkÖq KwiqvwQj|Õ

gaym~`b `‡Ëi mvwnZ¨Rxe‡bi m~Pbv Bs‡iwR‡Z| Zuvi Rxeb, PwiÎ I gvbm-cÖwZfvi ¯îƒc m¤ú‡K© AeMZ n‡Z n‡j Zuvi Bs‡iwR iPbvi m‡½ cwiwPwZ Avek¨K| gaym~`b `Ë KLb †_‡K KweZv wjL‡Z ïiæ K‡ib, wVK Rvbv hvq bv| Z‡e Zuvi m‡Zi eQi eqm nevi c~‡e© †h wZwb KweZv wjL‡Z ïiæ K‡ib GUv wbwðZ| cÖgvY¯îƒc 1841 mv‡j †jLv mvZwU KweZvi D‡jøL Kiv hvq| Avi Zuvi †jLv †hme KweZvq ZvwiL †Ìqv †bB, †mme KweZvi g‡aÏ A‡bK¸‡jv 1841 mv‡j †jLv| 1842 mv‡ji ZvwiL †Ìqv KweZvi msL¨vI mvZ| Gme KweZvq fvlv, Q›` Ges Avw½‡Ki †h cwiPq cvIqv hvq, Zv †_‡K Abygvb Kiv hvq †h, Gi †ek wKQzKvj Av‡M †_‡K wZwb KweZv wjL‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi ˆK‡kviK KweZv we‡kølY Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, KweZv¸‡jvi cÖavb êwkó¨ nj D”Q¡vm Ges MxwZgqZvi cÖvPzh©| †hgb wZwb wj‡L‡Qb :

I sighTo cross the vast Atlantic waveFor glory, or nameless grave!b‡M›`ªbv_ †mvg Zuvi gay¯§„wZ‡Z †h KweZvmg~‡ni D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb,

Zvi cÂg I mßg msL¨vq evqi‡bi Childe Harold-Gi Ges PZz_© I Aóg msL¨K KweZvq IqvW©mIqv‡_©i cÖfve jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| evqib wbm‡M©i †mŠ›`h©‡K Avcb cÖK…wZi g‡a¨ AvZ¥¯’ Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| GKwU KweZvq gaym~`b `Ë wj‡L‡Qb:

The Silver Rill that gaily warbling flows,And e’en the dark and everlasting Sea,All, all these bring oblivion for my woes,And all these have transcendent charms for me!GLv‡b evqi‡bi cÖfve ¯úó| Avevi IqvW©mIqv_©‡K AbymiY

K‡i wZwb wj‡L‡Qb:Beloved Lake, how oft I think of thee:How oft I dream of thy calm silver breast,Where the Moon-beams undisturbed ever rest,And see themselves reflected beauteously.cieZ©xKv‡j wZwb †h Zuvi wjwiK cÖeYZv I Kíbvi AvwZk‡hï

K_v c‡Î wj‡LwQ‡jb, Zvi cwiPq G mg‡qi KweZvq cvIqv hvq| †cÖgwelqK KweZvi Abyf~wZ I Av‡eM cwijwÿZ n‡q‡Q cÖgxjvi Pwi‡Î, eªRv½bvi ivavi wei‡n, Avi exiv½bv Kv‡eï bvwqKv‡ì Pwi‡Î| wZwb wj‡L‡Qb:

And peace and rest for thee is only in the tomb! GLv‡b KxU‡mi cÖfve jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| Kwe cieZ©xKv‡j †h m„wó-

†MŠi‡e fv¯î n‡q DV‡eb, Zvi exR wbwnZ i‡q‡Q G mg‡qi KweZvq| †hgb:

I must pass them for a nobler life,Where I may find the agonies, the strife of human

hearts.gaym~`b fvi‡Zi K¬vwmK mvwnZ¨, cyivY I ivgvqYÑgnvfvi‡Zi

welqe¯‘ Aej¤^b K‡i evsjv Kve¨v½‡b AeZxY© nb| wKš‘ Zuvi KweRxe‡bi m~Pbv †hgb we‡`wk fvlvi gva¨‡g †Zgwb evsjv Kve¨m„wói cÖv_wgK †cÖiYv I cwiKíbvI cvðvZ¨ wkí-mvwnZ¨-m¤¢~Z| Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨ Zuvi ˆbcyY¨ we¯§qKi| weªwUk kvmbvg‡j †h cÖej AwfNv‡Z

Av‡›`vwjZ n‡qwQj evOvwji Av_©-mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK Rxeb-eë¯’v, mvwn‡Z¨ gaym~`b `Ë †mB Af~Zc~e©© DÏxcbv‡K mÂvwjZ K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwbB cÖ_g mvwn‡Zï welqe¯‘, fvev`k© I cÖKvk‰kjx‡Z BD‡ivcvwR©Z bexb wPšÍvavivi D‡b¥l NUv‡jb| gaym~`b c„w_exi †kÖô Kve¨-mvwnZ¨cv‡Vi iæwP wb‡q Kve¨m„wó‡Z AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| wZwb Bs‡iwR‡Z Kve¨, bvUK, cÖeÜ I cÎvewj iPbv K‡i mvwnZ¨Rxe‡b cÖwZwôZ n‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| wZwbB cÖ_g fviZxq mvwnZ¨‡K wek¦mvwn‡Zï m‡½ hy³ K‡i‡Qb| wek¦RbxbZvB Zuvi cÖavb êwkó¨ Ges wek¦msjMœZvB Zuv‡K bZzb Rxeb-wRÁvmvq DØy× K‡i‡Q|

gaym~`‡bi wkígvbm BD‡ivcxq mf¨Zv I ms¯‹…wZ‡Z jvwjZ I cwicyó| ZvB Zuvi g‡a¨ evOvwj Rxeb Ges BD‡ivcxq mf¨Zv I ms¯‹…wZÑ G `y‡qi mgš^q I m‡¤§jb N‡U‡Q| BD‡iv‡ci me©Î bZzb gvbeg~‡jï cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z cÖvPxb wMÖK-jvwZb-wneªæ mvwn‡Zï mg„× fvÐv‡ii w`‡K cwÐZ‡ì `„wó AvK…ó nj| ga¨hy‡Mi ag©vwacZ¨ Ges wewPÎ Kzms¯‹v‡ii g‡a¨ cÖvPxb mvwnZ¨ I Áv‡bi m¤ú` Av”Qbœ n‡qwQj, weK…Z n‡qwQj, †i‡bmuv Zv‡K D×vi K‡i| G‡`‡ki †i‡bmuvi cÖvPx‡bi cybiæfy¨Ìvb NUj `ywU wfbœ c‡_| cÖ_gZ, BD‡ivcxq cÖvPxb mvwn‡Zï HwZn¨ †_‡K evOvwj AvKÉ MÖn‡Y Db¥yL n‡q DVj| wØZxqZ, fviZxq cÖvPxb mvwnZïv‡R¨ Avwe®‹v‡ii c`‡¶c coj| BD‡ivcxq K¬vwmK&‡mi Av‡jvPbv †hgb Pj‡Z jvMj, fviZxq K¬vwmK&m ivgvqYÑgnvfviZ, Kvwj`vm cÖgy‡Li ms¯‹…Z-mvwn‡Zï PP©v ïiæ nj| BD‡ivcxq I fviZxq Dfq K¬vwmK&‡mi HwZn¨ Abymi‡Y gaym~`‡bi mvabv I mvdj¨ me©Rbwew`Z| we‡`wk K¬vwmK&‡m gaym~`‡bi AvKl©Y wQj AwZ Zxeª| †nvgvi-fvwR©j-Uv‡mv-`v‡šÍ-Iwf‡ì gZ Kwe‡ì A‡bK‡KB wZwb g~j fvlvq Aa¨qb K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi Kv‡eï wZbÑPZz_©vsk wMÖK e‡j †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb, GKRb wMÖK †hfv‡e wjLZ †mfv‡e wZwbI wjL‡jbÑ GK_v e‡j‡Qb †gNbvèa Kve¨ cÖm‡½| ivg‡gvnb-we`¨vmvMi-KvjxcÖmbœ-f~‡è-ew¼gP‡›`ªi gZ gbxlx cÖvPxb fviZxq kv¯¿ I mvwnZ¨vw` D×v‡ii †h †Póv K‡i‡Qb Zv †i‡bmuvi wewkó Av`‡k© `xw¶Z neviB dj| K¬vwmK avivi Kweiv, †hgb gaym~`b-†ngP›`ª mK‡jB cÖvPxb fviZxq cÖm½ †_‡K Kv‡e¨vcKiY msKjb K‡i‡Qb GKvMÖwP‡Ë| gaym~`‡bi eªRv½bv Kve¨ I PZz`©kc`x KweZvejx (G Kv‡eïI wKQz KweZv ivgvqYÑgnvfvi‡Zi m‡½ m¤úwK©Z) e¨ZxZ Aci wZbwU Kv‡eï cðv‡ZB ivgvqYÑgnvfvi‡Zi Kvwnwbi Drm| fviZxq bvix Pwi‡Îi g‡a¨ `yÕR‡bi cÖwZ gaym~`b mnvbyf~wZkxj wQ‡jb| GKRb ivgvq‡Yi mxZv, Ab¨Rb êòe c`vejxi ivav| ivavi cÖwZ Zuvi AvKl©‡Yi KviY gvbweKZv‡eva| eª‡Ri ivav Zuvi Kv‡e¨ †Kvb Z‡Ë¡i gva¨‡g cÖKvwkZ bb, gvbexiƒ‡c wPwÎZ| K…òweiwnYx ivav Zuvi `„wó‡Z Mrs. Radha, ÔPoor Lady of Braja’| Zuvi wein-†e`bvI ZvB gZ©gvbexi †e`bv| †gNbvèa Ges eªRv½bv Kve¨ iPbvi m‡½ m‡½ gaym~`b `Ë K…òKzgvix bvUKI iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb| GKB mg‡q wZbwU wfbœ my‡ii iPbvq wZwb †h AmvaviY K…wZ‡Z¡i cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb Zv AZzjbxq| G cÖm‡½ †hvMx›`ªbv_ emyi gšÍe¨ cÖwYavb‡hvM¨: ÔGKw`‡K eªRv½bvi GB mygayi eskxaŸwb Ges Aciw`‡K †gNbvè‡ai M¤¢xi †fix wbbv` kÖeY Kwi‡j †gvwnZ I wew¯§Z nB‡Z nq| Bnvi m‡½ Kzgvix K…òvi g¤§©‡f`x welv‡`v”Q¡vmI Kwei †jLbxØviv Awfe¨³ nBqvwQj|Õ wZwb †gNbvèa Kv‡e¨ mxZv‡K iƒcvwqZ K‡i‡Qb ew›`bx bvixi weg~Z© cÖZxK wn‡m‡e| Captive Ladie Kv‡e¨ mgy`ªcv‡i ew›`bx ivR-`ywnZv‡K ivRv RqP‡›`ªi KvivMvi †_‡K †hfv‡e bvqK c„_¦xivR D×vi K‡i G‡bwQ‡jb, †Zgwbfv‡e j¼vcyix‡Z ew›`bx mxZv‡K D×v‡ii Rb¨ ivgP‡›`ªi †mbv‡K Aj•N¨ mgy`ª cvwo w`‡q j¼vq cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z n‡qwQj| †hgb:

And how the wanderer of the woodCame home–but came to solitude–And in his grief sought her in vainO’er mount–in cave–by found–on plain Dwbk kZ‡K G‡`‡k †h beRvMiY mvwaZ nq, Zv evOvwj g‡bi

m‡½ Bs‡iwR Z_v BD‡ivcxq mf¨Zvi I ms¯‹…wZi cwiPq I †hvMm~‡Îi


djgvÎ| wKš‘ AvaywbK BD‡ivcxq mf¨Zvi cybR©vMi‡Yi g~‡j i‡q‡Q †n‡jwbK mf¨Zvi bevwe®‹…wZ| wn›`y K‡j‡R Aa¨qbKv‡j cÖ_g †hŠe‡b gaym~`b BD‡ivcxq mf¨Zv I ms¯‹…wZi Øviv cÖfvweZ nb| wKš‘ wekc&m K‡j‡R Aa¨q‡bi mgq †_‡KB wZwb †h K¬vwmK&‡mi m‡½ cwiwPZ n‡jb, Zv Zuv‡K AvaywbK Kv‡ji BD‡ivc †_‡K cyivKv‡ji wMÖ‡m avweZ K‡i| GRb¨B wZwb ax‡i ax‡i AvaywbK BD‡ivcxq mvwnZ¨PP©v A‡c¶v K¬vwmK&m we‡klZ wMÖK mvwnZ¨ Abykxj‡b g‡bvwb‡ek K‡ib Ges Rxe‡bi AwšÍg gyn~Z© ch©šÍ wZwb wMÖK mvwn‡Zï Abykxjb K‡i‡Qb| gv`ªvR cÖevmKv‡j `ytL, `vwi`ª¨ I wech©‡qi m¤§yLxb n‡qI wZwb K¬vwmK&m mvwnZ¨ Aa¨q‡b AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| 1860 mv‡ji 2 †m‡Þ¤î ivRbvivqY emyi Kv‡Q †jLv GKwU wPwV‡Z Zuvi K¬vwmKm cÖxwZi D¾¡j wb`k©b cvIqv hvq: Really what rapid advances our languages (I feel tempted to use the words of Alfieri and say Nostra Divina Lingua) is making towards perfection and how it is shaking off its sleep of ages.

wMÖK mvwnZ¨ I Uªv‡RwW gaym~`b‡K gvbeRxe‡bi gwngv m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb Ges Rxe‡bi inm¨mÜv‡b AbymwÜrmy K‡i †Zv‡j| K…òKzgvix bvUK (1861) iPbvi c~‡e© gaym~`b `Ë gnvfvi‡Zi myf`ªv

DcvL¨vb Aej¤^‡b AwgÎvÿi Q‡›` myf`ªv bvU‡Ki Ges w`wjøi myjZvb BjZzrwg‡ki Kb¨v myjZvbv wiwRqvi PwiÎvej¤^‡b wiwRqv bvU‡Ki cwiKíbv K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ †KkeP›`ª M‡½vcva¨vq GB bvUK `ywU m¤ú‡K© we‡kl Drmvn`v‡bi cwie‡Z© ivRcyZ-BwZnvm‡K iPbvi DcKiY wn‡m‡e eënv‡ii Rb¨ gaym~`b‡K wj‡LwQ‡jb: Can’t we call out a subject from the history of the Rajputs? I believe, that field is pretty extensive and may yield innumerable hints for the imagination of a writer like yourself. ZvB wek¦Rbxb cUf~wgKvq gvbeRxeb I gvbefvM¨‡K wbix¶Y Ki‡Z wZwb †KŠZ~njx n‡q I‡Vb| K…òKzgvix bvU‡Ki †cÖÿvcU wbg©v‡Yi g~j GLv‡bB| U‡Wi Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan Aej¤^‡b K…òKzgvix

bvUK iwPZ| evsjv bvU¨mvwn‡Zï BwZnv‡m mv_©K Uªv‡RwW wn‡m‡e G bvU‡Ki ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| bvUKwU cvðvZ¨ bvUïxwZ Abymv‡i iwPZ| G bvU‡K bvU¨Kvi NUbve¯‘ A‡cÿv PwiÎwPÎ‡Yi cÖwZ mgwaK ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb| †ivgvb Kwe Iwf‡ì (Publius Ovidius Naso) Heroides ev Heroic Epistles-Gi Av`‡k© gaym~`b `Ë exiv½bv Kve¨ iPbv K‡ib| GKzkwU cÎ iPbvi cwiKíbv Zuvi wQj| wKš‘ GMviwU c‡Î exiv½bv Kve¨ mgvß nq| G Kv‡eï bvix PwiÎ¸‡jv fviZxq cyivY, ivgvqY, gnvfviZ †_‡K M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| fveMZ I welqMZ w`K †_‡K K‡qKwU cÎ m¤ú~Y© cyyivYvbymvix| G Kv‡eï AwaKvsk KweZvq cÖvP¨ cyivY A‡cÿv cvðvZ¨ e¨w³-¯^vZš¿¨‡ev‡ai D¾¡j cÖKvk N‡U‡Q| †hgb ÔbxjaŸ‡Ri cÖwZ RbvÕi Dw³: ÔÿÎ-Kzjevjv Avwg; ÿÎ-Kzj ea~; / †Kg‡b G Acgvb me âh©¨ awi?Õ G bvix fvebvi cÖvavb¨ Ges bibvixi m¤ú‡K©i †ÿ‡Î gaym~`b `‡Ëi fvebvi AvaywbKZ¡ Avgv‡ì wP‡b wb‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i wn›`y K‡j‡Ri QvÎ, wiPvW©m‡bi wcÖqwkl¨ gaym~`b `Ë‡K| whwb Rxe‡b Ges Rxeb-m¤úwK©Z aviYvq fve‡Z fvjevm‡Zb Ôenlightened partner’ ev Av‡jvKcÖvß mw½bxi K_v, evj¨weev‡ni cÖwZ‡iva wQj huvi ag©všÍixKi‡Yi Ab¨Zg KviY| gaym~`b c~Y© eq‡m wgëb‡K Av`k© wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ QvÎve¯’vq evqibB Zuvi Av`k© wQ‡jb| evqib, ¯‹U Ges g~ïÑ GB wZbR‡bi Av`‡k© Zuvi mvwnwZ¨K Rxeb cwiewa©Z nw”Qj| wW‡ivwRIi cÖ_g Kve¨MÖš’ AvVv‡iv eQi eq‡m cÖKvwkZ nq| wn›`y K‡j‡R wØZxq †kÖwY‡Z Aa¨qbKv‡j gaym~`bI Bs‡iwR KweZvi †jLK wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ AR©b K‡ib| Df‡qB evqi‡bi wkl¨ Ges mvwnZ¨wccvmyÑ Ávbv‡š^lx| myZivs wW‡ivwRI‡K bv †`‡LI gaym~`b Zuvi fvev`‡k© DØy× n‡qwQ‡jb| BD‡ivcxq †i‡bmuvi AbyKiY I AbymiY K‡i evsjv M`¨ cÖmvi jvf K‡i Ges GB M`¨‡K Aej¤^b K‡i Mí, Dcb¨vm, bvUK, cÖeÜ, ågYKvwnwb iwPZ nq| m„wó nq evsjv mvwn‡Zï wewPÎ m¤¢vi|

Dwbk kZ‡K beRvMi‡Yi aviK I evnK `xbeÜz wgÎ

(1830ÑÕ73), ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq (1838ÑÕ94) Ges iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi (1861Ñ1941)| beRvMi‡Yi evYx gvbeZv ÁvZmv‡i I AÁvZmv‡i Zuv‡ì cÖwZfvi BÜb hywM‡q‡Q| Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨ †hgb wgëb GKK †MŠi‡e êwkó¨gwÐZ, evsjv mvwn‡ZÏ †Zgwb gaym~`b `Ë| wZwb kwg©ôv bvU‡K cÖvP¨ iPbv‰kjxi m‡½ cvðvZ¨ fveavivi mswgkÖY NUvb| gaym~`b cÖvPxb mvwn‡Zï HwZn¨‡K beRvMi‡Yi hyM‡PZbv Ges gvbeZvev‡ì m‡½ mgwš^Z K‡i‡Qb| †gNbvèa Kve¨

Zuvi cÖwZfvi †kÖô wb`k©b| G Kve¨ m¤ú‡K© ivRbvivqY emy wj‡L‡Qb, ÔeY©bvi QUv, fv‡ei gvayix, KiæYi‡mi MvpZv, Dcgv I Dr‡cÖÿvi wbe©vPb kw³ I cÖ‡qvM-ˆbcyY¨ Abyaveb Kwi‡j, Zuvnvi †gNbvèa ev½vjv fvlvq AwØZxq Kve¨ ewjqv cwiMwYZ nB‡e|Õ

Captive Ladie Kve¨ cvV Ki‡j gaym~`b `‡Ëi iPbvcÖYvwji Av`k© eyS‡Z cviv hvq| †h Aj¼viweb¨vmwcÖqZv gaym~`b `‡Ëi iPbvi GKwU we‡kl jÿY Captive Ladie Kv‡eï me©ÎB Zvi AvwZkh¨ cwijwÿZ n‡q‡Q| Captive Ladie Kv‡e¨ cÖhy³ A‡bK Aj¼vi I fve c‡i wZwb Zuvi Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡e¨ cwiewZ©Z AvKv‡i eënvi K‡i‡Qb| j¼v-cÖm‡½ Ggb `yÕGKwU fvlvwPÎ Kwe Bs‡iwR Captive Ladie Kve¨wU‡Z Gu‡K‡Qb hvi m‡½ †gNbvèa Kv‡e¨ Aw¼Z wP‡Îi Nwbô mv`„k¨ j¶¨ Kiv hvq| †hgb mgy`ªeÜb cÖm‡½ Kwe wj‡L‡Qb: The very ocean wore his chain†gNbvèa Kv‡e¨ Av‡Q Gi ûeû cÖwZaŸwb: Avcwb Rjwac‡ib k„•Lj cv‡q Zvi Aby‡iv‡a!

evsjv mvwnZ¨‡¶‡Î AeZxY© n‡q gaym~`b `Ë bvbvc‡Î mvwn‡Zï iƒc I ixwZ, fvlv I Q›`, Aby‡cÖiYv I wkíwmw×, Gme cÖm½ I cÖKiY wb‡q µgvMZ wjL‡Z _v‡Kb| kwg©ôv L¨vwZjvf Ki‡j bvbv c‡Î wZwb †j‡Lb cÙveZx bvUK, Gici wZ‡jvËgvm¤¢e Kve¨| cÙveZx

iPbvKv‡j AwgÎv¶i Q›` Avwe®‹vi K‡ib Ges wZ‡jvËgvm¤¢e Kv‡e¨

Gi cÖ‡qvM K‡ib| AwgÎv¶i Q›` wb‡q wZwb ivRbvivqY emyi m‡½ A‡bK cÎvjvc K‡i‡Qb| ivRbvivq‡Yi m‡½ ïay Q›` bq, mvwn‡Zï bvbv cÖm½ wb‡qI cÎvjvc K‡i‡Qb| ivRbvivqY‡K wZwb mgv‡jvPbvq nvZ w`‡Z e‡j‡Qb| A¨vwi÷Uj †_‡K ïiæ K‡i jw½bvm, KzBbwUwjqb, evK©, Kv‡gm, A¨vwjmb, A¨vwWmb, WªvB‡Wb, GgbwK †køMv‡ji m‡½I wZwb cwiwPZ| GKwU wPwV‡Z †gNbvèa Kve¨ m~‡Î ivRbvivqY‡K wj‡L‡Qb wMÖK cyiv‡Yi Abycg †mŠ›`h© wZwb G Kv‡e¨ we¯Ívi Ki‡Z cÖqvmx| †mvRvmywR wMÖK cyiv‡Yi Kvwnwb AbyeZ©b K‡i bq, wMÖK‡ì Abycg †mŠ›`h© I Kíbvfw½ Øviv fviZxq †cŠivwYK PwiÎ I Kvwnwb iƒcvšÍwiZ K‡i| ZvB †gNbvèa Kve¨ †nvgv‡ii Bwjqv‡Wi Av`‡j iwPZ| gn&i‡gi wgwQj †`‡L wZwb Kvievjvi Kvwnwbi g‡a¨ gnvKv‡eï Dcv`vb Avwe®‹vi K‡i‡Qb| 1861 mv‡ji 14 Ryb ivRbvivq‡Yi wbKU GK_v ej‡Z wM‡q wZwb Av‡¶c K‡i‡Qb : ÔWe have no such subjectÕ| GB mg‡q ivRbvivq‡Yi wbKU †jLv cÎ¸‡jv‡Z †gNbvèa

Kve¨, K…òKzgvix bvUK, eªRv½bv Kve¨ I exiv½bv Kv‡eï cÖm½ evievi G‡m‡Q| m„wói Db¥v`bvq wZwb †g‡Z D‡V‡Qb|

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Avevi †mB m‡½ WªvB‡Wb, A¨vwWmb I †cvcI ev` hvbwb| A_©vr Bqs †e½j‡ì gyLcvÎ n‡jb gaym~`b, f~‡è gy‡Lvcva¨vq (1827-Õ94) Avi Bqs †e½j‡ì wnDg n‡jb A¶qKzgvi `Ë (1820-Õ86)| Avi huviv Gmg¯Í Ávb QvÎ‡ì weZiY KiwQ‡jb Zuv‡ì cy‡ivav n‡jb †nbwi jyB wfwfqvb wW‡ivwRI (1809ÑÕ31)| be‡PZbv`„ß evsjvi cÖ_g cÖe³viv wW‡ivwRIi Kv‡Q cvV †bevi †mŠfvM¨ jvf K‡ib| wW‡ivwRI wQ‡jb Bqs †e½j‡ì ¸iæ| Zuvi g‡a¨ QvÎiv cÖ_g j¶¨ Kij evK¨ Ges K‡g© cwic~Y© HK¨| ÔGB GKwU gvbyl †h hvnv e‡j ZvnvB K‡i| A_P eq‡m †m ZLbI Zviæ‡Yï †KvVv cvi nq bvB|Õ

wW‡ivwRI wQ‡jb Age of Reason-Gi cÖZxK| cyi‡bv AvPvi I Kzms¯‹v‡ii †gvnRvj wQbœ Ki‡Z wZwb wQ‡jb e×cwiKi Ges Zuvi †mB `xß †ZR I AKz‡ZvfqZv, †mB wePvikxjZvi DËivwaKvi wZwb w`‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb Zuvi wkl¨‡ì| Zuvi QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ K…ò‡gvnb e‡›`¨vcva¨vq (1813-Õ85), ivg‡Mvcvj †Nvl (1815-Õ68), ivgZby jvwnox (1813-Õ98), iwmKK…ò gwjøK, c¨vixPuv` wgÎ (1814-Õ83) cÖgy‡Li bvg D‡jøL‡hvM¨| wW‡ivwRI G‡`‡ki BwZnvm I HwZn¨, mf¨Zv I ms¯‹…wZ Ges `~ivZxZ ¯^Y©gq hy‡Mi eû welq wb‡q KweZv wj‡L‡Qb| G‡`k Zuvi Rb¥f~wg, m¦‡`kf~wg I gvZ„f~wg| BD‡iwkqvb ev wdwiw½ gvbwmKZv wZwb KL‡bv †`Lvbwb| G‡`k‡K wb‡qB wQj Zuvi Me© I †MŠie| G‡`‡ki gvwU Avi gvby‡li m‡½ wQj Zuvi Mfxi GKvZ¥Zv| †`k I †`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv‡K wZwb cÖv‡Yi †P‡q †ewk fvjevm‡Zb|

wW‡ivwRIi Av‡M evOvwj‡K †i‡bmuvi Av‡jv‡Kv¾¡j c‡_ avweZ K‡iwQ‡jb ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq I †WwfW †nqvi| wKš‘ Gu‡ì c‡i whwb mKj evav ïay hyw³ w`‡q bq c`vwaKvi e‡j bm¨vr K‡i cvðvZ¨ ÁvbweÁv‡bi Av‡jv‡K fviZevmx‡K D™¢vwmZ Ki‡jb wZwb jW© †gK‡j| wk¶vi my`~icÖmvix cwieZ©‡bi m‡½ m‡½ weªwUk miKvi AviI KZK¸‡jv mgvRms¯‹vig~jK KvR K‡ib hv Bqs †e½j‡ì g‡b be‡cÖiYvi m„wó K‡i| GB mgvR-ms¯‹v‡ii d‡j cvðvZ¨ fveaviv Bqs †e½j‡ì g‡b cÖwZwôZ n‡q hvq| 1857 mv‡ji wmcvwn we‡`ªv‡ni c~e© ch©šÍ weªwUk kvm‡bi hyM‡K Thomson I Garratt ÔEra of Reforms and Suppression of InhumanitiesÕ-Gi hyM e‡j wW‡ivwRI Zuvi QvÎ‡ì gv‡S ¯^‡`k‡cª‡gi D‡b¥l NUvb, RvZxqZvev`x †PZbvq DØy× K‡i †Zv‡jb| d‡j ^‡`k‡cÖg, ^vZš¿¨‡eva, mZZv, wbôv Ges Ab¨v‡qi weiæ‡× cÖwZev‡` wW‡ivwRIi QvÎiv bew`M‡šÍi m~Pbv K‡iwQj| Aa¨qb I Abykxj‡bi Avwek¦ we¯Ív‡ii g‡a¨B †h RvZxq ms¯‹…wZi D¾xeb-m¤¢vebvi exRgš¿ wbwnZ, gaym~`‡bi êwPÎ¨mÜvbx wkíÑA‡š^lv †m m‡ZïB hv_v_©¨ cÖwZcbœ K‡i‡Q| †mRb¨ Zuvi wPivqZ gvbweK wkí-HwZ‡nï wbh©vm-AvnwiZ ªóv‰PZb¨ cÖwZwbqZ Rxeb I wk‡íi mvgwMÖK AvqZ‡bi g‡a¨ Zi½vwqZ I ¯úw›`Z n‡q D‡V‡Q|

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†i‡bmuvi Kve¨¸‡jv M‡o D‡V‡Q RvZxq Rxeb †_‡K| gaym~`b RvZxqZv‡ev‡a DØy× n‡q iPbv K‡ib †gNbvèa Kve¨, PZz`©kc`x

KweZvewj| †gNbvèa Kve¨ iPbvi mg‡q wZwb evj¥xwK, †nvgvi, wgëb, U¨v‡mv, `v‡šÍi Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡q‡Qb| eªRv½bv Kv‡e¨ êòe Kwe‡ì cÖfve, exiv½bv Kv‡e¨ Iwf‡ì Av`k©vbymiY K‡i‡Qb Kwe| PZz`©kc`x KweZvejx iPbvKv‡j wZwb BZvjxq Kwe †cÎvK© Ges †kK&mwcqi‡K Av`k© wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡ib|

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gaym~`b `‡Ëi Bs‡iwR iPbvewji AwaKvskB gv`ªvR cÖevmKv‡j iwPZ| gv`ªv‡R Ae¯’vbKv‡j wZwb Captive Ladie Kve¨ iPbv K‡ib| G Kve¨wU Zuv‡K gv`ªv‡Ri mgv‡R cÖwZôv w`‡q‡Q| 1849 mv‡j Captive Ladie MÖš’vKv‡i cÖKvwkZ nq| G Kv‡eï cUf~wg fviZ f~LÐ| Ab¨w`‡K Visions of the Past Kv‡eï †K›`ªxq welq wLªóxq ag©xq wek¦vm| Kve¨`ywUi cÖK…wZ wfbœ| wKš‘ Kve¨Ø‡q cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Kwei ¯^‡`k‡cÖg I ¯^vaxbZvi A‡gq evYx| gaym~`b `Ë gv`ªv‡R Ae¯’vbKv‡j The Upsori Kve¨wU iPbv K‡ib| GB Kve¨wU cyivYvwkÖZ| GLv‡b ïay ¯^‡M©i Aáix bq, cÖK…wZi g‡bvgy»Ki eY©bvI Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB| Rizia Empress of Inde bvUKwUI gv`ªvR cÖev‡m iwPZ| GLv‡b Kwei wcÖq ¯^‡`k Ges Zvi ey‡Ki Dci w`‡q KzjKzj aŸwb‡Z e‡q Pjv K‡cvZvÿ b‡ì cwiPq wea„Z n‡q‡Q|

gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë 1856 mv‡j hLb gv`ªvR †_‡K KjKvZvq wd‡i Av‡mb, ZLb evsjvq Abyev` bvU‡Ki AvwacZ¨| wR wm ¸‡ßi KxwZ©wejvm Ges ZvivPiY wkK`v‡ii f`ªvRy©b bvUK `ywUi gva¨‡g 1852 wLª&óv‡ã evsjv mvwnZ¨‡¶‡Î †gŠwjK bvUK iPbvi m~ÎcvZ nq| wKš‘ G¸‡jv g‡Â AwfbxZ nqwb| evsjvi cÖ_g AwfbxZ gÂmdj bvUK ivgbvivqY ZK©iZœ Ab~w`Z iZœvejx (1858)| GB bvUKwUi Bs‡iwR Abyev‡ì `vwqZ¡ †Ìqv n‡qwQj gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë‡K Ges Zuvi Bs‡iwR Ratnavali bvUKwU me©Î D”P cÖksmv jvf K‡iwQj| Ratnavali bvUK cÖKvwkZ n‡j gaym~`‡bi cÖwZfv I Abyev‡ì `ÿZv m¤ú‡K© KjKvZvi weÁmgvR AvMÖnx n‡q I‡Vb| GZ D”Pv‡½i Bs‡iwR Gi Av‡M †Kvb bvU‡Ki Abyev‡` cÖKvwkZ nqwb|

ivgbvivqY ZK©i‡Zœi iZœvejx bvUK Abyev‡ì m~Î a‡i cvBKcvovi ivRv‡ì m‡½ Zuvi mL¨ M‡o I‡V| mv_©K evsjv bvU‡Ki wfwË¯’vc‡bi m‡½ ïiæ nq AvaywbK Kve¨mvwn‡Zï c_Pjv| wZwb mvwn‡Z¨ Blank Verse ev AwgÎvÿi Q›` cÖeZ©‡bi cÖ¯Íve w`‡qwQ‡jb| AwgÎvÿi Q›` cÖeZ©‡bi gva¨‡g fvlvi k„•Ljgyw³ NwU‡q wZwb mvwn‡Z¨ becÖvY cÖwZôv K‡ib| wZwb GKRb m„Rbkxj M`¨wkíx| Zuvi M`ïxwZ‡Z Av‡Q k‡ãi myôz cÖ‡qvM, Dcgv-iƒc‡Ki h_v_©Zv, ev‡Kï myMwVZ Aš^q, Q‡›ì SsKvi Ges m‡e©vcwi myiaŸwb| Zuvi iPbv‰kjx AmvaviY| Zuvi fvlvq Av‡Q IRw¯^Zv I mvejxj MwZ| wZwb M‡`ï hv`yKi| wkí mvwn‡Z¨ Q›`ÑAj¼v‡ii cÖ‡qvM Abe`¨ Avb›` I cÖkvwšÍi mÂvi K‡i| gaym~`‡bi mvwn‡Zï Dcgv AjsKvi evsjv mvwnZ¨v½‡b `„óvšÍ wn‡m‡e M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| gaym~`‡bi wkíxmËv RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK cwigÐ‡j fvemÂvi K‡i‡Q| Kwei `„wó‡Z †mŠ›`‡h©i HwnK I cviwÎK iƒc, e¯‘gq I fvegq iƒ‡ci mgv‡ek I mgš^q mvwaZ n‡q‡Q|Õ

cvðv‡Zï Kve¨bvUK Abykxj‡bi d‡j AwgÎvÿi Q‡›ì MVbcÖYvwj I cÖK…wZi m‡½ Kwei Nwbô cwiPq N‡U| kwg©ôv bvUK †jLvi eû Av‡M †_‡KB wZwb wMÖK I Bs‡iwR bvU‡Ki m‡½ we‡klZ †kK&mwcq‡ii bvU‡Ki m‡½ cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| Zuvi Rxebx-†jLK welqwU we¯Í…Zfv‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Qb: ÔbvUïPbvi me©cÖ_g cÖqvmiƒ‡c gaym~`b gnvfvi‡Zi GKwU NUbv Aej¤^b K‡i kwg©ôv bvUK iPbv Kwi‡jb| wKš‘ gaym~`b Bs‡iwR bvU‡Ki Av`‡k© DØy× nB‡jI AZ¨šÍ mZK©Zvi m‡½ Zuvnvi GB bvU‡Ki g‡a¨ e‡`wkK Av`k©‡K eënvi Kwi‡jb|Õ GB bvUK evsjv bvU¨mvwn‡Zï †gvo Nywi‡q †`q| DbœZ I kvjxb iæwP‡eva


Avi cÖ‡qvMÑˆbcyY¨ m¤¢eZ G bvU‡Ki GZ L¨vwZi KviY|cvBKcvovi ivRv‡ì Aby‡iv‡a gaym~`b `Ë kwg©ôv bvUKwU

Bs‡iwR‡Z Abyev` K‡ib| kwg©ôv bvUK cÖm‡½ ivRbvivqY emy †gw`bxcyi †_‡K gaym~`b `Ë‡K wj‡LwQ‡jb: ÔSermista is exactly after the pure classical model, is in many places full of sterling poetry, and displays considerable knowledge of human nature!Õ mgKvjxb mvwn‡Z¨ hv wKQz bZzb, AwfbeÑ mewKQzi m„wó mvd‡jï Abb¨ AwaKvix gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë| m„wói gZB Avðh© GK eY©gq Rxeb Zuvi| cÖwZfv I Abyf~wZcÖve‡jï, AvKv•ÿv I AvwKÂ‡bi, êcixZ¨ I bvUKxqZvi AšÍnxb Ø‡›Ø `xY©, weaŸ¯Í I wecbœ Zuvi Rxeb| gaym~`b `‡Ëi AšÍ‡j©vK I ewn‡j©vK Avðh©fv‡e wg‡k hvq ci¯ú‡ii cwic~iK wn‡m‡e|

Zuvi wPwV¸‡jvi †ewki fvM Bs‡iwR‡Z †jLv| cÎmvwnZ¨ wn‡m‡e gaym~`b ‡Ëi wPwV¸‡jvi g~j¨ Acwimxg| Bs‡iwR‡Z †jLv wPwV¸‡jv‡Z Zuvi ü`‡qi ¯^Ztù~Z© ewntcÖKvk N‡U‡Q| GKw`‡K wPwVi e¨w³MZ mnR myiwU †Kv_vI e¨vnZ nqwb, Ab¨w`‡K msev` Av`vbcÖ`v‡bi ï®‹ mvgvb¨Zvq Zv cwimgvß bq| gayym~`b `‡Ëi cÎvewj‡Z aŸwbZ n‡q‡Q Dwbk kZ‡Ki beRvM„wZi cÖavb cyiæ‡li ü`‡qi Qvc| Zuvi cÎvewj‡Z wea„Z n‡q‡Q ZrKvjxb hyMcwiPq, Zuvi mvwnZ¨Kg©, Kwegvbm Ges e¨w³Rxeb m¤ú‡K© D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Z_¨vewj| gayym~`b `‡Ëi cÎvewj‡Z Dwbk kZ‡Ki beRvM„wZi evYx aŸwbZ n‡q‡Q| Gme c‡Î †`Lv hvq, mgv‡jvPbv mvwn‡Z¨ Zuvi AMva cvwÐZ¨| GKwU wPwV‡Z †gNbvèa Kve¨

m~‡Î ivRbvivqY‡K wj‡L‡Qb wMÖK cyiv‡Yi Abycg †mŠ›`h© wZwb G Kv‡e¨ we¯Ívi Ki‡Z cÖqvmx| †mvRvmywR wMÖK cyiv‡Yi Kvwnwb AbyeZ©b K‡i bq, wMÖK‡ì Abycg †mŠ›`h© I Kíbvfw½ Øviv fviZxq †cŠivwYK PwiÎ I Kvwnwb iƒcvšÍwiZ K‡i| ZvB †gNbvèa Kve¨ †nvgv‡ii Bwjqv‡Wi Av`‡j iwPZ|

Rxebv`k©, welq, cÖKiY, Q›`, kã m‡e©vcwi mvgwMÖK Kve¨Kjvi DËi‡Y gaym~`b ‡Ëi ªóvgvbm hyMcr Avwe®‹viK I we‡eP‡Ki f~wgKvq AeZxY©| wZwb mvwnZ¨‡K †ckv wn‡m‡e MÖnY Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| gv`ªv‡R Ae¯’vbKv‡j 1849 mv‡ji 19 gvP© GKwU wPwV‡Z wZwb †MŠi`vm emvK‡K wj‡LwQ‡jb : ÔAll that I want to make me a regular man of letters, is a decent situation with a few hundred a month. Who will give it me? Is there none in India?Õ| e¨vwi÷vwi covi D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb BD‡iv‡c wM‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ †mLv‡b Zuvi Avw_©K msKU †Zv K‡gwb eis e„w× †c‡qwQj| 1865 mv‡ji 26 Rvbyqvwi wZwb d«v‡Ýi fvm©vB †_‡K †MŠi`vm‡K wPwV‡Z hv wj‡LwQ‡jb Zv †hb gv`ªvR †_‡K 1849 mv‡j †jLv wPwVi cÖwZaŸwb: ÔI wish I could devote myself to its cultivation, but, as you know, I have not sufficient means to lead a literary life and do nothing in the shape of real work for a living.Õ Avw_©K msKU Zuvi KwemËv‡K gvSc‡_ _vwg‡q †èvi Ab¨Zg KviY| A_©me©¯^ mgv‡Ri wb`©q †Pnviv wZwb cÖZ¨ÿ K‡iwQ‡jb| wcZvi g„Zzï ci Zuvi ÁvwZiv ˆcZ…K m¤úwË AvZ¥mvr Kivi eû †Póv Pvwj‡qwQj| wZwb A‡bK K‡ó ÁvwZ‡ì weiæ‡× gvgjvq wR‡Z 1860 mv‡j ˆcZ…K m¤úwË D×vi K‡ib| wZwb wQ‡jb

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†`q Nv‡U ùvwo‡q| wKš‘ †KD Qz‡U Av‡m bv| ZLb wb‡RB Nv‡Ui Kv‡Q LvRv WvKv‡Zi evwo‡Z cÖ_g Qz‡U hvq AvBbywÏ| LvRv ZLb Piæqv WvKvZ `‡ji m`©vi| GjvKvi eo eo †Mi¯Í-†Pqvig¨vbivI f‡q Kuv‡c LvRv WvKv‡Zi bvg ïb‡j| iv‡Z evwo‡Z _v‡K bv WvKvZiv| †mB iv‡ZI LvRv evwo‡Z wQj bv| AvBbywÏi me©¯^ nviv‡bv Kvbœv ï‡b LvRvi eD e‡j, †`‡k GZ †h Pzwi-WvKvwZ nq, me wK LvRv WvKvBZ GKjvB K‡i? †Zvgvi †`vKvb WvKvwZ K‡i bvB †m| ZeyI m‡›`n wb‡q ciw`b LvRv WvKvZ‡KB wePvi †`q AvBbywÏ| LvRv e‡j, AvBbywÏ PvPv, wQP‡K Pzwi-wQbZvB Avi Mwiegviv WvKvwZ Avwg Kwi bv| †K †Zvgvi †`vKvb jyU K‡i‡Q, Lyu‡R †ei Kie Avwg| mvZ w`b ci bM` evqvbœ UvKvmn ZwejUv D×vi K‡i AvBbywÏ‡K †diZ †`q LvRv| AvUvi e¯Ív †diZ cvqwb| †`vKvb jyU K‡i AvBbywÏ‡K c‡_ emv‡bv WvKvZ‡ì cwiPqI Rvb‡Z cv‡iwb AvR ch©šÍ| g‡b co‡j LvRv‡K wR‡Ám K‡i Rvb‡Z Pvq AvBbywÏ| wei³ LvRv agK †`q, cyivbv w`‡bi c¨vPvj ev` `vI †Zv|

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†PvL ey‡R AvBbywÏ †h gyw³hy‡×i mgq‡K ¯§iY K‡i, hy× bv †`Lv AíeqmxivI Abygvb Ki‡Z cv‡i mn‡R| KviY †mB mg‡qi K_v ¯‹z‡ji eB‡ZI †jLv Av‡Q, wUwf‡ZI †`Lv hvq ninv‡gkv| GKvËi mv‡j cÖvq GK †KvwU evOvwj cvwj‡q BwÛqv hvq| †`‡k hviv wQj, ZvivI nvbv`vi evwnwbi f‡q cvwj‡q †eovq| V¨vsfvOv Nv‡UI GKevi eo ai‡bi cvjv‡bvi NUbv N‡U| KviY iv¯Ívi gv_vq Nv‡UI e‡mwQj ivRvi K¨v¤ú| ivB‡dj nv‡Z ivRvKviiv MÖv‡g gyw³evwnwb Lyu‡R †eovq| Rq evsjv Avi ¯^vaxb evsjvi c‡ÿ K_v ej‡jB Zv‡ì a‡i wb‡q cvK evwnwbi K¨v‡¤ú Pvjvb K‡i †`q| cvKevwnwbi `vjvj ivRvKvi gvi‡Z GK iv‡Z b`xi Icvi †_‡K gyw³evwnwb G‡m ivRvKvi K¨v‡¤ú AvµgY Pvjvq| f‡q w`wM¦w`K cvwj‡q hvq ivRvKviiv| Acv‡ikb †kl K‡i weRqx gyw³evwnwbI b`x †cwi‡q AvZ¥‡Mvcb K‡i| wKš‘ Zvi ciw`bB mÜ¨v‡ejv Lei Av‡m, gyw³evwnwb gvi‡Z †gwkbMvb Avi Kvgvb-U¨vsK muv‡Rvqv eni wb‡q †Lv` cvKevwnwb V¨vsfvOv Nv‡Ui D‡Ï‡k iIbv w`‡q‡Q| ivRvKviivB Lei w`‡q †W‡K Av‡b Zv‡ì|

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LvRvi †ec‡ivqv K‡Éi nuvKWvK ï‡b cvjv‡bv gvby‡li wfZ‡i GKUz GKUz K‡i mvnm wd‡i Av‡m| Kvke‡bi Avovj †_‡K hviv LvRvi Kv‡Q hvq cÖ_g, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ AvBbywÏI wQj| AvBbywÏ †`vKvb`viB LvRv‡K evav w`‡q mZK© K‡i, gv_v Lvivc nB‡Q †Zvi, jvwVmowK wbqv AvRivB‡ji mvg‡b LvovB‡Z Pvm! Rjøvèvwnwb V¨vsfvOvi me †Mivg R¡vjvBqv QvB KBiv wè| IB †kvb, ¸wji AvIqvR †µ‡g Nv‡Ui Kv‡Q Nbvq|

†jvKR‡bi mvov bv †c‡q LvRv gyw³evwnwb‡Z †hvM w`‡Z P‡j hvq Avi ¸wji AvIqvR †_‡g hvIqvi ciI cjvZK gvby‡liv evwoNi †d‡j RvbUv nv‡Z wb‡q AÜKv‡i b`xi P‡i, †SvcSv‡oi Avov‡j cvwj‡q _v‡K| cvwj‡q Avmgv‡bi Zviv †`‡L AvBbywÏI Avjøvi Kv‡Q cÖvYwfÿv Pvq|

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†`vKvb wbR©b I ¯Íä nIqvi ci `yjvjxB AvBbywÏ‡K RvwM‡q †`q, I `v`v I‡Vb, †`vKvb eÜ Kie Avwg| NygvB‡jb bvwK?

aodo K‡i †ewÂ‡Z D‡V e‡m AvBbywÏ, †`vKv‡b cwiwPZ wfo bv †`‡L `yjvjxi Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z Pvq, †`k wK ¯^vaxb nB‡Q? gyw³hy× †_‡K wdi‡Q †Zvi ev‡c?

Kx Av‡evj-Zv‡evj †d`jv cv‡ob? †bb, GB cvDiæwUUv Mig Pv‡q wfwR‡q Lvb, Zvici evwo hvb| †`vKv‡b Avwmqv givi PvB‡Z N‡i ïwZewm †kl wbk¦vm Qv‡ob wMqv|

`yjvjxi nv‡Z iæwU-Pv †`‡L AvBbywÏi wL‡Ì †e‡o hvq †hb| Kw¤úZ nv‡Z Pv‡qi Kvc †bq| Pv‡q iæwU Wzwe‡q gy‡L †Zvjvi ci, LvIqvi Z…wß‡Z ì` DcPv‡bv †Pv‡L `yjvjxi w`‡K ZvwK‡q _v‡K| Mig iæwU gyLMnŸi †_‡K myoor K‡i †c‡U †b‡g †M‡j, Aewkó ùvZ KÕwU‡Z nvwmi wSwjK Zz‡j e‡j AvBbywÏ, LvRv‡i KBwQ, †Zvi weqvUv bv LvBqv Avwg giæg bv †i `yjvjx!

gÄy miKvi K_vmvwnwZ¨K


AvšÍR©vwZK L¨vwZm¤úbœ evOvwj AvBbwe` I cÖL¨vZ wk¶vwe`, cÖwZfvevb e¨w³Z¡ W. ivavwe‡bv` cvj 1886 mv‡ji 27 Rvbyqvwi Kzwóqv †Rjvi †`ŠjZcyi Dc‡Rjvi g_yivcyi BDwbq‡bi Zviv¸wbqv MÖv‡g gvZzjvj‡q Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wcZv wewcbwenvix cvj| Rvcvwb‡ì Kv‡Q †èZzj¨ W. ivavwe‡bv‡ì kke Kv‡U wgicyi Dc‡Rjvi mìcyi BDwbq‡bi wbf…Zcjø x KvwKjv`‡n| GjvKvwU GLb RRcvov bv‡g cwiwPZ|

ivavwe‡bv` †Q‡j‡ejv †_‡KB wQ‡jb †gavex QvÎ| Kzwóqvi wgicyi Dc‡Rjvi QvwZqvb BDwbq‡bi QvwZqvb MÖv‡gi †Mvjvg ingvb cwÐ‡Zi Kv‡Q Zuvi evj¨wk¶vq nv‡ZLwo| wbgœ I D”P cÖv_wgK cix¶vq e„wË jvf K‡i wZwb Kzwóqv nvB ¯‹z‡j fwZ© nb| †mLv‡b wZwb

gva¨wgK ch©vq ch©šÍ †jLvcov K‡ib| 1903 mv‡j cÖ‡ewkKv cix¶v Ges 1905 mv‡j ivRkvnx K‡jR †_‡K wWmwUKkbmn GdG cix¶vq DËxY© n‡q wZwb D”P wk¶vi Rb¨ KjKvZv hvb Ges †cÖwm‡WwÝ K‡j‡R MwYZwefv‡M fwZ© nb|

mvd‡jï m‡½ MwYZwkÿv mgvß K‡i ivavwe‡bv` 1919 mv‡j gqgbwms‡ni Avb›`‡gvnb K‡j‡R MwY‡Z Aa¨vcbv w`‡q Zuvi Kg©Rxeb ïiæ K‡ib| cvkvcvwk PjwQj KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡q Zuvi AvBb wel‡q Aa¨qb| 1920 mv‡j GjGjGg cix¶vq cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z cÖ_g ¯’vb jvf K‡i wZwb KjKvZv nvB‡Kv‡U© AvBb †ckvq †hvM`vb K‡ib| wKQzKvj c‡i KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K Zuvi WvK Av‡m Ges †mLv‡b wZwb AvBb wefv‡M Aa¨vcbv ïiæ K‡ib| Gici GKB wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K wZwb 1924 mv‡j AvBb wel‡q W±‡iU wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| 1923-1936 mvj ch©šÍ wZwb KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡q AvB‡b Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| 1937 mv‡j wZwb ÔB›Uvib¨vkbvj GKv‡Wwg Ad Kg‡cwiwUf jÕ-i hyM¥mfvcwZ Ges ÔAvšÍR©vwZK AvBb mwgwZÕi m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ nb| fviZ miKvi 1941 mv‡j Zuv‡K ÔwjM¨vj G¨vWfvBRviÕ wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM`vb K‡ib| GeQ‡iB wZwb KjKvZv nvB‡Kv‡U©i wePvicwZ wbhy³ nb Ges 1943 mvj ch©šÍ `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| 1944 mv‡j wZwb KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi fvBm-P¨v‡Ýji wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM cvb Ges 1946 mvj ch©šÍ `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|

wkÿvwe` W. ivavwe‡bv` cv‡ji myL¨vwZ ZLb fviZ e‡l©i MwÐ Qvwo‡q c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡k Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q| 1946 mv‡ji GwcÖj gv‡m wZwb †UvwKI Uªvqv‡j wePviK nevi Avgš¿Y cvb| wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i ci 1946-48 mvj ch©šÍ Rvcv‡bi ivRavbx †UvwKI gnvbM‡i Rvcvb‡K hy×vcivax mve¨¯Í K‡i †h we‡kl AvšÍR©vwZK Av`vjZ MwVZ nq, wZwb wQ‡jb †mB Av`vj‡Zi Ab¨Zg wePvicwZ| 800 c„ôvi †hŠw³K iv‡q wZwb Rvcvb‡K Ôhy×vcivaÕ-Gi Awf‡hvM †_‡K gy³ K‡ib| G ivq wek¦bw›`Z nq Ges wZwb Rvcvb-eÜz fviZxq wn‡m‡e L¨vwZ AR©b K‡ib|

wePvicwZ W. ivavwe‡bv` cvj 1952 mv‡j RvwZms‡Ni ÔAvšÍR©vwZK AvBb KwgkbÕ-Gi m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ nb| wZwb 1954 mv‡j Kwgk‡bi wØZxq fvBm-†Pqvig¨vb Ges 1958 mv‡j †Pqvig¨vb wbe©vwPZ nb| wZwb 1962 mv‡j wØZxqev‡ii gZ Kwgk‡bi †Pqvig¨vb wbe©vwPZ nb| 1957 mv‡j RvwZmsN mvaviY cwil` Zuv‡K w` †n‡M Aew¯’Z ÔAvšÍR©vwZK b¨vqwePvi Av`vjZÕ-Gi wePviK c‡` wb‡qvM`vb K‡ib| 1959 mv‡j fviZ miKvi Zuv‡K ÔcÙf~lYÕ Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ K‡ib Ges GKB eQi fviZ miKvi Zuv‡K eënvikv‡¯¿i RvZxq Aa¨vcK wbhy³ K‡ib| 1959 mv‡j wZwb ÔAv‡gwiKvb †mvmvBwU Ad B›Uvib¨vkbvj jÕ-i m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ nb| GQvovI wZwb ÔBwÛqvb BbKvg U¨v· G¨v±-1922Õ cÖYq‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib|

W. cvj wn›`y k©b AvBb ew`K hyM, Zvgvw` AvBb, AvqKi AvBb, c~e©vwaKvi AvBb, AvšÍR©vwZK m¤úK© Aa¨qb Ges êw`K hyM wn›`y AvBb BwZnvm wb‡q KvR K‡ib| wZwb Rvcvb, d«vÝ, †b`vij¨vÛmn we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡k AvBbwelqK AvšÍR©vwZK mfv, †mwgbv‡i AskMÖnY Ges mfvcwZZ¡ K‡ib| wZwb AvBb-m¤úwK©Z eû MÖš’cÖ‡YZv|

Rvcv‡bi BwZnv‡m ivavwe‡bv` cv‡ji bvg ¯^Y©v¶‡i wjwLZ _vK‡e| †UvwKI kn‡i Zuvi bv‡g i‡q‡Q iv¯Ív, gby‡g›U, Rv`yNimn AmsL¨ ¯’vcbv| GgbwK Rvcvb wek¦we`¨vj‡q Zuvi bv‡g GKwU wimvP© †m›Uvi i‡q‡Q|

PvKwiRxe‡bi L¨vwZ I mybvg Zuv‡K wek¦cwiPq `vb K‡i‡Q| wZwb wQ‡jb bq Kb¨vmšÍvb (h_vµ‡g kvwšÍ, Avkv, jxjv, †ejv, bxwjgv, iægv, †iYyKYv, j²x Ges ¯§„wZKYv) Ges cuvP cyÎmšÍvb (h_vµ‡g cÖkvšÍ, cÖ`Ë, cÖYe, cÖZxcweRq Ges cÖZzjKzgvi)-Gi RbK|

1967 mv‡ji 10 Rvbyqvwi Dcgnv‡`‡ki GB cÖL¨vZ wkÿvwe` I AvBbwe‡klÁ KjKvZvq †klwbk¦vm Z¨vM K‡ib|

Aveyj dRj cvBjU e¨vsKvi

†kl cvZv

W. ivavwe‡bv` cvjAvšÍR©vwZK L¨vwZm¤úbœ AvBbweÀveyj dRj cvBjU


10 wW‡m¤î 2015 mÜ¨vq AvBwRwmwm ¸jkvb wgjbvqZ‡b wZb Kwei Mvb I Ave„wË b~cyiQ›`v †Nvl IW. kvnv`vZ †nv‡mb bxcyi K‡É|

19 wW‡m¤î 2015 AvBwRwmwm ¸jkvb wgjbvqZ‡b eyjeyj gnjvbex‡ki GKKmsMxZmÜ¨v

08 Rvbyqvwi 2016 mÜ¨vq AvBwRwmwm ¸jkvb wgjbvqZ‡b fvi‡Zi†mŠ‡gb AwaKvixi K‡É cÖqvZ†ngšÍ gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi Mvb

16 Rvbyqvwi 2016 mÜ¨vq AvBwRwmwm ¸jkvb wgjbvqZ‡b W. jxbv Zvcmx Lv‡bi wn›`y¯Ívbx kv¯¿xqmsMxZ I bRiæjMxwZ cwi‡ekb

11 wW‡m¤î 2015 mÜ¨vq AvBwRwmwm ¸jkvb wgjbvqZ‡b ZvbwRbv Zgvi K‡É iex›`ªmsMxZ

09 Rvbyqvwi 2016 mÜ¨vq AvBwRwmwm ¸jkvb wgjbvqZ‡b cÖgv AešÍxi Iwowk b„Z¨ cwi‡ekb

18 wW‡m¤î 2015 mÜ¨vq AvBwRwmwm

¸jkvb wgjbvqZ‡b Avwjd jvqjvi

†mZviev`b

15 Rvbyqvwi 2016 mÜ¨vq AvBwRwmwm

¸jkvb wgjbvqZ‡b †ivKvBqv nvwmbv bxwji

iex›`ªmsMxZcwi‡ekb

fviZxq nvB Kwgkb, XvKv

Regd. No. DA 355 Bharat Bichitra January-February 2016

bZzb AvBwfGwm †K›`ª

BwÛqvb wfmv A¨vcwj‡Kkb †m›Uvi (AvBwfGwm)-Gi gva¨‡g fviZxq wfmv Av‡e`b MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ fviZxq nvB Kwgkb, XvKvi ^xK…Z G‡R›U G‡÷U e¨vsK Ad BwÛqv (GmweAvB) Avb‡›ì m‡½ †NvlYv w`‡”Q †h, 13 †m‡Þ¤î 2015 †_‡K wfmvi Av‡e`bcÎ MÖnY I weZi‡Yi Rb¨ ewikvj, gqgbwmsn I iscy‡i bZzb AvBwfGwm †Lvjv n‡q‡Q|

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iweevi †_‡K e„n¯úwZeviÑ Av‡e`bcÎ MÖnY mKvj 8.00Uv †_‡K `ycyi 1.00Uv|iweevi †_‡K e„n¯úwZeviÑ Av‡e`bcÎ weZiY weKvj 3.00Uv †_‡K mÜ¨v 6.00Uv|

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AvBwfGwm-i me †K›`ª me ai‡bi wfmv Av‡e`b MÖnY Kiv nq| evsjv‡`‡k GL wb‡¤œv³ AvBwfGwm †K‡›`ª we`¨gvb| G¸‡jv n‡”Q: AvBwfGwm, ¸jkvb, XvKv \ AvBwfGwm, gwZwSj, XvKv \ AvBwfGwm, avbgwÛ, XvKv \ AvBwfGwm, DËiv, XvKv \ AvBwfGwm, PÆMÖvg \ AvBwfGwm, wm‡jU \ AvBwfGwm, Lyjbv \ AvBwfGwm, ivRkvnx \ AvBwfGwm, ewikvj \ b_© wmwU mycvi gv‡K©U wØZxq Zjv, ewikvj wmwU K‡c©v‡ikb, Ag„Zjvj †` †ivW, ewikvj (GjvKva ewikvj, ei¸bv, †fvjv, SvjKvwV, cUzqvLvjx I wc‡ivRcyi) \ AvBwfGwm, gqgbwmsn, 297/1 gvmKv›`v wØZxq Zjv, gvmKv›`v evm÷¨vÛ, gqgbwmsn (GjvKv: Rvgvjcyi, wK‡kviMÄ, gqgbwmsn, †bÎ‡Kvbv, †kicyi, Uv½vBj I fvjyKv) \ AvBwfGwm, iscyi, †R we †mb †ivW, ivgK…ò wgk‡bi wecix‡Z, gwnMÄ, iscyi (GjvKv: iscyi, w`bvRcyi, KzwoMÖvg, MvBevÜv, bxjdvgvix, cÂMo, VvKziMuvI Ges jvjgwbinvU)| D‡jøL¨, Gme GjvKvi wfmv Av‡e`b XvKvi †Kvb †K‡›`ª MÖnY Kiv n‡e bv|

wfmv Av‡e`b Kivi mgq Av‡e`bKvix‡ì mwVK wefvM wba©viY K‡i Av‡e`b Ki‡Z civgk© †Ìqv n‡”Q| me `wjj mwVK, m¤ú~Y© I AweKj nIqv PvB| Av‡e`bKvix‡ì G‡R›U I gaëZ©x gvbyl‡ì e¨vcv‡i mZK© _vKvi Ges Gme †ÿ‡Î wbKUZg _vbv/AvBb cÖ‡qvMKvix KZ…©cÿ‡K Rvbv‡bvi civgk© †Ìqv n‡”Q| AvBwfGwm evsjv‡`‡k Zvi c‡ÿ KvR Kivi Rb¨ †Kvb e¨w³/ms¯’v‡K Aby‡gv`b †`qwb|

cybwb©a©vwiZ cÖwµqv wd

1 Rvbyqvwi 2015 †_‡K cybwb©a©vwiZ wfmv cÖwµqv wd wb‡¤œv³ nv‡i Kvh©Ki n‡e: 1. XvKvi me AvBwfGwm †K›`ªÑ evsjv‡`kx UvKv 600.00| 2. AvBwfGwm, PÆMÖvgÑ evsjv‡`kx UvKv 600.00 \ 3. AvBwfGwm, ivRkvnxÑ evsjv‡`kx UvKv 600.00 \ 4. AvBwfGwm, wm‡jUÑ evsjv‡`kx UvKv 700.00 \ 5. AvBwfGwm, LyjbvÑ evsjv‡`kx UvKv 700.00 \ 6. AvBwfGwm, ewikvjÑ evsjv‡`kx UvKv 700.007. AvBwfGwm, gqgbwmsnÑ evsjv‡`kx UvKv 700.00 \ 3. AvBwfGwm, iscyiÑ evsjv‡`kx UvKv 700.00|

Av‡jvKwPÎ Avc‡jv‡Wi bZzb c×wZ:

1 Rvbyqvwi 2015 †_‡K we‡klfv‡e Kvh©Ki, Av‡e`bKvix‡ì AbjvBb Av‡e`bc‡Î †Ìqv wba©vwiZ RvqMvq Zv‡ì Av‡jvKwPÎ ‹¨vb K‡i Avc‡jvW Ki‡Z n‡e| ¯‹¨vbK…Z Av‡jvKwPÎ Qvov Av‡e`bcÎ Am¤ú~Y© e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e|

†níjvBbmg~n

†níjvBb †Uwj‡dvb/d¨v·/ B-†gBjmg~n: 00-88-02 88336322 \ 00-88-02 9893006 \ 00-88-01713 38949900-88-02 9863229 (d¨v·) \ [email protected]. Av‡iv mvnv‡hï Rb¨ B-†gBj: [email protected] Av‡e`b cÖwµqv msµvšÍ †h-†Kvb ai‡bi cÖ‡kœi Reve †c‡Z wfwRU Kiæb: http://www.ivacbd.com/faq.php

Rb¯^v‡_© fviZxq nvB Kwgkb, XvKv KZ…©K cÖPvwiZ

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bharat bichitra january-february 2016 issue

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