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Grammar I

Chapter 11: Hebrew Numbers

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Grammar IHebrew Numbers

Some terminology• Cardinal numbers – Used for counting (e.g., 1, 2, 3)

Section 11.1 – Introduction

• Ordinal numbers – Used for ordering (e.g., 1st, 2nd, 3rd)

Some facts• English numbers may be represented by name (e.g., one hundred and eighty) or by symbol (e.g., 180)• Modern Hebrew numbers may be represented by name

(e.g., ta;Þmw ~ynwmv) or by symbol (e.g.,

pq). Note that the symbols are themselves letters of the alphabet.• Biblical Hebrew numbers are only represented by name.

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Grammar IHebrew Numbers

What you need to know

Section 11.2 – Cardinal Numbers 1-10

• Become familiar with all forms of one and two

• Learn to recite and spell the masculine absolute forms

o Qamets-He added to make feminine absolute

o Often vowel changes to make masculine construct

o Qamets-He to Patach-Tav change for feminine construct

o Qamets-He to Seghol-Tav change for feminine construct

• Note types of changes that occur for others

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Grammar IHebrew NumbersSection 11.2 (continued)

dx'a, = “One”• Normally used like an attributive adjective• When used as a noun, the construct state is used.

• Normally used like a substantival adjective

• Also often in the construct state.

~yIn:v. = “Two”

• Normally used like a substantival adjective

• But! Disagreement in gender and number!

Three Through Nine

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Grammar IHebrew Numbers

What you need to knowSection 11.3 – Cardinal Numbers 11-19

• Regardless whether or not the modified noun is singular or plural, it is translated as a plural.

• The numbers 11-19 are simply combinations of ten with a number one through nine.

%l,m,ä ‘va'Ay-!b, Why"Üc.m;a] yxi’y>w:zx'Þa'Ah)y>-!B, va'îAhy> tAmê yrEäx]a;( hd"êWhy>

`hn")v' hrEÞf.[, vmeîx] lae_r"f.yI %l,m,ä2 Kings 14:1715 years

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Grammar I

What you need to know (20-99)

• To form numbers in this range that are not multiples of ten, combine a multiple of ten with a single digit number using vav (“and”).

• Multiples of ten are formed using the plural form of the corresponding single digit (with plural of ten being twenty)

What you need to know (100+)• Learn 100, 1000, and 10000 as vocabulary

• 200, 2000, and 20000 are formed with the dual of 100, 1000, and 10000

• To form multiples of 100, 1000, or 10000 (other than 200, 2000, and 20000), combine a single digit number with the plural of 100, 1000, 10000 without an intervening vav.

Hebrew NumbersSection 11.4 – Cardinal Numbers 20-99Section 11.5 – Cardinal Numbers 100+

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Grammar I

What you need to know (Ordinal)

• “Second” through “tenth” use the single digit number

ending in [t]y i

• Learn “first” as vocabulary

Hebrew Numbers

• Ordinal numbers are usually used like attributive adjectives

• A separate form for ordinals is only used for “first” through “tenth”. For numbers greater than ten, context is the determinative factor for whether the number is a cardinal one or an ordinal one.

Section 11.6 – Ordinal Numbers

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Grammar IHebrew Numbers

• Be able to identify any cardinal number (see examples below)

Section 11.7 – Summary

• Be able to write out 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 100, 1000, and 10000.

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Grammar I

Reminder

• Vocabulary and Grammar Quiz this week.

• Don’t forget to be doing journal (turn in @ end)

• After chapter 10, you know 63.5% of all OT words• After chapter 11, you will know 65% of all OT words

ExamplesSlide 1 of 10

~h,_ydEqup.li rvEßa'-ynEB. txoïP.v.mi

hL,ae²

These are the families of the sons of Asher of those numbered

`tAa)me [B;îr>a;w> @l,a,Þ ~yVi²mix]w: hv'ól{v.

3and 501000and 4100

3 and 50-thousand and 4-100 = 53,400 (Num 26:47)

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Grammar I

ExamplesSlide 2 of 10

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Grammar I

laeêr"f.yI ynEåB. ‘ydEWqP. hL,aeªThese are those numbered of the sons of Israel (Israelites!)

`~yvi(l{v.W tAaßme [b;îv. @l,a'_w" @l,a,Þ tAaïme-

vve6 1000and 100010030

6-100-1000 and 1000 | 7-100 and 30 =

1007

600,000 + 1,000 + 700 + 30 = 601,730 (Num 26:51)

ExamplesSlide 3 of 10

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Grammar I

hmo+l{v. ydEäb.[; ynEßb.W

~ynIëytiN>h;-lK'’

All the Nethinim and the sons of the servants of Solomon

`~yIn")v.W ~y[iîv.Ti tAaßme vl{ïv.

310090and 2

3-100-90 and 2 = 392 (Ezra 2:58)

ExamplesSlide 4 of 10

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Grammar I

[:yGI+y:w> hK,Þx;m.h;( yrEîv.a;Blessed is the one who waits and reaches

`hV'(mix]w: ~yviîl{v. tAaßme vl{ïv. @l,a,§ ~ymi§y"l.

days10003 100 30

1000-3-100-30 and 5 days = 1,335 days (Dan 12:12)

and 5

ExamplesSlide 5 of 10

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Grammar I

hmoªl{v.li yhiäy>w:And there was to Solomon (= And Solomon had)

Ab+K'r>m,l. ~ysiÞWs twOðr>au @l,a,² ~y[iîB'r>a;

40 1000stalls of horses for his chariots

= 40,000 stalls (1 Kings 5:6a)

ExamplesSlide 6 of 10

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Grammar I

~AYëh; ykiänOa' hNEåhi ‘hT'[;w>And now, behold! I am, today,

`hn")v' ~ynIßAmv.W vmeîx'-!B,

son of 5and 80 year

85 years old (Joshua 14:10)

ExamplesSlide 7 of 10

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Grammar I

~f'ªx.y:t.hiw>And their enrollment (Hithpael IC from fxy, 3mpx with vav)

`h['(B'r>a;w> ~yviÞl{v.W @l,a,ê ‘~yIn:’v.W ~yrIÜf.[,

20and 2 1000and 30

20 and 2-1000 and 30 and 4 = 22,034 (1 Chr 7:7)

and 4

ExamplesSlide 8 of 10

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Grammar I

lv'_m' ~ypiÞl'a] tv,l{ïv. rBe§d:y>w:And he spoke 3,000 proverbs

`@l,a'(w" hV'îmix] Arßyvi yhiîy>w:And his songs were 1,005

(1 Kings 5:12)

ExamplesSlide 9 of 10

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Grammar I

~yIr"+c.miB. Wbßv.y" rv<ïa] laeêr"f.yI ynEåB.

‘bv;AmWAnd the dwelling of the sons of Israel which they dwelt in Egypt

`hn")v' tAaßme [B;îr>a;w> hn"ëv' ~yviäl{v.

30yearsand 4 100years

was 430 years (Ex 12:40)

ExamplesSlide 10 of 10

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Grammar I

`~yIt")am'W ~y[iÞb.viw> hv'îl{v. @l,a,ê ‘~yrIf.[,w> ~yIn:Üv.

2and 20 1000 3and 70

2 and 20 1000 | 3 and 70 and 200

and 200

22 1000 | 3 + 70 + 200

22,273 (Num 3:43)