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Stepstoaddresspestsinworkerhousing:1.Communication!Workersmaynotunderstandthecauseofpestproblemsortheirroleinresolvingthem.Startwithcommunicationtoclearlydefineroles.Thismayrequirefarmmanagerstocreateadetailedcleaningschedulewithtasksforeachworker.2. Sanitation.Thisreferstotheeliminationofwatersources,cleaningupfoodspillage,makingsurethatrefuseisnoteasily
accessibletopests,andispromptlyremoved.Provideeducationandtoolsforpropercleaning,andbuildcleaningtimeintoworkerschedules.Sanitationorhousekeepingispestmanagement.
3. Exclusion.Helpkeeppestsoutofthestructurebysealingopeningsthatleadindoors.Ourwebsiteonpestexclusionhasresourcestohelpyouidentifyentrypointsandselecttherightmaterialstoperformthework.https://nysipm.cornell.edu/community/homes-and-other-buildings/scientific-coalition-pest-exclusion/
4. PestManagement.Ifpestinfestationsarefound,gainingcontrolofthepopulationmayrequiretheassistanceofapestmanagementprofessionalthathasaccesstospecializedbaitsandtrainingonwhere/howtoutilizethem.Trapsareavailabletocapturebothrodentsandroaches.
Resources:What’sBuggingYou? isaseriesofwebpagesthatprovideinformationaboutpestsandhowtomanagethem,includinglinkstofactsheets.https://nysipm.cornell.edu/whats-bugging-you/
BestPracticesforAddressingtheChallengesandConsequencesofPestsinWorkerHousing
MattFrye– [email protected] - @MateoFryeNewYorkStateIPMProgramatCornellUniversity
Humanenvironmentsofferfood,water,warmthandshelterthatareattractiveto- andsustainpestpopulations.Workerhousingmaybeparticularlysusceptibletopestproblemsduetoalackofunderstandingaboutpestbiology,alackofcommunicationaboutcleaningresponsibilities,alackoftimeandresourcestoimplementeffectivecleaning,or‘inheriting’housingwithexistingsanitationandpestproblems.Cockroachandrodentpestsareconsideredsanitationpestsbecausetheyfeedprimarilyonfoodspillageandrefuse,butcancontaminatepackageditemstoo(especiallyrodents).
www.nysipm.cornell.edu
Pestinfestationscanhavehealthandeconomicconsequencesinhousing.Rodentsaredestructivepeststhatcanchewthroughavarietyofmaterials.Infact,itisestimatedthat25%ofbuildingZiresofunknownoriginarecausedbyrodentschewingonwiresinwalls.Ratburrowinginthesoilcancausebuildingsabovetoshift,affectingtheintegrityofstructures.Importantly,fecesofcockroachesandrodentscancauseandsustainallergicreactionsandasthmainpeople.Thiscanaffectworkerperformanceandattitudesregardingjobsafetyandsatisfaction.Rodents,includingmiceandrats,arereservoirsofhumanpathogensthatcanleadtoillnessandevendeathfollowingexposure.Finally,pestpopulationsatworkerhousingcanspreadtootherbuildingsandcausedamagetocrops.
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UninvitedHitchhikers:WhatyouNeedtoKnowaboutBedBugstoHelpEliminateThem
MattFrye– [email protected] - @MateoFrye
NewYorkStateIPMProgramatCornellUniversity
www.nysipm.cornell.edu
Bedbugsaresociallytransmittedinsectsthataremovedonbelongings(rarelyonpeople)fromonesitetoanother.Thiscanincludeluggage,butalsofurnitureandpackages.Itmaytakeweekstomonthsforintroducedbugstobecomeaninfestation,providinganopportunityforintervention.Inthecaseofbedbugs,preventioniseasierandlesscostlythaneliminationofanestablishedinfestation.
Learntorecognizebedbugsandtheevidencetheyleavebehind.Notethatallstagesofbedbugsarevisible,withthesmallestnymphstagemeasuringaboutthesizeofapoppyseed.Fecalstains,smallblackspecks(processedblood)nearcracksandcrevicesonfurnitureandbedding,areoneofthefirstindicatorsthatbedbugsarepresent.Shedexoskeletonsandlivebugsmayalsobeobservedandaccompanycomplaintsofbites.Keepinmindthatworkersmaynotcomplainaboutbugsforfearofretaliationornegativestigma.
Pitfalltrapsaremonitors thatcanbeusedunderbedsandotherfurniture(legsgointocenterofdevice),orplacedthroughoutthelivingspace.Bedbugscrawlintotheouterwell,getstuckbecausetheycannotclimbupthesmoothsurfaceandsubsequentlydie.Differenttrapstypesareavailable,andacomparisoncanbefoundinHowtoGetBedBugsOutofYourBelongings referencedbelow.Pitfalltrapsareidealforearlydetection,andcanbeusedtoreducebedbugnumbers.Trapscanalsoletyouknowifaproblemwaseliminatedafteratreatmentwascompleted.
Bedbugsandotherinsectsareextremelysusceptibletodryheat.Farmmanagersmaychoosetotreatworkeritemsduringonboardingtokillpeststhatmayhavetraveledwiththem.Temperaturesmustreach122Ftobeimmediatelylethaltoallstagesofbedbugs.Duetoconcernsaboutdryingtimeandtemperatures,itisrecommendedthatdryitemsbeplacedinthedryerfor20minutesonhighheat[note– notallitemscanbetreatedwithheat,sofollowcleaninglabeldetails].
Seetheresourcesbelowfordetailedmanagementinformation.Resources:§ What’sBuggingYou?BedBugs:h"ps://nysipm.cornell.edu/whats-bugging-you/bed-bugs/§ BedBugFrequentlyAskedQuestions:https://bit.ly/2FkwnEQ§ HowtoGetBedBugsOutofYourBelongings:https://hdl.handle.net/1813/55760§ BedBugsIllustrated(alsoavailableinSpanish):https://bit.ly/2uevf37§ BedBugsareBack!AnIPMAnswer:https://hdl.handle.net/1813/43824
UnderstandingPestManagementRegulationsinPackingHouses
MattFrye– [email protected] - @MateoFryeNewYorkStateIPMProgramatCornellUniversity
www.nysipm.cornell.edu
Resources:§ FDAWebsite:https://www.fda.gov/food/guidance-regulation-food-and-dietary-supplements/food-safety-modernization-act-fsma
TheFoodSafetyModernizationAct(FSMA)of2011isanattempttoproactivelyprevent food-borneillnessintheUnitedStates.Thisactwassignedintolawwiththerecognitionthatfood-borneillnessisamajorrisktotheUSeconomyandthehealthofits’citizensbasedonrecentfoodrecalls.Afoundationalrulethatappliestoallfacilitiesandpestmanagementprogramsisthe“PreventativeControlsforHumanFood.”
ThisrulesetsexplicitexpectationsfortheidentiXicationandmitigationsofrisksthatcouldleadtotheadulterationoffoodandsubsequentfood-borneillness.Pests,suchasrodents,cockroachesandXliesthatcontaminatefooditemsareariskthatwouldrequireawrittenplanunderthenewlaw.Compliancedatesformostfoodfacilitiesbeganin2017to2018,andprogramsincludethesethreemaincomponents:
UpdatestoCurrentGoodManufacturingPractices
HazardAnalysis
Risk-BasedPreventativeControls
§ Educationandtrainingarerequiredforemployeesinvolvedinmanufacturing,processing,packingorholdingfoodtoensurethatitisclean,safe,andallergen-free.
§ Thismustbeapartofthefoodsafetyplanandconsideranyandallpossiblebiological,chemicalorphysicalhazardstofooditems.Identifiedhazardsmustbeaddressedbyapreventativecontrolmeasure– describedinawrittenplan.
§ Sitesareabletodevisetheirownpreventativecontrolsthataddresshazards.PlancomponentsaredescribedbyFDAandpreventativecontrolsmustbeimplementedaswrittentoreducerisks.
Ratdroppingsandproduce
Fooddistributioncenter
Science-BasedRodentManagementMattFrye– [email protected] - @MateoFrye
NewYorkStateIPMProgramatCornellUniversity
www.nysipm.cornell.eduResources: 2018RodentResearchandEducationReport:https://hdl.handle.net/1813/64556
Manyrodentmanagementprogramsatfooddistributioncentersadheretoa“threelinesofdefense”strategy.Rodentbaitstationsareplacedalongfencerowsat50to100footintervals(aslongasthefenceiswithin100feetofthebuilding,aspertherodenticidelabelinstructions).Thesecondlineofdefensearesimilarly-spacedbaitstationsalongtheoutsideperimeterofthefacility,andthethirdlineofdefensearemulti-catchtrapsontheinteriorperimeter.Despiteitsubiquitoususeandadoptionbythirdpartyauditingagencies,thereisnoresearchevaluatingtheefficacyofthisapproach.Therefore,aresearchprojecttoexaminerodentmanagementprogramsatfooddistributioncenterswasundertaken.Thestudytookplaceat12sites,7intheMetropolitanNYareaand5inToronto,Canada.Ateachsite,everyexteriorbaitstationandinteriormulti-catchtrapwasinspected,andconditionsconducivetorodentpopulationswererecorded.Characteristicsofdevicesweregroupedintocategories,andcomparedtomonthlyfeedingforexteriorbaitstations,andmonthlytrapcaptureforinteriormulti-catchtraps.Somekeyresults:
Exterior:§ MonthlyfeedingwashigherfordevicesnearShelter(unmanagedvegetation)andnearhigherTemperatures(ontheWestsideofthefacility).
§ 93.8%ofdeviceswerenearanaccesspoint.§ 100%ofdeviceshadsomeleveloffeedingoverthemulti-yearstudy.But,72.9%offeedingobservationswereminimalfeeding(lessthanoneedgeofbait).
Interior:§ MonthlytrapcapturewashighernearCorners,Edges,nearhigherTemperatures(mechanicalrooms,SouthandWest-facingwalls) andPestProo7ing (nearrodentproofdoorandconcretewalls).
§ 45.2%oftrapscaughtamouse;29.7%oftrapscaughtmorethanonemouseovertime.
ExteriorBaitStation
Interiormulti-catch
traps
Recommendations: Exterior:Removevegetation,oldequipmentandothershelteronbuildingexterior.InstallaVegetationFreeZonetoeliminatesoiladjacenttofacility.Focuseffortsonbuilding'sWestside.Minimizerodenticidewastebyusingnon-toxicdetectionbaitblockswithsnaptraps.Interior:InstalltrapsonSouthandWestside,incornersandedges.Manytrapswerelocatednearaccesspoints,highlightingtheneedforpestexclusiontopreventrodententry.
NotfortheBirds!MethodsforKeepingBirdsoutofPackingHousesMattFrye– [email protected] - @MateoFrye
NewYorkStateIPMProgramatCornellUniversity
www.nysipm.cornell.edu
Resources: Seeourbirdspageformore:https://nysipm.cornell.edu/whats-bugging-you/birds/
Birdsarepestsoffoodfacilities.Theyenterthroughdoors
andloadingdocks,andremovalisbothdifNicultand
expensive.Onceinside,birdsconsumeanddamageproduct,
butalsocontaminatematerialswiththeirfeces.Considering
theirabilitytocarrypathogensthataffecthumans,birdsin
packinghousesrepresentahealthrisk.
Inadditiontodamageimposedbybirdsinsidethefacility,
roostingbirdsareaproblemforstructures.Theweightof
nestmaterialandbirdscanaffectthestructureandfunction
oflightNixtures,andnestingintheselocationscanleadto
droppingsbelow.Nestmaterialcanalsocloggutters,leading
towaterissuesforbuildings.Nestsmaybeasourceofmites
thatcanenterthefacilityafterbirdsleavethenest.
Birdmanagementinfoodfacilitiestakesanumberofforms.
Lethalapproaches(trapping,shooting)andphysical
removal(trapping)areavailableforspeciesthatarenot
protected,and/orwiththeuseofspecialpermitsobtained
bythepropertyowner.Preventionthroughtheuseof
repellentsandexclusiontechniquesarenon-speciNicandcan
beusedatanytime.Importantly,sanitationorhabitat
manipulationtoremovesuitablefood,waterandshelterfor
pestbirdsisanimportantstepinlimitingtheirpeststatusat
foodfacilities.Thefollowingexclusiontechniquesare
commonlyusedtokeepbirdsoutandwillbediscussedin
thecontextofabirdIPMplan:
§ Netting:Sealsaccesstovoidsusedfornesting&roosting.§ Spikes:Long,sharp,plasticormetalspikestodiscourageroostingornestingonledges(seeimageatleft).
§ Post-and-Wire:protectledgesandotherNlatsurfaces,arecheapandeasytoinstall,oftennotobservedbypublic.
§ Electri@iedSystems:Tape-likematerialwithwiresthatcauseanelectricalshocktobirdsonledges.Not
dangeroustopeople,butrequiresregularmaintenance.
§ SuspendedPlasticStrips:Coversdoorstoprevententry§ Fear-ProvokingStimuli:numeroustypesthatrequireefforttodelayhabituation.Bestwhenincludesomekind
ofmovement,install/uninstall,reinforcewithhuman
activitythatmaintainsfear(actualdogandwolfcutout)
§ Repellents:Saturatingthemarket,butefNicacydatathatdemonstratesconsistentrepellencyislacking.