best practice dropped object hand handbook
TRANSCRIPT
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HandbookBest practice DroppeD oBject ManageMent
www.samarbeidforsikkerhet.no
rev. 02
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abbreviations / termsHSE• –Health,safetyandenvironmentDO• –Droppedobject,anuncontrolledmovementofanobjectfromoneleveltoanotherCCTV• –(Closed-circuittelevision)surveillancecamera.Documented training• –trainingwherebypersonsusinganequipmenthavereceiveddocumentablepracticaltrainingandtheoreticaltuitionthathasprovidedthemwithknowledgeof:Structure/composition,operation,propertiesandareasofuse,aswellasmaintenanceandcontrol,allincompliancewiththesafe-useandoperatingrequirementsintheapplicableregulationsandinstructionsforuse.Competent person• –Apersonthatcandocumentpracticalandtheoreticalknowledgeinthedisciplinearea,forexampleintheformofanexaminationcertificateoracertificateofcompetence.SfS• –SamarbeidforSikkerhet(“WorkingTogetherforSafety”)Atripartitecooperationwithinthefieldofhealth,safetyandtheenvironment(HSE)intheoiland-gasindustry.
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Fallingobjectsrepresentasignificantsafetychallengeinouroperations.
Studieshaveshownthatourgreatestchallengesareconnectedtoworkprocessesandinadequatelysecuredequipment.AsacorrectiveactionWorkingTogetherforSafety(SfS)hasdecidedtopublishthishandbook,whichsummarizesrelevantrequirementsforsecuringfixedandlooseequipment.
ThishandbookwasfirstestablishedbyStatoiltogetherwiththeircontractorsandusers.OuraimbypublishingthishandbookistocommunicateBestPracticetotheindustry.Themainobjectiveistoavoiddroppedobjects.Toachievethisweneedtoknowhowtosecureequipment.Usethishandbookactivelytobetterunderstandandestablishnecessarybarriers.Alsomakesurethatthesebarriersaremaintained.
SfSwouldliketoexpresssincerethankstoStatoilHydrofortheirwillingnesstosheartheirBestPracticewiththerestofourindustry.
ErikWiigLeaderSfS
introduction
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table of contentsPurpose of the handbook......................................... 6Barriers.......................................................................8Fall energy and fall factor........................................ 10Galvanic corrosion...................................................12Bolted connections..................................................14 -Specialbolts........................................................16 -Boltedconnections.............................................. 18Correct use of cotter pins....................................... 26Securing pins/ safety pins....................................... 28Securing devices...................................................... 30Correct installation of wire clamps......................... 32Securing of personnel.............................................. 34Derrick evacuation equipment................................ 36Securing of tools at hight........................................ 38 -Handtools<5kg............................................... 38 -Tools5-25kg......................................................40 -Securingofotherportableequipment................ 42 -Toolcabinetsforwork......................................... 44Securing of permanently attached equipment..... 46Walkways -Grating.................................................................46 -Pipeworkandequipmentfeedthroughs.............. 48 -Railings............................................................... 50 -Toeboards.......................................................... 52 -Swinggates........................................................ 54 -Ladders............................................................... 56
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Electroandinstrument -Floodlights........................................................... 58 -Lightingfixtures...................................................60 -Navigationlights................................................. 62 -CCTVcamera.....................................................64 -Craneboomcamera........................................... 68 -Loudspeakers.....................................................70 -Junctionboxesandcabinetsinstalledaloft........ 72 -Cabletraysandcableladders............................ 74Structures -Windwalls..........................................................76 -Signs...................................................................78Otherequipment -Valvehandlesandwheelsinstalledatheight..... 80 -Locksoninsulationcladding.............................. 82 -Temporary/permanentstorageofgascylinders.. 84 -Snatchblocks....................................................86 -Umbilicalrollersheaves..................................... 88 -Loophoses.........................................................90 -Loadcarriers......................................................92 -Correctuseofshackles...................................... 94 -Correctuseofeyebolts/eyenuts....................... 96Racks and storage..................................................... 98Unnecessary equipment aloft.............................. 100Securing of parts, equipment and material during work aloft ...................................................102Post inspection/ final check of the work site...... 104Observation techniques........................................ 106
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purpose of the handbook Thisdocumentisintendedtohelpeliminatetheriskofdroppedobjects.Itappliesbothtoequipmentprocureandtoequipmentalreadyinusein/onyourownandhiredinstallations.Inmanycases,thefunctionalrequirementsthatareestablishedfortheequipmentinthisdocumentwillsetanewstandardforouractivities.Thedefinitionofbarriersthatpreventdroppedobjects,deployedintheprocurement,useandmaintenanceofequipment,hasbeenanimportantgoal.Whenprocuringnewequipment,wemustendeavourtouseintegratedsolutionsinrespecttobarriers.Inordertominimizethedangerofcollision,wemustalwaysevaluatetheriskassociatedwiththechosenlocationofequipment.Equipmentmustbedesignedandinstalledtoprovidethesafestpossibleaccessformain-tenance,ref.NORSOK,PSA,OLFandtheNorwegianLabourInspectionAuthority.
Thefunctionalrequirementssetforthinthishandbookmustbecompliedwithinthewholevaluechain:- design - procurement - installation- operation - maintenanceBycomplyingwiththeserequirementsyouwillhelpSfSachievethegoalofzerodroppedobjects
Who is responsible? – Everyone in the value chain (see next page).
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Barriersarefunctionsandmeasuresdesignedto•breakaspecifiedundesirablechainsofevents.Inotherwords,theirfunctionistopreventadangerfrommanifestingitselfortolimitthedamagebybreakinganundesirablechainofevents.
Barriers
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Safetybarriersaretechnical,organizationalorotherplannedandimplementedmeasuresintendedtobreakanundesirablechainofevents.- Man (humanknowledge,experienceandqualities)
- Technicalsolutionsalonecanserveasbarrier functions,buttheyoftenneedtobecombinedwith organizationaland/orhumansolutions- Organizational(procedures,specifications, checklistsetc.)
MandOsolutionscannot fillbarrierfunctions alone;theymustalwaysbecombinedwithatleast oneothersolution.
M
t
o
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Fall energy and fall factor
Fall factorsthe “fall factor “de-scribes the severity of a fall. it is an expression of the relationship be-tween the length of the fall and the length of rope available to break the fall.
the fall factor is calcu-lated using the formula on next page.
factor0
lanyardwith
lanyardwithoutenergyabsorber
factor1 factor2
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Fall energy Fallenergy,measuredinJoules(J)asshowninthefiguretotheleft,isonlyusedinconnectionwiththeriskofpersonalinjury(inothercasespotentialfallenergy(Ef)iscalculatedusingtheformulaEf=mghwheremistheweightoftheobjectinkg,histheheightfromwhichtheobjectisdroppedandgisthegravitationalaccelera-tion=9.8m/s).Alimitof40JhasbeendefinedbyOLFandPSANorway,asthecriterionforseriouspersonalinjury.
Fall factorThefallfactoristhetotallengthofthefalldividedbythelengthofthesecuringdevicethatabsorbsthefallenergy.Theforceapersonorobjectisexposedto,dependsontheenergy-absorbingpropertiesofthesecuringdevice(abilitytolengthenwithoutbreaking).Whensecuringpersonsagainstfalling,thefallfactormustundernocircumstancesexceedfactor2.Itshouldpreferablybekeptunderfactor1.
reference: petzl technical guideline.
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galvanic corrosion
Asabasicrule,onlymetalsofthesameoralmostthesamenobilityshouldbecombinedinacorrosiveenvironment.
Anode(lessnobel)
cath
ode
(mor
e no
bel)
Electrochemical series
cathode (protected) more noblegraphitetitanium
silveracid-proof steel a4 – passive stainless steel a2 – passive
iconel – passive nickel – passive
silver solderMonel
copper/nickel alloysBronzecopper
Brassiconel – active nickel – active
TinLead
TinsolderStainlesssteelA4–activeStainlesssteelA2–active
CaststeelSteelandiron
Aluminium2024–T4Cadmium
Aluminium1100Galvanisedsteel
ZincMagnesiumalloys
MagnesiumAnode (corrodes) less noble
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Galvaniccorrosionoccurswhentwodissimilarmetalswithdifferentvoltagepotentialsareincontactwitheachotherinthepresenceofanelectrolyte(dampfilmorseawater/freshwater).Whenthishappens,thelessnoblemetalbecomestheanodeandthemorenoblemetalthecathode.Ifasteelscrewisfixedintoacopperplate,thescrewwillbetheanodesincecopperisthenoblermetal.Thescrewwillcorroderapidlyasthedifferenceinpotentialisgreat.
Ifthesamesteelscrewisfixedintoalessnobleplate,e.g.azincplate,thescrewwillbethecathodeandwillnotrust.Thezincplatewillcorrode,asitislessnoblethanthescrew.
Forthesereasons,itisimportantthatallsecuringdevicesareofthestainlesssteeltype.Thisappliestocotterpins,safetypins,securingwireandlockingwireforthreadingthroughnutsandboltsetc.
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steel screwcurrent
Humidity
copper
steel screwcurrent
Humidity
Less noble plate
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Bolted connections
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Atpresent,boltsarebeingproducedtoatleast85differentindustrialstandardsandtherequirementsforboltedconnectionsvaryforthedifferentsectorsdependingonthegivendesign,operationalandmainte-nancerequirements.
Achievingastableboltedconnectionwillthereforerequireaqualifiedevaluationofthefollowingfactors:Loaddesign•Choiceofmaterialswithrespecttomechanical•propertiesandcorrosionresistanceWhereappropriate,useoflubricant•Pre-tensioninganduseofthecorrecttorque•equipment
Locking of bolts to secure against loss of torque and pre-tension, is defined as secondary retention.
Eighty-fivepercentofalldamagetoboltsetc.isduetofatigue: –dynamicloadwithinadequatepre-tensioning –overstrainresultinginreducedpre-tensioning
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special bolts
BONDURA BOLTwww.boltnorge.no
Bondurahasaconstructionthatcantakeupmovementandovalitybyusingexpandingtaperedsleevesatbothendsofthebolt.Thereareseveralvariantsofthebolt,bothstraight-throughversionstootherthatarefittedfromoneside.Standardscrewsaretightenedtopressinthecones.Theboltisfixeddirectlytothemachineorequipmentwithlockingscrews.Thispreventstheboltfromloosening,fallingoutorrotatinginthebolthole.Bonduraboltsmustbefittedandmaintainedinaccordancewiththemanufacturer’sspecifications.BonduraiscertifiedincompliancewithAPI8CandF.E.M.regulations.
Areas of use:Forexample,asareplacementforclevisboltsintopdrivesandhingeboltsondollies,pipehandlingequipmentandcranes.
Bondura bolt 6.6 Bondura bolt 6.1
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SUPERBOLT / SUPERNUT www.superbolt.com
Superbolt/Supernutareconstructedsuchthatstand-ardnutsarereplacedby“stretchnuts”withintegratedjackboltsandwashers.UsecanbeverybeneficialintermsofHSEbecauseonlyhandtoolsareneededforfittinganddismantling.Riggingofheavytorqueequip-mentanduseofsledgehammersduringinstallationanddisassemblyisavoided.Anadditionalbenefitisthattimeissavedduringtheoperations.Boltsmustbefittedandmaintainedinaccordancewiththemanufacturer’sspecifications.BothSuperboltandSupernutisavailableinaspecialcorrosionresistantoffshoreversion.
Areas of use:Almostunlimited;availableinbothinchandmillimetredimensionsanddiametersfromM20toM160.
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Bolted connections
nord-Lock bolt securing system
spiralock
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Dual nuts are not recommended for locking of bolted connections. The following methods are recommended for locking bolted connections.
NORD-LOCk BOLT SECURiNG SySTEM www.nordlock.comWhencorrectlyinstalled,theNord-LockBoltsecuringsystemprovidesaguaranteedsecureboltedconnection.Lockingisachievedbymeansoftwowashersthatensuretheclampingforceismaintainedintheboltedconnection.Nord-LockhasDnV(DetNorskeVeritas)typeapproval.
Areas of use:Particularlysuitableforconnectionsexposedtovibra-tions,e.g.grating,loudspeakers,cabletrays,ladders,guiderailsetc.Butithasanalmostunlimitedrangeofapplications.
SPiRAL LOCkwww.spiralock.comSelf-lockisanall-metallocknut/boltandhasaspeciallydesignedthreadedprofilethatlockswhentightenedanddistributesthetensionoverthewholelengthofthethread.Thisprovidesbetterloaddistribution,whichhelpstoimprovethelockingoftheboltconnection.
Areas of use:Almostunlimited,frequentlyusedforcriticalboltconnections.
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correct installation of cotter pins in bolts
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CASTLE NUT WiTH COTTER PiNAdoptedfromtheaviationindustry,Castlenutsprovideavisualandreliablemethodforlockingboltedconnections.Thenuthasradialslotsandislockedbynoncorrosivecotterpinsthatareinsertedthroughaholeinthebolt.
Areas of use:Unlimited,butfrequentlyusedforcriticalboltconnections.
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nyloc lock nut
Lock nut with split top Lock nut with deformed top
tab washer tab plate
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NyLOC LOCk NUTNyloclocknutsareextensivelyusedthroughouttheindustry.Nyloclocknutsshouldonlybeusedonce.StandardDin985Nylocnutshaveatemperatureratingfrom-70°Cto+120°C.Areas of use:Thistypeofnutisrecognizedforlockinginconnec-tionswhereacertaindegreeoflostpre-tensioncanbeaccepted.
ALL-METAL LOCk NUTSAll-metallocknutscanbeusedonallboltdimensions.Thenutlocksbythethreadedsectionortopofthenutdeforms/splits,orthroughthenuthavingatoothedringunderthecollar.Thisprovidesgreaterfrictionbetweenthebolt/underlayandnut,providingasecurecon-nection.Therearemanyvarietiesandsuppliersonthemarket.Areas of use:Thesenutshaveanalmostunlimitedareaofuse.
TAB WASHER / TAB PLATE DiN 93/463 Tabwasherscanbeusedonalldimensionsandinanyplacedesignedfortheuseoftabwashers.Thereareseveraltypeswithdifferentareasofuseforlockingeithernutsorbolts.Itisimportanttousetherighttypeforeachpurpose.Areas of use:Typicallyinuseonmachinerywhereitisimportanttopreventtheboltfromrotating.
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Lock-wiring of bolts
paLnUt (Din 7967) lock nut
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PALNUTPalnutlocknut(DIN7967)hasbeenonthemarketforseveraldecadesasanalternativeforlockingofboltedconnections.Palnutlocksby“cutting”itselfintothethreadsontheboltwhenitistightened.Intheoffshorecontexttheyarenormallyusedforlockingontopofstandardnuts.Areas of use: Onthrough-boltsinfixedequipmentanddrillingequip-ment.Easytoinstallwheresecondaryretentionarenotinplace.
LOCk-WiRiNGLock-wiringofboltsisalockingmethodadoptedfromtheaviationindustry.Inbrief,themethodinvolvesthreadingaspecialstainlesswirethroughaholeinthebolthead,twistedandlockedtothenextboltorstruc-ture,thuspreventingthebolttorotateandloosen.Thewirecanbeusedtolockamaximumofthreeboltsinarow,asshownintheillustration.(Forinfoonthesizeoftheholeinthebolthead,seeISO7378).Areas of use: Usedextensivelyforlockingexternalboltedconnec-tionsondrillingandpipe-handlingequipment.Oftenusedwheretherearenothrough-boltsand/orthereisaneedforeasyvisualcontrolofthelocking.
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correct use of cotter pins
cotter pin in a shacklebolt
correct installation of cotter pins in bolts
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Theindustryhasexperiencedproblemswiththecorrectuseofcotterpinsandthechoiceofmaterials.
Best practiceCotterpinsmustbebenttopreventthemfrombeing•knockedout-Wherethereisadangerofpersonnelexposed,thecotterpinmustbebentasshownintheillustrationWhenhoistingpersonsandloads,alwaysuseshack-•leswithtwobarriers.Preferably:nutandcotterpinLinchpins,springtypesplitpinsoranyothertypeof•safetypinsthatcanbeknockedoutmustnotbeusedforliftingoperations•Cotterpinsshouldbemadeofstainlesssteel•Forstaticloads,shackleswithtwobarriersarerec-•ommendedItisarequirementthatcotterpinsasdescribed•aboveareinspectedregularlyandreplacedwhenrequired.
references: norsoK r-003, norsoK r-005 and Din-en-iso 1234
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securing pins/ safety pins
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Withintheindustryvarioustypesofinappropriatesecur-ingpinsareused.Theseareunsafebecausetheycaneasilybeknockedout,forexample;springtypesplitpin.
Best practiceNB!Securingpinsofthetypeshowninthepictures•must never be usedinliftingappliancesSecuringpinsshallprovidesecondaryretention•Securingpinsshallbeofthepropersizeandquality•Securingpinsshallbesecuredbywire(wherethisis•appropriate)topreventdropItisarequirementthatsecuringpinsasdescribed•aboveareinspectedregularlyandreplacedwhenrequired.
Areas of use:Scaffoldingbolts,securityboltsonremovablerailings,clawcouplingsandsecuringbracketsongascylinderracksetc.
references: norsoK r-003 and norsoK r-005
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securing devices (wires, chains and couplings)
Whereverpossible,equipmentinstalledatheightshallhaveintegratedsecondaryretention.Ifnotpossible,orwhereequipmentisexposedtotheriskofcollision,theequipmentmustbeequippedwithsecondaryretentionsecurelyattachedtothestructure.
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Best practiceSecuringdevicesmustbedimensionedinaccord-•ancewiththeequipmentsupplier’scalculations.Thequalityofmaterialsusedmustbeconsistentthrough-outtheentireassemblyOnlyacid-proofsecuringwire(AISI316,type7x19•IWRC)shallbeused.Wiresmustbelockedwithdoublepresslocks(forexampleTaluritlocks).ThelocksmustbemadeofcopperandtheminimumdistancebetweenthelocksmustbeapproximatelyequaltothelengthofafullycrimpedlockAllconnectors/snaphooksmustbemadeofacid•proofsteel(AISI316)andbeequippedwithlocks.SnaphooksattachedtoshacklesshouldhaveeyeletsChainmustbemadeofacid-proof(AISI316)or•galvanizedsteelShacklesforusewithsecuringdevicesshouldhave•rotatingboltwithnutandcotterpin,markedwith“CE”,“WLL”andtraceability,atleastintheformofbatchmarkingThechainorsecuringwiremustbeasshortas•possibletominimizethepotentialfallenergySecuringdevicesmustbeinstalled,maintained•andinspectedinaccordancewiththeinstructionsprovidedintheusermanualormaintenanceinstructions.
references: sfs recommendation 024/2008 and page 10 and 11 in this handbook.
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correct installation of wire clamps
correct installation of iron grip wire clamps.
WireropeØMinimumnumberofwireclamps
mm perpiece
3-9 3
10-16 4
17-20 5
21-26 6
27-37 7
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Corrosionandincorrectinstallationofwireclampsarechallengesintheindustry.
Best practiceWireclampsmustbeofthecorrectnumberandsized•tothedimensionofthewireItisarequirementthatwireclampsareassembled,•inspectedandmaintainedinaccordancewiththemanufacturer’susermanual/maintenanceinstruc-tions.
Note: Wire clamps of the U-bolt type must not be used in connection with lifting operations.
reference: norsoK r-003 and norsoK r-005
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securing of personnelDocumentedtrainingisamandatoryrequirementforallpersonnelusingfallarrests.
Fall strap reel with shock absorber
saLa trauma strap
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Best practiceTheestablishedcontrolprocedures,bothbeforeand•afteruse,mustbefollowedNobodyshallworkaloneorunattended,whenusing•fallarrestequipmentPersonalusingfallprotectionequipmentmusthave•documentedtrainingthatincludesrescuemethods.(Ref.page2)Necessaryrescueequipmentmustalwaysbeavail-•ableattheworksitePersonalprotectiveequipmentagainstfallsmustbe•CEmarkedTheequipmentmustbecheckedatleastevery12•monthsbyacompetentpersonandshallbemarkedwiththedateforthenextinspectionAbuddycheckofriggingandequipmentmustbe•carriedoutChoiceofsecuringequipment,shallbedecidedafter•evaluationoftheworksiteTheanchorpointforsuspensionshallbeabletosup-•portatleast10kN(seerequirementinNS-EN795)Theharnessshouldpreferablybeequippedwitha•safetystrap.(E.g.:SALAtraumastrap,whichallowsyoutorestonyourfeetafterafall,inordertoensurebloodcirculationtothelegs).
references: the norwegian Working environment act, the norwegian Labour inspectorate’s regulation - including; nos. 500, 523, 524 and 555. Module o-2.2 training plan for documented safety training; Fall arrestequipment and basic lifting appliances. oLF guidelines for construction of scaffolding (no. 105), oLF guidelines for fall arrest and rescue (no. 113) and sfs recomandation 023/2008
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Derrick evacuation equipment
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Best practiceEquipmentmustbeprotectedfromwearandharsh•environmentEquipmentshouldbestoredincabinet/lockerto•protecteditfromUVradiationandweatherEvacuationblocksmustbeCE-marked•Theridingbeltorharnessmustbeattachedtothe•evacuationblockortotheguidelinewhereappro-priateEvacuationblock,guideline,attachmentpoint,•couplingsandshacklesaredefinedasevacuationequipment/antifallingdevicesandmustbechecked,certifiedandmarkedaccordinglyAnchorpointsforsuspensionmustbeabletosupport•atleast10kNTheequipmentmustbecheckedatleastevery12•monthsbyacompetentpersonandshallbemarkedwiththenextinspectiondateSafeaccesstoanduseoftheequipmentmustbe•ensured.
references: norsoK D-001, norwegian Labour inspectorate’s regulations no. 555, ns en 341 (evacuation Blocks), ns en 362 (connectors) ns en 795 (anchor points) and ns en 813 or 1497 (riding belts)
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securing of tools at height (<5kg)
internal securing loops
safety wires and connectors securing of tools
tool belt for scaffolder
Weaklink
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Thereisasignificantpotentialofdroppedobjectswhenusingtoolsatheight.
Best practiceUseoftoolsatheightmustberisk-assessed•Wiresandconnectorsmustbeusedbetweenthe•tools,beltorbagSwivelswithsetscrewsshouldnotbeused•Weaklinkshallbeinstalledbetweenthebag/belt•andsafetywireAtoolbagwithinternalloopsshouldbeusedwhen•varioustoolsaredeployedatheightWriststrapsmustnotbeusedbecauseofpotential•personalinjuryIfanattachmentpointotherthanthebeltorbagis•required,useanappropriatepartofthesurroundingstructure,preferablyabovetheworklevelInlimitedareas,forexamplethederrick,flareboom•andcranes,toolsusedatheightmustbeloggedoutandintoensurethatnothingisleftbehind.
reference: sfs recommendation 024/2008
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securing of tools at height (5-25kg)
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Methodsforsecuringheavytoolsandhand-heldmachineryforuseatheighthavenotbeenadequatelydefined.Inviewofthemajorpotentialforseriousdamageifsuchtoolsormachineryaredropped,itisimportanttohaveclearguidelines. Best practiceAlluseofheavytoolsandhand-heldmachineryat•heightmustberisk-assessedAllheavytoolsandhand-heldmachineryusedat•heightmustbesecuredagainstdropbothwheninuseandwhilebeingtransportedSecuringdevicesmustbedimensionedinaccord-•ancewithverifiablecalculationsanddocumenteddroptests(seethesectiononsecuringdevices)Securingpointsfortoolsandmachinerymustbein•placeabovetheworksiteandthesecuringdevicemustbeastautaspossibleInlimitedareas,forexamplethederrick,flareboom•andcranes,toolsusedatheightmustbeloggedoutandintoensurethatnothingisleftbehind.
reference: sfs recommendation 024/2008
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securing of other portable equipment at height
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Severalofreporteddroppedobjectincidentsarerelatedtoradios,pagersandgasdetectors.Best practiceAllportableequipmentusedatheightmustbese-•curedagainstbeingdroppedCarryingpouchesmustalwaysbeusedforradios•andanyotherportableequipmentthatdon’thavecertifiedsecuringpoints-LocksonthepouchesmusthaveadoublesecuringmechanismtopreventunintentionalopeningBeltclipswhichallowequipmenttobecomedetached•whenturned180ºshouldnotbeusedBeltswithsnapfastenersarenotrecommendedfor•securingofequipmentatheight.
reference: sfs recommendation 024/2008
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tool cabinets for work at height
Toolcabinets/lockersforworkatheighthavenowbeeninstalledatmanyfacilities,offshoreinmostcasesnearthedrillfloor.Unfortunately,anumberofirregularitieshavebeenobservedregardingsecuring,controlandregistrationoftools..
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Best practiceEachcabinet/lockershallbeequippedwithalistof•contentsandbekeptlockedAdesignatedpersonmustberesponsibleforthecab-•inettoensurethatalltoolstakenfromandreturnedtothecabinetareloggedThecontentsofthetoolcabinetforworkatheight•anditsaccompanyinglogbookmustbecheckedattheendofeveryshiftAlltoolsmustbeadequatelyequippedforsecuringat•heightandmusthavedocumentedattachmentpointsInadditiontothenecessarytools,cabinetsshouldbe•equippedwithasufficientnumberof:-correctlydimensionedsafetywireswithapprovedswagelocks-connectors/snaphookswithlocking-toolbagswithinternalfasteningdevices-specialbeltsforfasteningoftoolsandbag-weaklinksforfasteningbetweentheharness/beltandsafetywire.
reference: sfs recommendation 024/2008
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securing of permanently attached equipment grating
Atpresentthereareanumberofdifferentwaysoffasteninggratingtounderlyingstructuresorframes.Asaresultofvibrationsanddefectivelockingoffastening,thereareincidentsofloosegratingandlooseormissingfasteningclips.
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Best practiceGratingmustbeadequatelyfixedtounderlying•structurestopreventlooseningduetovibrationsorloadsGratingshouldbesecuredagainstmajorsideways•displacementinalldirectionsThrough-boltsorthreadedconnectionswithlocknut,•arerecommendedforsecuringtostructureOpeningsinthegratingmustnotexceed20mm•wherepersonnelmaytraffictheareabelow,andshouldotherwisenotexceed35mm.
reference: norsoK c-002, norsoK s-002, en-iso 14122-2 and the norwegian Labour inspection authority’s regulation no. 170 with guidelines.
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piping and equipment feedthroughs
Significantshortcominginpipingandequipmentfeed-throughandmissingholecoveringarefoundthroughouttheindustry.
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Best practiceAllpipingandequipmentfeedthroughsindecksand•gratingmusthaveatoeboardandmustbecoveredtothegreatestextentpossibleCanvasoracladdingmaterialcanbeused.Thisis•especiallyimportantinareaswherethereisequip-mentrequiringperiodicmaintenance.Doneproperlyandpreferablypermanently,itwillbeanefficientmeasureagainstdroppedobjects.
references: norsok D-001, norsoK c-002 and norsoK s-002
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railings
Majordefectsinrailingshavebeenobservedintheindustry,andparticularlyincollapsible,movableandaluminiumrailings.
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Best practiceRailingmustbe1100mmhighasaminimumand•haveintegratedtoeboardsthatareatleast100mmhigh•Railingmusthaveafunctionaldesignfortheareaitisintendedtosecure,e.g.wiremeshmustbeinstalledasrequired(lockedareas)Railingsshallnothavedeformationsorcracksthat•affectsthefunctionalityorstrengthItmustalwaysbepossibletoinsertmovablerailings•intothefasteningsandinsertasecuringthrough-boltThesafetyboltmustbeadequatelylockedusinga•securingpin,snaphook(witheyelet)oracotterpin(seealsothesectiononsecuringpins)Boththesafetyboltandlockingmustbesecuredin•theimmediatevicinityoftheattachmentAllconnectionsbetweenelementsintherailingmust•besecuredwiththrough-boltandlocknutUseofsetscrewsarenotrecommendedin•permanentrailingsRailingsandattachmentpointsforcollapsibleand•movablerailingsmustbeinspectedonaregularbasistomaintainadequatesecuringandfunctionality.
reference: en iso 14122-3, norsoK D-001, norsoK c-002, norsoK s-002 and the norwegian Labour inspection authority’s regulation no. 170 with guidelines
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toe boards
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Shortageofandincorrectlyinstalledtoeboardsareobservedthroughouttheindustry.Commonlythegapbetweenthetoeboardanddeckareexceedingrequirements.
Best practiceDecks,gangwaysandplatformsmusthavetoe•boardswithaminimumheightof100mmOnstairways,everystepmusthaveatoeboardwith•aminimumheightof50mmAlllandingsinstairwaysmusthavetoeboardswitha•minimumheightof100mmThegapbetweenthedeckorgratingandtoeboard•mustnotexceed10mm.
references: en-iso 14122-3, norsoK D-001, norsoK s-002, norsoK c-002 and the norwegian Labour inspection authority’s regulation no. 170 with guidelines
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swing gates
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Onmanyswinggatesthehingesarefittedwithouttherequiredmaterialqualityordesignstrengthtoservetheintendedfunction.Manyoldergatesalsolackintegratedtoeboards.
Best practiceGatesmustbeofthesamestrengthasthe•surroundingrailingsGatesmustbesecuredinordertoprevent•disengaging.Gatesmustopen/swinginwardstotheplatform•ordeckGatesmustbedesignedtoautomaticallyreturn•toandremaininclosedposition.Onfloatingrigs/installationsitisrecommended•tofitalatchtosecuredthegateinclosedposition.Toeboardsmustbeintegratedingates•Whereverpossible,thehingesshouldbeanintegral•partofthegateSwinggatesmustbeinspectedandmaintainedon•aregularbasistoensureadequatefunction.
references: norsoK D-001, norsoK c-002, norsoK s-002 and
en-iso 14122-3
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LaddersDamagedladdersandsafetycageshavebeenobservedintheindustry.Crackshavebeenfoundinbothladdersandcages,especiallyinderricksandareasarulecausedbycollisionwithmovingequipment/objects.
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Best practiceLaddershigherthan9mmusthaveincorporateda•restplatformevery6thmorbeequippedwithafixedfallarrestdevice(ref.NORSOK)Laddershigherthan6mshouldhavearestplatform,•incompliancewithTheNorwegianLabourInspectionAuthority’srecommendationsSafetycagesmustbeinstalledonladdersofmore•than3mandonshorterladderswherethereisariskoffallingtoalowerlevelThesafetycagemuststartatamaximumof2.2m•abovethedeck/floor.Minimizethedistancebetweentheupperpartoftherailingandthelowerpartofthecage,byusingextraprotectionasappropriatewherethereisariskoffallingtoalowerlevelThesafetycagemustextendtoatleast1.1mabove•thetoplevelThediameterofthesafetycagemustbeatleast•70-80cmAlldamageanddeformationmustbereportedand•correctedassoonaspossibleLaddersandsafetycagesmustbeinspectedona•regularbasistouncovercracksordamage.
reference: norsoK D-001, norsoK s-002, en-iso 14122-1,en-iso 14122-4 and the norwegian Labour inspection authority’s regulation no. 170 with guidelines
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Floodlights
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Floodlightsarerarelyadequatelysecuredagainstdropcausedbyhitsfrommovingequipment.
Best practiceFloodlightsmustbepositionedtopreventbeinghitby•equipment/loadsIfthereisapotentialofthefloodlightsbeinghitby•mobileequipment/loads,theymusteitherbeprotec-tedwithreinforcedcagesorbefittedwithsafetywiresFloodlightsmustbeequippedwithtwoindependent•barriers.Theattachmentpointsshouldbeintegrated,forexamplewitheyeboltsthreadedintothefloodlighthousingCalculationsmustbeavailableforattachmentpoints•andsecuringdevicesrelatedtotherelevantfallener-giesFasteningdevicesforsecuringofequipmentto•bracketorstructureshouldbefittedwithsecondaryretentionHatchesforreplacementoflightbulbsmustbe•hingedorsecuredwithwiretothefloodlighthousing/frameFornewinstallationsorforinstallingsecuringdevices•onexistingequipment,ausermanual/maintenanceinstructionsshouldbeavailable.Theinstructionsshouldalsocoversecuringdevices.
references: norsoK D-001, norsoK s-002 and sfs recommendation 024/2008
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Lighting fixtures
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Therehavebeenseveralseriousincidentswhereboththecoverandthecasinghavedropped.
Best practiceLightingfixturesmustbepositionedtopreventbeing•hitbymobileequipment/loadsLightingfixturesandbracketsshouldbefittedwith•secondaryretentionSafetywiresattachmentpointsshouldbeintegrated•inbothendsofthefixtureBatterypacksmustbefittedwithsecondaryretention•Theearthingwireshouldbeattachedinternallyto•functionasasecondaryretentionAbovewalkwaysandothertraffickedareasfixtures•withpowercableinfromonesideonly,requiresthattheoppositeendissecuredwithasafetywireThecovershouldhavehingesthatcanbefittedon•eithersideThecomponentrailshouldbehingedandmustallow•foradequatesecuringintheclosedpositionStrengthofattachmentpointsandsecuringdevices,•relatedtotherelevantfallenergiesmustbeeva-luatedFornewinstallationsorwheninstallingsecuring•devicesonexistingfixtures,usermanuals/main-tenanceinstructionsshouldbeavailable.Theinstructionsmustalsocoversecuringdevices.
references: norsoK D-001, norsoK s-002 and sfs recommendation 024/2008
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navigation lights
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Best practiceTheboltsusedtoattachnavigationlightstobrackets•andstructuresshouldbeequippedwithsecondaryretentionAttachmentbracketsmusthaveholesforattachment•ofsafetywiresCoverforelectricalconnectionsmustbehingedor•securedwithwireStrengthofattachmentpointsandsecuringdevices,•relatedtotherelevantfallenergimustbeeva-luatedNavigationlightswithslidinggroovesforboltatta-•chmenttothestructure,arenotrecommendedFornewinstallationsorwheninstallingsecuring•devicesonexistingequipment,ausermanual/main-tenanceinstructionsshouldbeavailable.Theinstructionsmustalsocoversecuringdevices.
references: norsoK D-001 and sfs recommendation 024/2008
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cctV camera
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Withintheindustry,itisidentifiedthatCCTVcamerashavebeeninadequatelysecured.
Best practice (integrated solution)CCTVcameralocationmustbeevaluatedtoprevent•riskofbeinghitbymovingequipment/loadsInareaswherethereiscraneactivity,cameras•shouldbeshieldedbyprotectivecagesThecameracasingmustbefastenedtothebracket•andstructurewithadequatelockingofattachmentboltsTheattachmentpointforsecuringdevicesshould•formanintegratedpartofthecameracasingandbracketStrengthofattachmentpointsandsecuringdevices,•relatedtotherelevantfallenergiesmustbeeva-luatedFornewinstallationorwheninstallingsecuring•devicesonexistingequipment,ausermanual/maintenanceinstructionsshouldbeavailable.Theinstructionsshouldalsocoversecuringdevices.
references: norsoK D-001, norsoK s-002 and sfs recommendation
024/2008
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Best practice (non-integrated solution)CCTVcameralocationmustbeevaluatedtoprevent•riskofbeinghitbymovingequipment/loadsWherethereisdangerofthecamerabeingstruckby•mobileequipment/loads,itmusteitherbeprotectedbyareinforcedcageorbefittedwithsafetywiretostructureThecamerashouldbefittedwithtwoindependent•barriersonthecameracasing,themotorizedpan-tiltzoomunit,thewipermotorandthelenscoverThecameracasingandmotorizedpan-tilt-zoomunit•shouldbeattachedtothebracketandstructurewithadequatelylockedattachmentboltsTheattachmentpointforthesecuringdevicesshould•beintegratedintothecameraparts.AlternativelyspecialclampscanbeusedasattachmentpointsCalculationsmustbeavailableforattachmentpoints•andsecuringdevices,relatedtotherelevantfallenergiesFornewinstallationsorwheninstallingsecuring•devicesonexistingequipment,ausermanual/maintenanceinstructionsshouldbeavailable.Theinstructionsshouldalsocoversecuringdevices.
references: norsoK D-001, norsoK s-002 and sfs recommendation
024/2008
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crane boom camera
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Withintheindustrytherehavebeenseveralincidentswhereacranecamerahasbeenstruckduringliftingoperations.
Best practiceCraneboomcamerasmusthavetwoindependent•barriersBoltsusedforattachingthecraneboomcamerato•bracketsandstructuresshouldbefittedwithsecon-daryretentionAttachmentpointsforthesafetywireshouldbe•integratedaspartofthecameracasing.Alternatively,specialclampscanbefittedroundthecameracasingThesafetywiremustrunfromthecameracasing•throughthecamerabracketandthenthroughtheattachmentbracketbeforebeingattachedsecurelytothestructureofthecraneboomCalculationsmustbeavailableforattachmentpoints•andsecuringdevices,relatedtotherelevantfallenergiesFornewinstallationsorwheninstallingsecuring•devicesonexistingequipment,ausermanual/maintenanceinstructionsshouldbeavailable.Theinstructionsshouldalsocoversecuringdevices.
reference: sfs recommendation 024/2008
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Loudspeakers
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Best practiceLoudspeakerslocationmustbeevaluatedtoprevent•riskofbeinghitbymovingequipment/loadsIfthereisariskofbeinghitbymobileequipment•/loads,loudspeakersmusteitherbeprotectedbyreinforcedbracesorequippedwithasafetywireBoltsusedtofastenloudspeakerstobracketsand•thestructureshouldbefittedwithsecondaryreten-tion,asanalternativeasafetywirecanbeattachedbetweenbracketandstructureStrengthofattachmentpointsandsecuringdevices,•relatedtotherelevantfallenergimustbeeva-luatedFornewinstallationsorwheninstallingsecuring•devicesonexistingequipment,ausermanual/maintenanceinstructionsmustbeavailable.Theinstructionsshouldalsocoversecuringdevices.
references: norsoK D-001, norsoK s-002 and sfs recommendation
024/2008
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junction boxes and cabinets
installed at hight
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Withintheindustryitisrevealedincorrectpositioningofjunctionboxesandcabinets,defectivesuspension/fasteningandinadequatesecuringofhatches,doorsandcovers.
Best practiceJunctionboxesandcabinetsmustbelocatedwhere•theydonotobstructpassageways,evacuationroutesormovingequipmentThetypeanddesignofattachmentandsafety•devicesmustbeinaccordancewithcalculatedloadsandknownpotentialexternalstressfactorsFasteningdevisesforsecuringofequipmentto•bracketorstructureshallbefittedwithsecondaryretentionWherethereisdangeroftheequipmentbeingstruck•bymovingequipment/loads,itmustbeprotectedbyareinforcedcageorbefittedwithasafetywireCoversmustbesecuredbyfastenersthataresecu-•redandlockedtopreventloosening,andmustbesecuredwithwireorchainHingedhatches/doorsshouldbesecuredagainst•unintendedunhookingandlockingdevicesshouldbefittedwithbarrieragainstopeningAsaminimum,themanufacturer’sinstructionsfor•installationandmaintenance(usermanual)mustbecompliedwith.
references: norsoK D-001, norsoK s-002 and sfs recommendation 024/2008
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cable trays and cable ladders
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Best practiceOnlyapprovedboltconnectionsshallbeusedfor•fasteningandcouplingsCablefixingclampswithscrewconnectionsareused•forsafeandfunctionalsecuringofinstrumentcablesWhenattachingthecablesupportsystemtoastruc-•ture,theriskofgalvaniccorrosionmustbeassessedandinsulationconsideredwhereappropriateTheusermanual/instructionsforusemustalso•provideguidelinesforcorrectinstallation,bothinthejointsandtheattachmentInaddition,theusermanual/instructionsforuse•mustprovideguidelinesfornecessarymaintenance/retighteningandinspectionofbothelectro-steelandboltandscrewconnections.
references: norsoK s-002, sfs recommendation 001/2001 and sfs recommendation 024/2008
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Wind walls
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Withintheindustrymanydamagedandlooseplateshavebeenrevealedinwindwalls.Thisisduebothtofaultyinstallationandtoexternalfactors(collisionswithmobileequipmentandharshenvironment).Best practiceWind-wallpanelsmustbefastenedtoaseparate•support/structureandnevertothemainstructureWind-wallpanelsmustalwaysbereinforcedusing•horizontalsteelbeamsinaccordancewiththedesignloadsAreasthatareexposedtocollisionriskmusthave•strongercornermountingssecuredbythrough-boltsandlocknutsThepreferredattachmentsolutionisthrough-bolts•withwashersandlocknutsTheusermanual/instructionsmustalsoprovide•guidelinesforcorrectinstallationofbothjointsandattachmentpointsGuidelinesmustbeavailableonessentialmainte-•nanceandinspectionofwind-wallpanelsandtheirattachmentpoints.
reference: norsoK c-002
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signs
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Signinstallationmethodshaveinmanycasesbeenfoundinadequate.
Best practiceTherequirementsoftheNorwegianLabourInspec-•tionAuthorityinrespecttopostingofsignsmustbefollowedSigns,bracketsandframesforsignsmustalwaysbe•securelyattachedandtheframesshouldbeofmetalWheretheunderlyingmaterialpermits,signframes•shouldbeattachedusingthrough-boltswithlocknutsFastenersusedforattachmenttobracketsandstruc-•turesshouldbefittedwithsecondaryretentionIdentificationtagsthatarepaintedorgluedare•recommendedforidentificationofpipingsystems.Onhotsurfaces,identificationtagsshouldbeattachedwithplastic-coatedsteelbands.
references: norsoK D-001 and the norwegian Labour inspection authority’s regulation no. 526 -chapter 3 - §§ 10 and 11.
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Valve handles and valve wheels installed at height
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Manycaseshaveoccurredwherevalvewheelsandvalvehandlesformanualvalvesarenotadequatelysecured.
Best practiceValvewheelsandhandlesmustbefittedwithsecond-•aryretentionWherepossible,nutsandcotterpinsshouldbeused•inthevalvestemonstationaryvalvehandlesandwheels(NordlockandNylocnutscanalsobeusedwhereappropriate)-Onlargehandlesandwheels,boltsandlocknutsshouldbeusedinsteadofcotterpinsWhenmobilehandlesorwheelsareused,they•shouldbesecured-Whennotinuse,handlesandwheelsshouldbestoredinasuitableandsafelocationIfSeegerringsareusedforlocking/securing,•frequentinspections/maintenanceshouldbecarriedouttocheckforcorrosionand/ormechanicaldam-ageOnwheelsthataresecuredbyasetscrewonly,•replacethesetscrewwithathrough-boltandlocknutSafetywirewithalockablesnaphookmaybean•alternativeifthesecuringmethodsmentionedabovecannotbeused.
references: sfs recommendations 001/2001 and
sfs recommendations 024/2008
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Locks on insulation cladding
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Therehavebeenmanyinstanceswithintheindustrywherepiecesofinsulationcladdinghavedroppedfromheightsduetovibrations,corrosionorstrongwinds.
Best practiceInsulationcladdingmustbesecurelyfastenedto•preventlocksfromlooseningunintentionallyThelocksshouldbesecuredwithsecondaryreten-•tion,eitherbyusingaboltandlocknutorbyinsertingastainlesscotterpinthroughthesecuringholesinthelocksorsimilar.Maintenanceroutinesmustincludeinspectionofthe•claddingtoensurethatitisingoodcondition.
reference: sfs recommendation 024/2008
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temporary / permanent storage of gas cylinders
storage rack with bolted cylinder brackets
temporary storage, secured with chain
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Gascylinderstemporarilystoredareoftenpoorlysecuredwithropeorcargostraps.
Best practiceStoringofgascylindersmustnotobstructpassage•Gascylindersmustbestoredandsecuredsafely•Storingofgascylindersmustberiskassessed•Temporarilystoredgascylindersmustbesecured•withachainPermanentstorageracksmustbeequippedwith•securingbrackets/chains.
references: norsoK s-001 and norsoK s-002
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snatch blocks
nord lock a set-screw is installed through the nut and into the stem
a set-screw is installed through the nut and into the bearing bolt
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Best practiceBlocksmusthavetwobarriersbothinthesuspen-•sionandtheshaftAmaintenanceprogrammustbeestablishedin•accordancewiththeusermanual,includingrequire-mentforinspectioneverytwelvemonthsofblocks,shacklesandliftinglugsbyacompetentperson-Blocksmustbedismantledattherequestofthecompetentpersonorinaccordancewiththemanu-facturer’srecommendationsor,inanycase,atleasteveryfifthyearSnatchblocksandsuspensionshacklesshouldpref-•erablybemarkedwithcolouredtiewrapsusingthedesignatedcolourcodeoftheyear.
AcompetencematrixmustbedrawnupinaccordancewithNORSOKforpersonnelwhomaintainandoperatesnatchblocks.
references: norsoK r-003, norsoK r-005 and sfs recommendation 014/2004 (snatch blocks).
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Umbilical roller sheaves (Banana sheaves)
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Asaresultofinadequatesecuringofrollersinumbilicalrollersheaves,therehavebeenseveralseriousincidents.
Best practiceAnumbilicalrollersheavemusthavemaintenance•programandbesubjectedtotestingandinspectioneverytwelvemonthsinaccordancewiththemanu-facturer’sinstructionsRollersmustbesecuredwithtwoindependentbar-•riers,forexample,through-boltswithlocknutsorcotterpinsAnumbilicalrollersheavemustbeusedexclusively•forthepurposeforwhichitwasdelivered,i.e.itisnotpermittedtouseitforsuspendingwiresTheumbilicalmustbeinstalledondeckandthesup-•portrollersreinstalledandsecuredAusermanual/maintenanceinstructionsforthe•equipmentmustbeavailableTheinstructionsmustcoverinstallation,inspectionandmaintenance.InstructionmustalsoincludesecuringdevicesSheavesandsuspensiondevicesshouldpreferably•bemarkedwithcolouredtiewrapsusingthedesig-natedcolourcodeoftheyear.
references: norsoK r-003 and sfs recommendation 024/2008
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Loop hoses
Faultyinstallationorinadequatemaintenanceofloophoses,andespeciallyhigh-pressurehoses,isapotentialsafetyrisk.
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Best practiceTheequipmentmanufacturer’sinstructionsforinstal-•lationandtechnicaldescriptionmustbefollowedClampsmustbeattachedandsecurelyfastened•wherethehoseismarkedwith;“Attachsafetyclamphere”Safetychainsmustbeasshortaspossible-and•installedasclosetotheverticalaspossible,topreventfallenergyandpendulumeffectSecuringdevicesforhosesmustbedesignedtosup-•portthemaximumloadsgeneratedbyabursthose.ThedesignbasismustbedocumentedTherequiredresistancetowearandtear,chemicals,•heatandUVradiationmustalsobedocumentedThesecuringsystemforhosesmustbecertifiedand•traceableThesecuringdevicesmustbecheckedandmarked•inaccordancewiththenormforliftingappliancesInadditiontocorrectinstructionsforinstallation,•theusermanual/maintenanceinstructionsshouldcontainguidelinesfornecessarymaintenanceandinspectionofthehosesecuringsystem.
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Load carrier Units (LcU)
Severalseriousincidentsrelatedtotheuse-anddispatchofloadcarriershavebeenrevealed.
Forklift pockets and roof
Forklift pockets, frame, tank and tank top
Forklift pockets and frame
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Best practiceChainslingsmusthavethenecessarycertification,be•intactandwithouttwists.ShacklesmustbeequippedwithnutsandcotterpinsLCU`smusthavethenecessaryidentificationand•certifiedliftinglugsLiftinglugs,doors,hingesandlocksmustnotbe•deformedordamagedPermittedloadsincontainersandbasketsmustbe•welldistributedandadequatelysecuredbystamping,useoflashingandnets(baskets).Lashingmustnotcomeincontactwithsharpedges.Paddingshouldbeusedwhereappropriate.HeavyobjectsmustbeplacedatthebottomOnLCU`swithattachedequipmentsuchaspumps,•tanks,winchesetc.,checkandensurethatnoequipmentprotrudesfromtheframeTanksmusthavesecuredandsealedmanholes/•valves.Allattachedequipment(grids,covers,platesetc.)mustbeadequatelysecured.Thepermittedloadmustnotbeexceeded-ItmustbeensuredthattherearenolooseobjectsintheforkliftpocketsorontopoftheLCU`sorinloads-Checkofequipmentmustbedocumentedbyasignaturebeforetransporttoorfromalocation.
references: DnV 2.7.1, ns-en 12079, norsoK r-003, norsoK r-005, sfs recommendation 024/2008 and oLF guideline no. 116
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correct use of shackles
safe use of shackles.Limitations.
illustration for shackles > WLL 8.5 t.on small shackles, the load must be distributed across the whole bolt.example: if a load of WLL 10.5 t is distributed across only 40 per cent of the shackle bolt’s length, WLL is reduced to 10.5 x 0.8 = 8.4 t.
Load direction on a shackle
Load on shackle bolt
WLL x factor = Lifting capacity
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Best practiceShacklesmustbecertified,CE-markedandapproved,•i.e.bemarkedwiththedesignatedcolourcodeoftheyear(preferablybyusingcolouredtiewraps).Shacklesmustbeequippedwithtwobarriers:nutand•cotterpinShacklesmustonlybeusedfortheirintendedpur-•poseandmannerTheusermustbefamiliarwiththeapplicablelimita-•tionsandguidelinesforuseShacklesaredesignedtosupporttheloadatthebot-•tomofthehollowtorusandevenlyacrosstheshacklebolt•Ifshacklesareexposedtoloadsinotherplaces,thismustbetakenintoaccountduringuseasitwillreducecapacityPointloadsontheshackleboltshouldbekepttoa•minimumasitwillreducecapacityOnshackleswithacapacityofmorethan8.5t,or•havelargeopenings,thereductionfactorshownatthebottomofthefiguremaybeusedtopreventdeforma-tionoftheshacklebolt.
references: norsoK r-cr-002, norsoK r-003, and norsoK r-005
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correct use of eye bolts /eye nuts
Before use of grade 80 eye bolts, see designated lifting table
45°
45°
stated WLL
right Wrong
Figure showing correctly and incorrectly installed eye bolts. note: only grade 80 (or better) eye bolts shall be used offshore.
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Best practiceEyebolts/eyenutsmustbecertified,CE-markedand•approved,i.e.bemarkedwiththedesignatedcolourcodeoftheyear(preferablybyusingcolouredtiewraps)Eyebolts/nutsmustonlybeusedfortheirintended•purposeandmannerTheusermustbefamiliarwiththeapplicablelimita-•tionsandguidelinesforuseEyebolts/nutsforuseoffshoreshallbeatleast•grade80Eyebolts/nutsforuseonshoreshouldbeatleastgrade80Grade80eyebolts/nutsarelabelledwiththepermit-•tedloadintheleastadvantageousdirection,i.e.90degreesonthefasteningboltEyebolts/nutsmustbeadequatelytightenedprior•touseManufacturerinstalledeyebolts/nutsarenormally•appropriateforuseduringinstallation/removaloftheunitstheyareinstalledon,e.g.gearboxes,pumps,motorsandvalvesEyebolts/nutsmustberemovedafteruse,andthe•threadsintheequipmentonwhichtheyhavebeenusedmustbepreservedbyforexample;greaseandaplasticplug.
references: norsoK r-cr-002, norsoK s-002, norsoK r-003 and
norsoK r-005
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racks and storage
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Thedesignofracksforstorageofmaterialandequipmentisoftennotappropriatetoensuresafestorage.
Best practiceEnsurethattemporarystorageinmodulesisper-•mittedinacontrolledmannerwithrespecttotypeofgoods,duration,storageareaandhousekeepingStoragemustnotobstructaccessibilityorevacuation•ofthemoduleEnsurethatthestoredmaterialsdonotobstruct•accesstoemergencyequipmentStorageracksandstorageareasmustbedesigned•toensurethatequipmentcannotaccidentallydroptolowerlevelsTheheaviestequipmentshouldbestoredlowest•Onmobileunits,temporarystoragespace/racks•mustbeseafastenedandshelvesshallbeequippedwithbaffleplates.
references: norsoK s-001 and norsoK s-002
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Unnecessary equipment
at height
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Obsoleteequipmentisoftenfoundatheight.Thisequipmentisoftenexcludedfromestablishedinspectionandmaintenanceprocedures,andintroducesaconsiderableriskpotential.
Best practiceItismandatoryonregularbasistoevaluatewhat•equipmentisrequiredorshouldberemoved.Theassessmentshouldestablishwhetherequipment•shouldberelocatedtoreducetheriskofcollisionwithmobileequipmentInspectionandmaintenanceproceduresshouldbe•revisedregularly,toensureinspectionandmainte-nanceofallequipmentinstalledatheight.
Finalchecksmustbecarriedoutconsistentlytoensurethatnoequipment/materialsareforgottenatheight.
references: sfs recommendation 01/2001 and sfs recommendation
024/2008
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securing of parts, equipment and material during work at height
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Thepotentialfordroppedobjectsduringrepairandinstallationworkatheightissevereandisreflectedinasignificantproportionofreportedincidents.
Best practiceAllrepairandmaintenanceworkatheightmustbe•riskassessedAllparts,equipmentandmaterialusedatheightmust•besecuredagainstdropSmallpartsmustbestoredinsuitablestorage•containersorsimilarInlimitedareas,forexamplethederrick,flareboom•andcranes,toolsusedatheightmustbeloggedoutandintoensurethatnothingisleftbehind.Whentheworkiscomplete,afinalcheckmustbe•carriedout,toensurethatnomaterialorequipmenthavebeenleftatheight.
reference: sfs recommendation 024/2008
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post inspection/final check of the work site
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Alwayskeepyourworksitetidy.
Best practiceTools,equipmentandmaterialmustbesecured•inasafelocation,attheendofeachshiftWhentheworkisfinished,afinalcheckand•inventorycountmustbecarriedouttoensurethatnotools,equipmentormaterialisnotleftbehindatheightTheworksitemustbeleftinatidyandcleanstate,•andalltools,equipmentandmaterialmustbereturnedtotheirdesignatedstorageplace.
reference: sfs recommendation 024/2008
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observation techniqueInordertoidentifyPotentiallyDroppedObjects(DO),itisimportanttobetrainedinDOobservationtechniques,suchasDROPSorsimilar.Thetrainingmustincludemethodsforreliablesecuringofequipment.
Best practiceinspection:Ampletime•Limitsizeofthearea•Concentrateonasmallnumberofcategories•andinspectinastructuredwaytomaintainanoverviewLimitnumberofpersonnelineacharea,•tokeepanoverviewFindingsnotinconformitywiththeestablished•standardorchecklistarephotographed,givenanaccuratedescriptionandsitereferenceInspection,identificationandcategorizationof•findingsarethefirststepsinminimizingthepotentialfordroppedobjectsFollow-upandcorrectionoffindingsaredecisive•factorsinpreventingdroppedobjects
reference: sfs recommendation 024/2008
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Ifyouhavequestionsorcommentsonthecontentsofthishandbook,pleasecontact:[email protected]@psk.no
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Neverletyour tools
offtheleash!
www.samarbeidforsikkerhet.no
COS_080363.February2009