By: M.Khalid Samady , Safiullah& Khurshed

BiographyBorn in 5 September 973 in Khorazm

997-1030 Ghazna Iran India

Mahmud of Ghazna Sultan Massod

Died in Ghazni in 1048

Shrine of Al-Biruni in Ghazni

Scholarly Endeavors Chemistry Astrology Mathematics Physics Philosophy of Anthropology Psychology

Comparative

science Law

religion Indology History

Chronology of Ancient Nations A comparative study of

calendars of different cultures and civilizations, interlaced with mathematical, astronomical, and historical information, exploring the customs and religions of different peoples

)Kitb't-Tahkk M li'l-Hind (Indica

Gems

Mathematics and Astronomy Ninety-five of 146 books known to have been written

by Beruni, about 65 percent, were devoted to astronomy, mathematics, and related subjects like mathematical geography

Istb al-wujh al-mumkinah f anat al-asurlb (Exhaustive Book on Astrolabes)

(eclipse)

Ay Tutulmasi

Pharmacy & Botany

Findings

Parts of the body, ages,

diseases and appearance from Al-Biruni's Book

of Instruction in the Elements of the Art of Astrology

Physics Al-Beruni contributed to the

introduction of the experimental scientific method to mechanics, unified statics and dynamics into the science of mechanics, and combined the fields of hydrostatics with dynamics to create hydrodynamics

Geography Beruni also devised his own method of determining

the radius of the earth by means of the observation of the height of a mountain and carried it out at Nandana

He developed a new method using trigonometric

calculations to compute earth's radius and circumference based on the angle between the horizontal line and true horizon from a mountain top with known height. He calculated the height of the mountain by going to two points at sea level with a known distance apart and then measuring the angle between the plain and the top of the mountain for both points. Beruni's estimate of 6,339.9 km for the Earth radius had an error of 0,0026 and was 16.8 km less than the current value of 6,356.7 km. The idea came to him when he was on top of a tall mountain near Nandana in India. He measured the dip angle using an astrolabe and he applied to the law of sines formula. He also made use of algebra in his calculation.

A = Highest point of mountain B = Lowest point of mountain h = Height of the mountain C = Lowest point of true horizon visible from point A O = Centre of Earth = Dip angle r = Earth's Radius Solution: The angle AOC = . AO=(r+h) is the hypothenus in AOC triangle. r=(r+h).cos() Then the right side can be simplified to find r. r=h.cos()/(1-cos())

Philosophy of science Natural philosophy

Evolution Shape or earth Philosophy of Religions Doesnt accepts Aristos view Debates with Ibni Sina (al-As'ila wal-Ajwiba --Questions andAnswers)

Novel & PoemYaqut of Hama Qassim al sorur wayan ul hayat (The red idol and the white idol) Ormasdiyar and Mihyar

References The UNISCO Courier A universal genius Al-Biruni June

1976 Michio Yano, Brn: Ab alRayn Muammad ibn Amad alBrn Springer Prof. Dr. brahim Agah UBUKU Biruni Jess Regnier and Clara Lundgren Abu Arrayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni http://www.renaissanceastrology.com/albiruniplanetsgeneral.ht ml mhtml:file://F:\Beruni presentation\Abu Rayhan Biruni AlBrn Alberonius.mht!http://filozof.net/English/islamicphilosophers/239--abu-rayhan-biruni-al-brn-alberoniusworksphilosopherteologjiastronomygeographymathematic.html

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