benthic communities living along the bottom of the ocean
Post on 21-Dec-2015
223 views
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Benthic Communities living along the bottom of the ocean](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d615503460f94a431fc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Benthic Communities
living along the
bottom of the ocean
![Page 2: Benthic Communities living along the bottom of the ocean](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d615503460f94a431fc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Benthic Communities
living along the
bottom of the ocean
![Page 3: Benthic Communities living along the bottom of the ocean](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d615503460f94a431fc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Benthic Communities
• Rocky Intertidal Zones
• Coral Reefs
![Page 4: Benthic Communities living along the bottom of the ocean](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d615503460f94a431fc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Rocky Intertidal Zones
![Page 5: Benthic Communities living along the bottom of the ocean](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d615503460f94a431fc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Rocky Intertidal ZonesHard places to live
• Drying out during low tide– Close shells, move to moist areas
• Wave Shock– Have holdfasts, cement, tube feet
• Lack of space to hold on– competition
• Rapid changes in temperature & salinity– Close shells or be able to withstand it
![Page 6: Benthic Communities living along the bottom of the ocean](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d615503460f94a431fc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Table 15.1
![Page 7: Benthic Communities living along the bottom of the ocean](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d615503460f94a431fc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Coral Reefs
• Corals– Are animals (Cnidarians)– Small (ant-sized) polyps live in large colonies– Hermatypic corals secret a calcium carbonate
skeleton…the reef
![Page 8: Benthic Communities living along the bottom of the ocean](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d615503460f94a431fc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Benthic Communities living along the bottom of the ocean](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d615503460f94a431fc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Coral Reefs
• Zooxanthellae– Dinoflagellate that lives within the coral polyp– A mutualism– Algae provide food, speeds up calcium
carbonate deposition & get nutrients in return
![Page 10: Benthic Communities living along the bottom of the ocean](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d615503460f94a431fc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Coral Reefs
• Hermatypic Coral’s ideal habitat is 5-10 m (16-33 ft) depth & temperatures warmer than 18-21oC (64-70oF)
![Page 11: Benthic Communities living along the bottom of the ocean](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d615503460f94a431fc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Fig. 14-12, p. 294
![Page 12: Benthic Communities living along the bottom of the ocean](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d615503460f94a431fc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Coral Reefs
• Reefs support a large diversity of other organisms– Home to 25% of the world’s marine species
![Page 13: Benthic Communities living along the bottom of the ocean](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d615503460f94a431fc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Symbiosis
• the co-occurrence of two species in which the life of one is closely tied with the life of another
![Page 14: Benthic Communities living along the bottom of the ocean](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d615503460f94a431fc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Symbiosis
• Three types– mutualism (++)
• Anemone fish, cleaner shrimp or wrasse, zooxanthellae
– commensalism (+0)• pea crabs, remoras & shark, whale barnacles
– parasitism (+-)• isopods, roundworms, etc.
![Page 15: Benthic Communities living along the bottom of the ocean](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d615503460f94a431fc/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Figure 14.15b
![Page 16: Benthic Communities living along the bottom of the ocean](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d615503460f94a431fc/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Figure 10 p.221
![Page 17: Benthic Communities living along the bottom of the ocean](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d615503460f94a431fc/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Figure 14.15a
![Page 18: Benthic Communities living along the bottom of the ocean](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d615503460f94a431fc/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Benthic Communities living along the bottom of the ocean](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d615503460f94a431fc/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Figure 14.15c