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8/8/2019 Best of Science

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Introduction to Earth

Earth is the third planet from the Sun.

It is the fifth largest planet in the Solar

System.

It is the only planet that have life and is a

habitable planet.

There are some factors which make theearth a habitable planet.


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Biology

The science that

deals with theworking of

living organisms

is termed as

Biology.

It comes from

two Greekwords Bios and

Logos.

Bios means life

Logos means

study


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Charasteristics of a Living Organism

NUTRITION

RESPIRATION

CELLULAR

ACTIVITIES

RESPONSE TO

EXTERNAL

STIMULI

GROWTH

MOVEMENTS

DEFINITE LIFE

SPAN

REPRODUCTI

ON

LIFE CYCLE


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Nutrition

Each living organisms eats food for growth energy andTissue Repair.There are 2 types of living organismsAutotrophs and Hetrotrophs.

Autotrops make their own food for eg.Plants

Hetrotrops move in search of food.for eg.animals andhuman beings.


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Cellular Activities


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Response to External stimuli

Human beings response to external

stimuli for eg.when light comes on to

your eyes you move.

Plants do not response t external stmuli

but only one type of plant responses toexnternal stimuli(touch me not).


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Growth

Every living

organismgrows.

Growth is anincrease in

size of a living

organisms.

Non livingthings do notgrow on their

own.

Process of

growth isinternal and is

helped by the

Protoplasm ofa plant .


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Movements

Animals and human

beings move in

search of food.

Plants are fixed to

the ground and do

not show movement.


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Definate life span

Every living rganis as a

efinate life span.

Definate life span eans w

uc ti e it will live.H wuc ti e e will be alive.


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Reproduction

Reproduction

means givingbirth to

someone of

the samekind

This process

is importantto maintain

the

countinuityof species


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Life Cycle

Every living organism

have a life cycle.

It comprises of the time

of birth,childhood,old

age,death


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Life Span

House fly=1 to 4 months

Jelly fish=1yr

Rat=2-3yrsSquirrel=8-9yrs

Dog=16-18yrs

Beetle=20yrsLeech=20yrs

Spider=20yrs

Lion=25yr

Horse=30yrs

Ostrich=50yrsSwan=60yrs

man=70 to 80 yrs

Elephant=70-90yrsTortoise=120-150yrs


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Classification of living organism

There are many

living organisms.

There are1500000 animals

and

500000plants.

The first Scientist

to give an idea ofClassification was

Carolous

Linnaeus in 1735.

He divided livingorganisms intomany groups

called Species.


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Importance of classification

Carolus Linnaeus is known as the father of Taxonomy.

e ma e the classification system.

e gave the species 2 names.

The first name isknown as Genus.

The secon namewas species.


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Classification of plants

Plants are also divided into groups

one group is of on-Flowering

plants(Cryptograms).

Other group is of Floweringplants(Phanerograms)


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Plant kingdom

Phanerograms Cryptograms

Gymnosperms Angiosperms

Monocot Dicot

Thallophyta Bryophayta Pteridophyta


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Phanerograms

Gymnosperms

These are Naked seeded

Plants.for eg.Pinus,Cycas.

Angiosperms

These are closed seeded

plants.Fot

eg.grass,pea,bean andmango.

These are divided into two

more types.Dicot and

Monocot.


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Angiosperms

DICOTYLEDONS

They have two seedleaf.

Examples arepea,beans

MONOCOTYLEDONS

They have single seedleaf.

Maize,jowar,bajra.


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Cryptograms

These are lower plants.Non-floweringplants.Roots and leaves are absent.

These are classified into 3 types1Thallophyta

2B

ryophyta3Pteridophyta


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Bryophta

These are green in color and grow on damp walls

soils and bark of trees.eg.Mosses,Riccia,Marchantias


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Thallophyta

They have a undifferentiated plant body.

Eg.fungi,algae,bacteria and lichens.


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Pteridophyta

These are most complex cryptograms.These

show precense of true roots,true stems and

true leaves.They do not show precense offlowers.eg all types of ferns


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Classification of Plants based on shape,size and life span

Herbs

These have soft and delicate

stem.reaching a height from some

centimeters to one

metre.eg.Mustard, Radish,Ginger etc.


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Shrubs

They are medium sized

plants ranging from 2

metres to 7-

8metres.They give abushy appearance.

Eg.Rose,China-

Rose,Mehendi and

Oleander.


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Trees

They have a hard and

woody stem.Reaching a

height of some metres

to 100 metres.Thelarhest tree is in Red

Wood Callifornia are the

tallest trees meausuring

about 110 metres.


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Classification of plants based on

duration of life

Annuals

Biennials

Perenials


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Annuals

The are mostly herbs of shortlife span completing their life

cycle in one season.egrice,wheat,maize,radish,potato

peas,marigold.


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Biennials

These plants remainvegetive for the first year.

They produce flowers andfruitsin the second

year.eg.Beet,cabage,Turnip.


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Perenials

These plants have a life span ofmore than few years.Theyproduce flowers and fruits

after a few years.They produceplants and fruits after a fewyears eg.Guava ,Tamarind,

Neem , Palm, Banyan.

neem

Neem

powder


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Classification of Animals


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Unicellular&Multicellular

UnicellularAnimals

UnicellularAnimals are

made of onlyone cell.

Multicellular

Animals

Multicellular Animalsare made of more than

one cell.


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