benin vs.doc

8/14/2019 Benin vs.doc

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Benin vs. TuasonGRN L-26127; June 28,1974

1. LAND REGISTRATION; ORIGINAL REGISTRATION; JUDGMENT AND DECREEOF REGISTRATION; REOPENING OF PROCEEDINGS; ISSUANCE OF CERTIFICATE

OF TITLE; TITLE ISSUED PURSUANT TO T14E DECREE IS VALID ANDINCONTROVERTIBLE IN INSTANT CASE.-The concl!"on! o# $he $%"&l co%$ &%eno$ !''o%$e( )* $he e+"(ence &n( &''l"c&)le (ec"!"on! o# $he S'%e,eCo%$. The loe% co%$ e%%e( "n (ecl&%"n OCT No. /0 +o"( &n( o# no e##ec$.O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /0 &! "!!e( &! & %e!l$ o# $he %e"!$%&$"on'%ocee("n! "n LRC No. /231 h"ch &! %el&% &n( $h&$ !&"( ce%$"#"c&$e o#$"$le "! +&l"( &n( e##ec$"+e. The '%ocee("n! "n LRC /231 )e"n "n %e, $he(ec%ee o# %e"!$%&$"on "!!e( '%!&n$ $o $he (ec"!"on %en(e%e( "n !&"(%e"!$%&$"on c&!e )on( $he l&n(! co+e%e( )* $he (ec%ee &n( "e$e( $"$le$he%e$o5 &n( "! concl!"+e 'on &n( &&"n!$ &ll 'e%!on!5 "ncl("n $heo+e%n,en$ &n( &ll $he )%&nche! $he%eo#5 he$he% ,en$"one( )* n&,e "n $he

&''l"c&$"on5 no$"ce o% c"$&$"on5 o% "ncl(e( "n $he ene%&l "n!c%"'$"on 6To ho,"$ ,&* conce%n5&n( !ch (ec%ee "ll no$ )e o'ene( )* %e&!on o# $he &)!ence5"n#&nc*5 o% o$he% ("!&)"l"$* o# &n* 'e%!on #ec$e( $he%e)*5 no% )* &n*.'%ocee("n! "n &n* co%$ #o% %e+e%!"n 7(,en$ o% (ec%ee. Sch (ec%ee ,&*onl* )e %eo'ene( "# &n* 'e%!on (e'%"+e( o# l&n( o% o# &n* e!$&$e o% "n$e%e!$$he%e"n )* (ec%ee o# %e"!$%&$"on o)$&"ne( )* #%&( ol( #"le "n $heco,'e$en$ co%$ o# #"%!$ "n!$&nce & 'e$"$"on #o% %e+"e "$h"n one *e&% $e%en$%* o# $he (ec%ee5 '%o+"(e( no "nnocen$ '%ch&!e% #o% +&le h&( &c"%e(&n "n$e%e!$ on $he l&n(5 &n( 'on $he e8'"%&$"on o# !&"( 'e%"o( o# one *e&%5$he (ec%ee5 o% $he ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le "!!e( '%!&n$ $o $he (ec%ee5 "!"ncon$%o+e%$")le 9Sec. :35 Ac$ 42


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'%'o!e o# $he ne ')l"c&$"on "! $o "+e no$"ce $o &ll 'e%!on! conce%ne(%e&%("n $he &,en(e( &''l"c&$"on. ="$ho$ & ne ')l"c&$"on $he%e"!$%&$"on co%$ c&n no$ &c"%e 7%"!("c$"on o+e% $he &%e& o% '&%cel o# l&n($h&$ "! &((e( $o $he &%e& co+e%e( )* $he o%""n&l &''l"c&$"on5 &n( "$! (ec"!"onol( )e & nll"$* "n!o#&% &! $he (ec"!"on conce%n! $he nel* "ncl(e( l&n(.

The %e&!on "! )ec&!e "$ho$ & ne ')l"c&$"on5 $he l& "! "n#%"ne( "$h%e!'ec$ $o $he ')l"c"$* $h&$ "! %e"%e( "n %e"!$%&$"on '%ocee("n!5 &n( $h"%('&%$"e! ho h&+e no$ h&( $he o''o%$n"$* $o '%e!en$ $he"% cl&", ,"h$ )e'%e7("ce( "n $he"% %"h$! )ec&!e o# #&"l%e o# no$"ce. B$ "# $he &,en(,en$con!"!$! "n $he e8cl!"on5 o# & 'o%$"on o# $he &%e& co+e%e( )* $he o%""n&l&''l"c&$"on &n( $he o%""n&l 'l&n &! '%e+"o!l* ')l"!he(5 & ne ')l"c&$"on "!no$ nece!!&%*. In $he l&$$e% c&!e5 $he 7%"!("c$"on o# $he co%$ o+e% $he%e,&"n"n &%e& "! no$ #ec$e( )* $he #&"l%e o# & ne ')l"c&$"on S"nce $he&,en(e( 'l&n "n LRC No. /231 ("( no$ co+e% '&%cel!5 o% &%e&!5 $h&$ e%e no$'%e+"o!l* "ncl(e( "n $he o%""n&l 'l&n h"ch &cco,'&n"e( $he &''l"c&$"on$h&$ h&( )een ')l"!he( "n $he o##"c"&l G&@e$$e5 $he%e &!5 $he%e#o%e5 no

nece!!"$* #o% & ne ')l"c&$"on o# $he &,en(e( 'l&n "n o%(e% $o +e!$ $heCo%$ o# L&n( Re"!$%&$"on "$h 7%"!("c$"on $o he&% &n( (ec"(e $he &''l"c&$"on#o% %e"!$%&$"on "n LRC No. /231 &n( $o o%(e% $he "!!&nce o# Dec%ee o#Re"!$%&$"on No. 1/401 'on h"ch O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No /0 &!)&!e(.

0. ID.; ID.; ID.; ID.; NE= PUBLICATION OF AMENDED PLAN IS NECESSAR TOVEST JURISDICTION TO COURT OF LAND REGISTRATION- I$ "! $he !e$$le( %le"n $h"! 7%"!("c$"on $h&$ onl* "n c&!e! he%e $he o%""n&l !%+e* 'l&n "!&,en(e( (%"n $he %e"!$%&$"on '%ocee("n! )* $he &(("$"on o# l&n(! no$'%e+"o!l* "ncl(e( "n $he o%""n&l 'l&n !hol( ')l"c&$"on )e ,&(e "n o%(e%

$o con#e% 7%"!("c$"on on $he co%$ $o o%(e% $he %e"!$%&$"on o# $he &%e& $h&$&! &((e( $e% $he ')l"c&$"on o# $he o%""n&l 'l&n. The !e$$le( %le5 #%$he%5"! $h&$ once $he %e"!$%&$"on co%$ h&( &c"%e( 7%"!("c$"on o+e% & ce%$&"n'&%cel5 o% '&%cel!5 o# l&n( "n $he %e"!$%&$"on '%ocee("n! "n +"%$e o# $he')l"c&$"on o# $he &''l"c&$"on5 $h&$ 7%"!("c$"on &$$&che! $o $he l&n( o% l&n(!,en$"one( &n( (e!c%")e( "n $he &''l"c&$"on. I# "$ "! l&$e% !hon $h&$ $he(ec%ee o# %e"!$%&$"on h&( "ncl(e( l&n( o% l&n(! no$ "ncl(e( "n $he o%""n&l&''l"c&$"on &! ')l"!he(5 $hen $he %e"!$%&$"on '%ocee("n! &n( $he (ec%ee o#%e"!$%&$"on ,!$ )e (ecl&%e( nll &n( +o"( "n!o#&% - )$ onl* "n!o#&% - &! $hel&n( no$ "ncl(e( "n $he ')l"c&$"on "! conce%ne(. Th"! "! !o5 )ec&!e $heco%$ ("( no$ &c"%e 7%"!("c$"on O+e% $he l&n( no$ "ncl(e( "n $he

')l"c&$"on - $he ')l"c&$"on )e"n $he )&!"! o# $he 7%"!("c$"on o# $he co%$.B$ $he '%ocee("n! &n( $he (ec%ee o# %e"!$%&$"on5 %el&$"n $o $he l&n(! $h&$e%e "ncl(e( "n $he ')l"c&$"on5 &%e +&l"(. I# "$ "! !hon $h&$ & ce%$"#"c&$e o#$"$le h&( )een "!!e( co+e%"n l&n(! he%e $he %e"!$%&$"on co%$ h&( no7%"!("c$"on5 $he !&,e "! nll &n( +o"( "n!o#&% &! "$ conce%n! $he l&n( o% l&n(!o+e% h"ch $he %e"!$%&$"on co%$ h&( no$ &c"%e( 7%"!("c$"on. The loe%co%$ &l!o co,,"$$e( &n e%%o% "n ,&?"n "$! %l"n $h&$ Dec%ee o# Re"!$%&$"onNo. 1/401 "! nll &n( +o"( )ec&!e $he (e!c%"'$"on o# P&%cel L"n $he (ec%ee "!


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("##e%en$ #%o, $he (e!c%"'$"on o# $he !&,e '&%cel "n $he no$"ce o# he&%"n o#$he o%""n&l &''l"c&$"on #o% %e"!$%&$"on &! ')l"!he( "n $he O##"c"&l G&@e$$e.The ("##e%en$ (e!c%"'$"on $h&$ &''e&%! "n $he (ec%ee o# %e"!$%&$"on5 &cco%("n$o $he loe% co%$5 "! &n &,en(,en$ $o $he o%""n&l !%+e* 'l&n $h&$&cco,'&n"e( $he &''l"c&$"on &n( $he &,en(e( !%+e* 'l&n !hol( h&+e

)een %e')l"!he(; &n( )ec&!e $he%e &! no %e')l"c&$"on $he %e"!$%&$"onco%$ &! "$ho$ 7%"!("c$"on $o "!!e $he (ec%ee The loe% co%$ "nco%%ec$l*l&"( !$%e!! on ("##e%ence! "n $he n&,e! o# $he one%!5 &n( on ("##e%ence! "n$he (e!"n&$"on!5 o# $he l&n(! $h&$ &(7o"n P&%cel I &lon "$! !o$he!$e%n)on(&%*. The%e &!5 $he%e#o%e5 no nece!!"$* o# %e')l"c&$"on !"nce no ne'&%cel! e%e "ncl(e( "n $he &,en(e( 'l&n &n( $h&$ $he &%e&! !oh$ $o )e%e"!$e%e( &! %e(ce(.

4. ID.; ID.; DECREE OF REGISTRATION; TRANSCRIPTION IN T>E REGISTRBOO; DEFECT IN MANNER OF TRANSCRIPTION CONSIDERED AS FORMALAND NOT SUBSTANTIAL DEFECT.- Sec$"on : o# Ac$ 42 '%o+"(e! $h&$ &! !oon

&! $he (ec%ee o# $"$le h&! )een %e"!$e%e( "n $he O##"ce o# $he Re"!$e% o#Dee(!5 &! '%o+"(e( "n Sec$"on 415 $he '%o'e%$* "ncl(e( "n !&"( (ec%ee !h&ll)eco,e %e"!$e%e( l&n( n(e% $he Ac$5 Sec$"on 4: o# $he !&,e Ac$ '%o+"(e!$h&$ $he ce%$"#"c&$e !h&ll $&?e e##ec$ 'on $he (&$e o# $he $%&n!c%"'$"on o# $he(ec%ee. The S'%e,e Co%$ h&! hel( $h&$ &! (e#"ne( "n Sec$"on 41 o# Ac$ 425$he ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le "! $he $%&n!c%"'$ o# $he (ec%ee o# %e"!$%&$"on ,&(e )*$he %e"!$e% o# (ee(! "n $he %e"!$%*. The%e "! no !ho"n $h&$ $he ,&nne% o#$%&n!c%")"n $he (ec%ee &! (one #o% & #%&(len$ '%'o!e o% &! (one "no%(e% $o ,"!le&(. Con!"(e%"n $h&$ $he (ec%ee o# %e"!$%&$"on "! #ll*$%&n!c%")e( "n $he Re"!$%&$"on Boo?5 &n( &l!o &! co'"e( "n O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$eo# T"$le No. /05 $he c"%c,!$&nce $h&$ $he )e"nn"n o# $he $echn"c&l

(e!c%"'$"on! "! no$ #on( on $he #&ce5 o% on $he #"%!$ '&e5 o# O%""n&lCe%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /05 "! no$ & %on( $o nll"#* $he !&"( ce%$"#"c&$e o#$"$le. The #&c$ $h&$ $h"! &! no$ !o (one "n $he c&!e o# OCT No. /0 !hol( no$)e $&?en &! & #&c$o% "n (e$e%,"n"n "$! +&l"("$*. Th"! (e#ec$ "n $he ,&nne% o#$%&n!c%")"n $he $echn"c&l (e!c%"'$"on! !hol( )e con!"(e%e( &! & #o%,&l5 &n(no$ & !)!$&n$"&l (e#ec$. =h&$ ,&$$e%! "! $h&$ $he %e"%e( (&$& '%o+"(e( #o%"n Sec$"on 4 o# Ac$ 42 &%e !$&$e( "n $he o%""n&l ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le. Theloe% co%$ ,&(e & l"$e%&l con!$%c$"on o# $he '%o+"!"on! o# Sec$"on 41 &n(!$%"c$l* &''l"e( "$! con!$%c$"on "n $he (e$e%,"n&$"on o# $he +&l"("$* o# O%""n&lCe%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /0. The '%o+"!"on! o# Sec$"on 41 !hol( )e"n$e%'%e$e( l")e%&ll*5 "n ?ee'"n "$h Sec$"on 1:0 h"ch '%o+"(e! $h&$ 6Th"!

Ac$ !h&ll )e con!$%e( l")e%&ll* !o #&% &! ,&* )e nece!!&%* #o% $he '%'o!e o#e##ec$"n "$! ene%&l "n$en$. I# & l"$e%&l con!$%c$"on o# Sec$"on 41 "! &(o'$e(5&! &! (one )* $he loe% co%$5 !ch $h&$ $he (e#ec$ "n $he ,&nne% o% #o%,o# $%&n!c%")"n $he (ec%ee "n $he %e"!$%&$"on )oo? ol( %en(e% nll &n( +o"($he o%""n&l ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le5 $hen "$ c&n h&''en $h&$ $he +&l"("$* o% $he"n+&l"("$* o# & ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le ol( (e'en( on $he %e"!$e% o# (ee(!5 o% on$he 'e%!onnel "n $he o##"ce o# $he %e"!$e% o# (ee(! The %e"!$e% o# (ee(!5 o%&n e,'lo*ee "n h"! o##"ce5 c&n "$$"nl* o% n"$$"nl* %en(e% !ele!! &


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(ec%ee o# %e"!$%&$"on co%$ &n( $h! nll"#* )* $he e%%o% $h&$ he co,,"$! "n$he $%&n!c%"'$"on o# $he (ec%ee "n $he Re"!$%&$"on Boo? &n o%""n&l ce%$"#"c&$eo# $"$le $h&$ h&! )een e8"!$"n #o% *e&%!. Th"! !$%"c$ "n$e%'%e$&$"on o%con!$%c$"on o# Sec$"on 41 ol( ce%$&"nl* no$ '%o,o$e $he '%'o!e o# $heL&n( Re"!$%&$"on L& 9Ac$ 42ASER FOR VALUE AND IN GOOD FAITIL.-The $%"&lco%$ co,,"$$e( & %&+e e%%o% hen "$ (ecl&%e( nll &n( +o"( &ll $%&n!#e%ce%$"#"c&$e! o# $"$le $h&$ e,&n&$e5 o% $h&$ e%e (e%"+e( #%o, OCT No. /0. The

e%%o% "! co,'on(e( hen "$ o%(e%e( &''ell&n$ J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc. &n( &ll$ho!e cl&","n n(e% !&"( &''ell&n$5 $o +&c&$e &n( %e!$o%e $o $he &''ellee!$he 'o!!e!!"on o# $he '&%cel! o# l&n(! $h&$ &%e cl&",e( )* $he,. The'o!!e!!o%! o# $he lo$! co,'%"!e( "$h"n $he !"8 '&%cel! o# l&n( "n e!$"on5&n( ho hol( ce%$"#"c&$e! o# $"$le co+e%"n $he lo$! $h&$ $he* )oh$5 &%e no$'&%$"e! "n $he '%e!en$ c&!e!5 &n( *e$ $he (ec"!"on o# $he loe% co%$ ol(&nnl $he"% $"$le! &n( co,'el $he, $o "+e ' $he 'o!!e!!"on o# $he"%'%o'e%$"e!. To "+e e##ec$ $o $he (ec"!"on o# $he $%"&l co%$ "! $o (e'%"+e


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'e%!on! o# $he"% '%o'e%$* "$ho$ (e '%oce!! o# l&. The (ec"!"on o# $heloe% co%$ ol( !e$ &$ n&h$ $he !e$$le( (oc$%"ne $h&$ $he hol(e% o# &ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le ho &c"%e( $he '%o'e%$* "n oo( #&"$h &n( #o% +&le c&n%e!$ &!!%e( $h&$ h"! $"$le "! 'e%#ec$ &n( "ncon$%o+e%$")le.

/. ID.; ID.; ID.5 DEFENDANTS ARE PURC>ASER IN GOOD FAIT> IN INSTANTCASE.- The c"%c,!$&nce! &$$en("n $he &c"!"$"on )* $he he"%! o# D. T&!onInc. o# $he l&n( co+e%e( )* TCT No. 01/ -h"ch &! #o%,e%l* '&%cel Ico+e%e()* OCT No. /0-cle&%l* "n("c&$e $h&$ !&"( co%'o%&$"on &c"%e( "$!$"$le "n & %el&% $%&n!&c$"on &! '%ch&!e% "n oo( #&"$h &n( #o% +&le. On Jne15 1035 $he >e"%! o# D. T&!on5 lnc. "n $%n !ol( $he !&,e '%o'e%$* $o J. M.T&!on Co.5 Inc. &n( TCT No 0SO/0 &! "!!e( "n $he n&,e o# $he l&$$e%.The%e "! no e+"(ence "n $he %eco%( $h&$ !!$&"n $he #"n("n! o# $he loe% co%$$h&$ &''ell&n$ &! & '%ch&!e% "n )&( #&"$h. The %eco%(! o# $he!e c&!e! &%e)e%e#$ o# &n* e+"(ence h"ch ol( "n("c&$e $h&$ $he !&le o# P&%cel I "ne!$"on )* $he >e"%! o# D. T&!on5 Inc. $o J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc. &!

#%&(len$. J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc h&( %el"e( on $he $"$le o# $he >e"%! o# D.T&!on5 Inc. hen "$ )oh$ $he l&n( co+e%e( )* TCT No. 0405 &n( $he>e"%! o# D. T&!on5 Inc. l"?e"!e h&( %el"e( on $he $"$le o# $he M&*o%&!oT&!on 9$he (e#en(&n$! "n $he!e c&!e!< hen "$ )oh$ $he l&n( co+e%e( )*TCT No. 0 1/ #%o, $he 7("c"&l %ece"+e%5 (l* &$ho%"@e( &n( &''%o+e( )*$he co%$. A''ell&n$ J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc5 )ec&,e $he %e"!$e%e( one% o#P&%cel 1. h"ch &! o%""n&ll* co+e%e( )* O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /05onl* on Jne 15 105 o% &l,o!$ :4 *e&%! $e% !&"( OCT No. /0S &! "!!e(.The Co%$ $he%e#o%e5 c&n no$ &%ee "$h $he loe% co%$ hen "$ (ecl&%e(&''ell&n$ J M. T&!on Co.5 Inc. & '%ch&!e% "n )&( #&"$h.

3. ID.; ID.; DECREE OF REGISTRATION; PETITION FOR REVIE= AND ACTIONFOR RECONVEANCE PRESCRIBED AND BARRED B LAC>ES IN CASE AT BAR.-I he #&c$ $h&$ $he '%e(ece!!o%! "n "n$e%e!$ o# $he &''ellee! o% &n* 'e%!on5 h&(no$ #"le( & 'e$"$"on #o% $he %e+"e o# $he (ec%ee o# %e"!$%&$"on "n LRC No./231 "$h"n & 'e%"o( o# one *e&% #%o, Jl* 35 114 hen !&"( (ec%ee &!"!!e(5 "! & c"%c,!$&nce $h&$ h&( #o%e+e% #o%eclo!e( &n* '%ocee("n #o% $he%e+"e o# !&"( (ec%ee5 "$ h&( )eco,e "ncon$%o+e%$")le. An &c$"on !","l&% $oone )%oh$ )* $he &''ellee! "n e&ch o# $he '%e!en$ c&!e!5 h"ch &$$&c?!coll&$e%&ll* $he !&"( (ec%ee c&nno$ )e en$e%$&"ne(. Ne"$he% ,&* $he &c$"on #o%%econ+e*&nce o# $he l&n(! "n e!$"on )e en$e%$&"ne( )ec&!e !ch &c$"onh&( &l%e&(* '%e!c%")e(5 &n( )&%%e( )* l&che!5 con!"(e%"n $h&$ OCT No. /0

h&( )een "!!e( &* )&c? "n 114 &n( $he co,'l&"n$ "n $he '%e!en$ c&!e!e%e #"le( onl* on M&* 15 15 o% $e% & l&'!e o# !o,e 41 *e&%!. Mo%eo+e%5&! o# $he $",e hen $he!e co,'l&"n$! e%e #"le( $he !"8 '&%cel! o# l&n( &%e nolone% co+e%e( )* $he ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le "n $he n&,e! o# $he 'e%!on! ho'%oc%e( $he o%""n&l %e"!$%&$"on o# $ho!e l&n(!. The* h&( '&!!e( $o $heh&n(! o# '&%$"e! ho e%e "nnocen$ '%ch&!e%! #o% +&le ho e%e "!!e($%&n!#e% ce%$"#"c&$e! o# $"$le co+e%"n $he lo$! $h&$ $he* &c"%e(. I$ "! cle&%$h&$ &n &c$"on #o% %econ+e*&nce c&nno$ '%o!'e% &&"n!$ &''ell&n$ J. M.


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T&!on Co. ,ch le!! &&"n!$ $he %e"!$e%e( one%! o# $he lo$! $h&$ #o%,'&%$! o# $he l&n(! cl&",e( )* $he &''ellee!.

. ID.;.ID.; ACTION FOR DAMAGES NOT PROSPER IN INSTANT CASE.- Ne"$he%,&* $he &''ellee! h&+e & c&!e o# &c$"on #o% (&,&e! &&"n!$ &''ell&n$ J. M.

T&!on Co.5 Inc.5 con!"(e%"n $h&$ !&"( &''ell&n$ "! no$ one o# $he o%""n&l%e"!$e%e( one%! $h&$ '%oc%e( $he %e"!$%&$"on o# $he l&n(! "n e!$"on.-The%e "! no e+"(ence $h&$ &''ell&n$ h&( &n*$h"n $o (o "$h $he %e"!$%&$"on'%ocee("n! h"ch )%oh$ &)o$ $he "!!&nce o# O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$leNo. /0 - e+en !''o!"n $h&$ $he %e"!$%&$"on &! '%oc%e( #%&(len$l*. Theloe% co%$ e%%e( hen "$ (ecl&%e( &''ellee! $he one%! o# $he l&n(! cl&",e()* $he, &n( "n &&%("n (&,&e! $o $he,5 "n $he!e $h%ee c&!e!.

1. ID.; ID.; JUDGMENT; RES JUDICATA; RULING IN T>E CASES OF ALCANTARAAND ALBINA SANTIAGO OPERATES AS A BAR TO T>E CASES AT BAR.- In o%(e%$h&$ $he %le o# %e! 7("c&$& ,&* &''l*5 $he #ollo"n %e"!"$e! ,!$ )e

'%e!en$ 9&< $he #o%,e% 7(,en$ ,!$ )e #"n&l; 9)< "$ ,!$ h&+e )een%en(e%e( )* & co%$ h&+"n 7%"!("c$"on o# $he !)7ec$-,&$$e% &n( o# $he'&%$"e!; 9c< "$ ,!$ )e & 7(,en$ on $he ,e%"$!; &n( 9(< $he%e ,!$ )e5)e$een $he #"%!$ &n( $he !econ( &c$"on!5 "(en$"$* o# '&%$"e!5 o# !)7ec$-,&$$e%5 &n( o# c&!e o# &c$"on. The 7(,en$ "n C"+"l C&!e No. -12 9G.R.No. L-43< "! & #"n&l 7(,en$ on $he ,e%"$! $h&$ &! %en(e%e( )* & co%$h&+"n 7%"!("c$"on o+e% $he !)7ec$ ,&$$e% &n( o+e% $he '&%$"e!. The onl*%e"!"$e #o% %e! 7("c&$& h"ch "! $o )e (e$e%,"ne( "! he$he% )e$een C"+"lC&!e -1 2 9G.R. No. L-43


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7(,en$ o% %e! &(7("c&$& !&%el* &''l"e! $o El"&! Ben"n5 o% $o h"! he"%! &n(!cce!!o%!-"n-"n$e%e!$ "n C"+"l C&!e No. 02:1 1 $o Jo!e Alc&n$&%& &n( h"! he"%!o% !cce!!o%!-"n-"n$e%e!$ "n C"+"l C&!e No. 02::; &n( $o P&!c&l P"l" &n( h"!he"%! o% !cce!!o%!-"n-"n$e%e!$ "n C"+"l C&!e No- 02:05 A! $o o$he% 'l&"n$"##! "n$he "n!$&n$ c&!e!5 $he %l"n o# $h"! Co%$ "n G.R. No. 1.43 9Alc&n$&%& c&!eon. J(e Elo"o Menc"&!5 '%e!"("n5 "n C"+"l C&!e!No!. 02:15 02::5 &n( 02:0.1

On M&* 15 1 $h%ee !e$! o# 'l&"n$"##! #"le( $h%ee !e'&%&$e co,'l&"n$!con$&"n"n !)!$&n$"&ll* $he !&,e &lle&$"on!.:

The S'%e,e Co%$ )ec&!e o# $he +&le o# $he '%o'e%$* "n+ol+e( "n e&chc&!e; &n( &%e no (ec"(e( 7o"n$l* )* $he S'%e,e Co%$.

In C"+"l C&!e No. 02:15 $he 'l&"n$"##! &llee( $h&$ $he* e%e $he one%! &n(

'o!!e!!o%! o# $h%ee '&%cel! o# &%"cl$%&l l&n(!5 (e!c%")e( "n '&%&%&'h V o#$he co,'l&"n$5 loc&$e( "n $he )&%%"o o# L& Lo,& 9no )&%%"o o# S&n Jo!e< "n $he,n"c"'&l"$* 9no c"$*< o# C&looc&n5 '%o+"nce o# R"@&l5 h&+"n &n &%e&$e&%e& o# &''%o8",&$el* :/35:3 !&%e ,e$e%!; $h&$ $he* "nhe%"$e( !&"('&%cel! o# l&n( #%o, $he"% &nce!$o% S"8$o Ben"n. =ho "n $%n "nhe%"$e( $he!&,e #%o, h"! #&$he%5 Een"o Ben"n; $h&$ $he* &n( $he"% '%e(ece!!o%!-"n-"n$e%e!$ h&( 'o!!e!!e( $he!e $h%ee '&%cel! o# l&n( o'enl*5 &(+e%!el*5 &n('e&ce#ll*5 cl$"+&$e( $he !&,e &n( e8cl!"+el* en7o*e( $he #%"$! h&%+e!$e($he%e#%o, $h&$ Een"o Ben"n5 'l&"n$"##! %&n(#&$he%5 h&( !&"( '&%cel! o#l&n( !%+e*e( on M&%ch 4 &n( 25 1345 $h&$ (%"n $he c&(&!$%&l !%+e* )*$he B%e& o# L&n(! o# $he l&n(! "n )&%%"o S&n Jo!e "n 100 S"8$o Ben"n &n(

he%e"n 'l&"n$"##! %e"!$e%e( $he"% cl&",! o# one%!h"' o+e% !&"( '&%cel! o#l&n(5 $h&$ $he* (ecl&%e( !&"( l&n(! #o% $&8&$"on '%'o!e! "n 14 n(e% T&8Decl&%&$"on No. :4:; $h&$ $e% $he o$)%e&? o# $he l&!$ =o%l( =&%5 o%!o,e$",e "n 14: &n( !)!een$l* $he%e$e%5 e+&cee! #%o, M&n"l& &n(o$he% 'l&ce!5 $e% h&+"n !ec%e( $he 'e%,"!!"on o# 'l&"n$"##!5 con!$%c$e($he"% ho!e! $he%eon &n( '&"( ,on$hl* %en$&l! $o 'l&"n$"##!.

In C"+"l C&!e No. 02:: $he 'l&"n$"##! &llee( $h&$ $he* e%e $he one%! &n(


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'o!!e!!o%! o# $o '&%cel! o# &%"cl$%&l l&n(5 (e!c%")e( "n '&%&%&'h V o#$he co,'l&"n$5 loc&$e( "n $he B&%%"o o# L& Lo,& 9no B&%%"o S&n Jo!e< "n $he,n"c"'&l"$* o# C&looc&n5 '%o+"nce o# R"@&l5 h&+"n &n &%e&$e &%e& o#&''%o8",&$el* 1435113 !&%e ,e$e%!; $h&$ $he!e '&%cel! o# l&n( e%e"nhe%"$e( )* $he, #%o, $he"% (ece&!e( #&$he% Bono!o Alc&n$&%&5 ho "n $%n

"nhe%"$e( $he !&,e #%o, h"! #&$he%5 J&n Alc&n$&%& $h&$ 'l&"n$"##! J&nAlc&n$&%& &n( Jo!e Alc&n$&%& e%e $he ch"l(%en o# Bono!o Alc&n$&%&; $h&$$he!e $o )%o$he%! "nhe%"$e( $he l&n( #%o, $he"% #&$he%5 &n( $he* &n( $he"%'%e(ece!!o%! "n "n$e%e!$ h&( )een "n o'en5 &(+e%!e &n( con$"no!'o!!e!!"on o# $he !&,e. 'l&n$"n $he%e"n '&l&* &n( o$he% &%"cl$%&l'%o(c$! &n( e8cl!"+el* en7o*"n !&"( '%o(c$!5 $h&$ on M&%ch :35 134'l&"n$"##! %&n(#&$he%5 J&n Alc&n$&%&5 h&( !&"( l&n(! !%+e*e(; $h&$ (%"n$he c&(&!$%&l !%+e* )* $he B%e& o# L&n(! o# $he l&n(! "n B&%%"o S&n Jo!e "n100 Bono!o Alc&n$&%& &n( $he 'l&"n$"##! #"le( &n( %e"!$e%e( $he"% cl&",! o#one%!h"' o+e% !&"( l&n(! $h&$ 'l&"n$"##! h&( !&"( l&n(! (ecl&%e( #o% $&8&$"on'%'o!e! n(e% T&8 Decl&%&$"on No. :05 o# e@on C"$*; $h&$ $e% $he

o$)%e&? o# $he l&!$ =o%l( =&%5 o% !o,e$",e "n 14: &n( !)!een$l*$he%e$e%5 e+&cee! #%o, M&n"l& &n( o$he% 'l&ce!5 $e% h&+"n !ec%e('e%,"!!"on #%o, 'l&"n$"##!5 !e$$le( &n( con!$%c$e( $he"% ho!e! on !&"( l&n(!&n( 'l&"n$"##! collec$e( ,on$hl* %en$&l! #%o, $he,.

In C"+"l C&!e No. 02:05 'l&"n$"##! &llee( $h&$ $he* &%e $he one%! &n('o!!e!!o%! o# & '&%cel o# &%"cl$%&l l&n( loc&$e( "n $he B&%%"o o# L& Lo,&9no S&n Jo!e


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co,'l&"n$5 M&$ !o,e$",e In $he *e&% 11K "n le $he* e%e en7o*"n $he'e&ce#l 'o!!e!!"on o# $he"% l&n(!5 $he (e#en(&n$!5 '&%$"cl&%l* $he (e#en(&n$J. M. T&!on &n( Co. Inc.5 $h%oh $he"% &en$! &n( %e'%e!en$&$"+e!5 "$h $he&"( o# &%,e( ,en5 )* #o%ce &n( "n$","(&$"on5 !"n )ll(o@e%! &n( o$he%(e,ol"!h"n e"',en$5 "lle&ll* en$e%e( &n( !$&%$e( (e#&c"n5 (e,ol"!h"n

&n( (e!$%o*"n $he (ell"n! &n( con!$%c$"on! o# 'l&"n$"##! le!!ee!5 &! ell&! $he ",'%o+e,en$! con!"!$"n o# %"ce '&(("e! 9'"l&'"l!


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&%e&! "n $he &''l"c&$"on #o% %e"!$%&$"on &! ')l"!he( "n $he O##"c"&l G&@e$$e;$h&$ $he &%e& o# P&%cel No. 1 &! ,en$"one( "n Dec%ee No. 1/401 "! )"e%$h&n $he &%e& o# P&%cel No. 1 &''e&%"n "n $he &''l"c&$"on #o% %e"!$%&$"on &!')l"!he( "n $he O##"c"&l G&@e$$e; $h&$ O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /05%e#e%%"n $o '&%cel 1 9S&n$& Me!& E!$&$e


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Onl* (e#en(&n$ J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc. &! &c$&ll* !e%+e( "$h !,,on!.The o$he% (e#en(&n$! e%e o%(e%e( !,,one( )* ')l"c&$"on "n &cco%(&nce"$h Sec$"on! 12 &n( 1/ o# $he Rle! o# Co%$. Onl* (e#en(&n$ J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc. &''e&%e(. The o$he% (e#en(&n$! e%e &ll (ecl&%e( "n (e#&l$.

On Jne :05 1 (e#en(&n$ J. M. T&!on Co.. Inc. #"le( & ,o$"on $o ("!,"!!"n e&ch o# $he $h%ee c&!e!5 Th"! ,o$"on $o ("!,"!! &! (en"e( )* $he $%"&lco%$ on Jl* :5 15

On Jl* 135 1 $he $%"&l co%$ "!!e( &n o%(e% %&n$"n $he %"$ o#'%el","n&%* "n7nc$"on '%&*e( #o% )* $he 'l&"n$"##! "n $he"% co,'l&"n$!. The'%el","n&%* "n7nc$"on5 hoe+e%5 &! l"#$e( )* o%(e% o# $he $%"&l co%$ onOc$o)e% 05 15 'on $he 'o!$"n )* (e#en(&n$ J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc. o#)on(! "n $he $o$&l &,on$ o# P145. '%!&n$ $o $he o%(e% o# $he co%$ o#Se'$e,)e% :251.

On A!$ 115 1 (e#en(&n$ J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc. #"le( "n $he $h%ee c&!e!& ,o$"on #o% %econ!"(e%&$"on o# $he o%(e% o# Jl* :5 1 (en*"n $he ,o$"on$o ("!,"!!. Th"! ,o$"on #o% %econ!"(e%&$"on &! (en"e( )* o%(e% o# $he co%$o# Se'$e,)e% :251.

On No+e,)e% :5 1 (e#en(&n$ J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc. #"le( &n &n!e% "ne&ch o# $he $h%ee c&!e!. In "$! &n!e%5 $h"! (e#en(&n$5 &,on o$he%!5!'ec"#"c&ll* (en"e( 'l&"n$"##! cl&", o# one%!h"' o# $he l&n(! "n+ol+e( "n e&chc&!e. The &n!e% con$&"n! !'ec"&l &n( #"%,&$"+e (e#en!e!5 $o "$ 91< $h&$

$he 'l&"n$"##! c&!e o# &c$"on "! )&%%e( )* '%"o% 7(,en$ &n( %e! 7("c&$o "n+"e o# $he 7(,en$ o# $he Co%$ o# F"%!$ In!$&nce o# R"@&l "n "$! C"+"l C&!eNo. - 12 h"ch &! !)!een$l* ele+&$e( $o $he S'%e,e Co%$ &! G.R.No. L-435 "n h"ch l&$$e% c&!e $he S'%e,e Co%$ #"%,e( "n $o$o $he o%(e%o# $he loe% co%$ ("!,"!!"n $he c&!e5 9:< $h&$ $he co,'l&"n$! #&"le( $o !$&$e#&c$! !##"c"en$ $o con!$"$$e & c&!e o# &c$"on &&"n!$ $he (e#en(&n$!; 90

!%+e* 'l&n "! &,en(e( (%"n $he %e"!$%&$"on '%ocee("n! )* $he &(("$"ono# l&n(! no$ '%e+"o!l* "ncl(e( "n $he o%""n&l 'l&n !hol( ')l"c&$"on )e,&(e "n o%(e% $o con#e% 7%"!("c$"on on $he co%$ $o o%(e% $he %e"!$%&$"on o#$he &%e& $h&$ &! &((e( $e% $he ')l"c&$"on o# $he o%""n&l 'l&n.::

The !e$$le( %"(e5 #%$he%5 "! $h&$ once $he %e"!$%&$"on co%$ h&( &c"%e(7%"!("c$"on o+e% & ce%$&"n '&%cel5 o% '&%cel!5 o# l&n( "n $he %e"!$%&$"on'%ocee("n! "n +"%$e o# $he ')l"c&$"on o# $he &''l"c&$"on5 $h&$ 7%"!("c$"on&$$&che! $o $he l&n( o% l&n(! ,en$"one( &n( (e!c%")e( "n $he &''l"c&$"on. I# "$"! l&$e% !hon $h&$ $he (ec%ee o# %e"!$%&$"on h&( "ncl(e( l&n( o% l&n(! no$"ncl(e( "n $he o%""n&l &''l"c&$"on &! ')l"!he(5 $hen $he %e"!$%&$"on

'%ocee("n! &n( $he (ec%ee o# %e"!$%&$"on ,!$ )e (ecl&%e( nll &n( +o"("n!o#&% - )$ onl* "n!o#&% - &! $he l&n( no$ "ncl(e( "n $he ')l"c&$"on "!conce%ne(. Th"! "! !o5 )ec&!e $he co%$ ("( no$ &c"%e 7%"!("c$"on o+e% $hel&n( no$ "ncl(e( "n $he ')l"c&$"on - $he ')l"c&$"on )e"n $he )&!"! o# $he7%"!("c$"on o# $he co%$. B$ $he '%ocee("n! &n( $he (ec%ee o# %e"!$%&$"on5%el&$"n $o $he l&n(! $h&$ e%e "ncl(e( "n $he ')l"c&$"on5 &%e +&l"(. Th!5 "#"$ "! !hon $h&$ & ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le h&( )een "!!e( co+e%"n l&n(! he%e$he %e"!$%&$"on co%$ h&( no 7%"!("c$"on5 $he ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le "! nll &n(+o"( "n!o#&% &! "$ conce%n! $he l&n( o% l&n(! o+e% h"ch $he %e"!$%&$"on co%$h&( no$ &c"%e( 7%"!("c$"on :0

An( !o "n $he $h%ee c&!e! no )e#o%e $h"! Co%$5 e+en %&n$"n $h&$ $he%e"!$%&$"on co%$ h&( no 7 %"!("c$"on o+e% $he Inc%e&!e( &%e& o# :/. 1!&%e ,e$e%! 9&! &llee( )* &''ellee!


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o# $"$le &%e $he %e!l$! o# $%&n!&c$"on! (one "n oo( #&"$h &n( #o% +&le )* $hehol(e% o# $ho!e $%&n!#e% ce%$"#"c&$e! o# $"$le.

I$ ,!$ )e no$e( $h&$ $he &''ellee! "n $he '%e!en$ c&!e! cl&", !"8 '&%cel!$h&$ h&+e &n &%e& o# !o,e 4540./ !&%e ,e$e%! 9&)o$ 4. hec$&%e!o!'"$&l (e S&n J&n (e D"o!5 )* P&%cel :5 S&n$& Cl&%& Mon&!$e%*5)* P&%cel 1; &n( =. )* & %o&(5 Ce,en$e%"o (el No%$e &n( $he Ro,&n C&$hol"cCh%ch6


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A! (e!c%")e( "n Dec%ee o# Re"!$%&$"on No. 1/401 9E8h. :


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%e,e,)e%e( $h&$ (%"n $he %e"!$%&$"on '%ocee("n! $he 'l&n o# P&%cel 1&! o%(e%e( &,en(e(5 &n( $he !%+e*o% ho '%e'&%e( $he &,en(e( 'l&n,!$ h&+e #on( $h&$ h&$ !e( $o )e $he '%o'e%$* o# $he S&n$& Cl&%&Mon&!$e%* &$ $he $",e o# $he o%""n&l !%+e* &! &l%e&(* $he '%o'e%$* o# C.=. Ro!en!$oc? Co. hen $he &,en(e( 'l&n &! '%e'&%e(5 Th"! c&n !",'l*

,e&n $h&$ $he%e &! & ch&ne o# one%!h"' #%o, S&n$& Cl&%& Mon&!$e%* $oC. =. Ro!en!$oc? Co. I$ ,!$ )e con!"(e%e( $h&$ $he o%""n&l !%+e* $oo?'l&ce #%o, Dece,)e%5 11 $o Jne5 111 9E8h")"$! 13 &n( 1


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&''ellee! &%e conce%ne(. =h&$ ,&$$e%! "! $h&$ $he lo$! cl&",e( )* $he&''ellee! &%e &ll "ncl(e( "n P&%cel I o# LRC No. 1231 &n( &%e loc&$e( &$ $heno%$he!$e%n 'o%$"on o# !&"( P&%cel 1. In(ee(5 "$ &! e%%o% on $he '&%$ o# $heloe% co%$ $o ,&?e &! one o# $he )&!e! "n (ecl&%"n Dec%ee o# Re"!$%&$"onNo. 1/401 &n( O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /0 nll &n( +o"( &n( o# no

e##ec$ h&$!oe+e% $he o%e!$&$e( ("!!","l&%"$"e! "n $he n&,e! o# $he one%!5o% "n $he (e!"n&$"on!5 o# $he l&n(! on $he !o$he!$e%n !"(e o# P&%cel 15)ec&!e $ho!e ("!!","l&%"$"e! &%e ell e8'l&"ne( "n $he %eco%(! o# $he!e c&!e!.

The loe% co%$ co,,"$$e( !$"ll &no$he% e%%o% hen "$ ,&(e $he #"n("n $h&$$he onl* )on(&%* o# P&%cel 1 on $he e!$e%n !"(e "! 6A. Bon"#&c"o %o&(6 &n($hen (ecl&%e( $h&$ $he l&n(! !"$&$e( e!$ o# $he A. Bon"#&c"o %o&( e%ene+e% $he !)7ec$ o# $he %e"!$%&$"on '%ocee("n! "n LRC No. /231. The loe%co%$ (ecl&%e( $he l&n(! e!$ o# A. Bon"#&c"o %o&( &! n%e"!$e%e( l&n(! &n(&&%(e( $he one%!h"' o# $ho!e l&n(! $o $he 'l&"n$"##! "n C"+"l C&!e! No!.02:1 &n( 02:: 9&''ellee! "n G.R. No!. L-:21:/ &n( L-:21:3


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o# T"$le No. /0 o# $he L&n( Reco%(! o# $he P%o+"nce o# R"@&l.6:4 In $he"%&''e&l )%"e#5 $he &''ellee! c&$eo%"c&ll* !$&$e( $h&$ 6Bo$h $he &''ellee! &n($he &''ell&n$ &(,"$ $h&$ $he!e '&%cel! o# l&n( cl&",e( )* $he 'l&"n$"##! "n$he!e $h%ee 90< c"+"l c&!e! &%e loc&$e( "$h"n P&%cel 1 9S&n$& Me!& E!$&$ee"h$! S)("+"!"on co+e%e( )* O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o#T"$le No. /0 .6:/The &''ellee! "n $he!e $o c&!e! h&( ne+e% &!!e%$e( $h&$'&%$ o# $he l&n(! $h&$ $he* cl&", &%e o$!"(e $he )on(&%"e! o# P&%cel 15 no%("( $he* &!!e%$ $h&$ '&%$ o# $he l&n(! $h&$ $he* cl&", h&+e %e,&"ne(n%e"!$e%e( &n( no$ co+e%e( )* O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /0. Theloe% co%$ h&( ,&(e & #"n("n no$ onl* con$%&%* $o $he e+"(ence o# $he

&''ellee! )$ e+en ,o%e $h&n h&$ $he &''ellee! &!?e( hen "$ !&"( "n "$!(ec"!"on $h&$ $he e!$e%n )on(&%* o# P&%cel 1 "! onl* $he A. Bon"#&c"o %o&(&n( $h&$ $he l&n(! cl&",e( )* $he &''ellee! e!$ o# $h"! %o&( h&( ne+e% )een%e"!$e%e(. Th"! Co%$ ce%$&"nl* c&n no$ "+e "$! &''%o+&l $o $he #"n("n! &n(%l"n! o# $he loe% co%$ $h&$ &%e '&$en$l* e%%oneo!.

:. The loe% co%$ &l!o e%%e( hen "$ (ecl&%e( O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No./0 nll &n( +o"( 'on $he %on( $h&$ $he (ec%ee o# %e"!$%&$"on &! no$$%&n!c%")e( "n $he Re"!$%&$"on Boo? "n &cco%(&nce "$h $he '%o+"!"on! o#Sec$"on 41 o# Ac$ 42. In "$! (ec"!"on5 $he loe% co%$ !&"(

6D%"n $he $%"&l5 $he Boo? o# O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le &! )%oh$ $o $heCo%$. The Co%$ h&( occ&!"on $o !ee &n( e8&,"ne $he ENTR ,&(e "n $heRe"!$%&$"on Boo?. The Co%$ #on( $h&$ $he F&ce o# $he T"$le h"ch5 n(e%o%("n&%* c"%c,!$&nce!5 !hol( )e P&e 1 "! #on( &! P&e :. The !hee$con$&"n"n $he $echn"c&l (e!c%"'$"on h"ch !hol( )e '&e : "! P&e 1. TheFACE o# $he T"$le5 h"ch !hol( h&+e )een P&e 15 con$&"ne( $he l&!$ 'o%$"ono# $he (e!c%"'$"on o# $he l&n( (e!c%")e( "n $he (ec%ee. The !hee$ con$&"n"n$he )l? o# $he (e!c%"'$"on o# $he l&n(! (ec%ee( !hol( h&+e )een P&e :.The !o-c&lle( O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /0 #on( on P&e 1035 Boo? A-/ o# $he Re"!$e% o# Dee(! o# R"@&l "!5 $he%e#o%e5 nll &n( +o"( )ec&!e $he'%o+"!"on! o# Sec$"on 41 o# $he L&n( Re"!$%&$"on L& h&+e no$ )een

co,'l"e( "$h. S&"( Sec$"on %e"%e! $h&$ $he en$%* "n $he Re"!$%&$"on Boo?,!$ )e & $%&n!c%"'$"on o# $he Dec%ee &n( $he '&"n !hol( con!"!$ o# & leo% le&+e! "n con!ec$"+e o%(e%. 8 8 8:3

The 'e%$"nen$ '%o+"!"on! o# Sec$"on 41 o# Ac$ 42 %e&(!5 &! #ollo!

6SEC. 41. I,,e("&$el* $e% #"n&l (ec"!"on )* $he co%$ ("%ec$"n $he%e"!$%&$"on o# &n* '%o'e%$*5 $he cle%? !h&ll !en( & ce%$"#"e( co'* o# !ch


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(ec"!"on $o $he Ch"e# o# $he Gene%&l L&n( Re"!$%&$"on O##"ce5 ho !h&ll'%e'&%e $he (ec%ee "n &cco%(&nce "$h !ec$"on #o%$* o# Ac$ n,)e%e( #o%hn(%e( &n( n"ne$*-!"85 &n( he !h&ll #o%&%( & ce%$"#"e( co'* o# !&"( (ec%ee$o $he %e"!$e% o# (ee(! o# $he '%o+"nce o% c"$* "n h"ch $he '%o'e%$* "!!"$&$e(. The %e"!$e% o# (ee(! !h&ll $%&n!c%")e $he (ec%ee "n & )oo? $o )e

c&lle( $he 6Re"!$%&$"on Boo? "n h"ch & le o% le&+e! "n con!ec$"+e o%(e%5!h&ll )e (e+o$e( e8cl!"+el* $o e&ch $"$le. The en$%* ,&(e )* $he %e"!$e% o#(ee(! "n $h"! )oo? "n e&ch c&!e !h&ll )e $he o%""n&l ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"(e5 &n(!h&ll )e !"ne( )* h", &n( !e&le( "$h $he !e&l o# h"! o##"ce. 8 8 8 86

The 'e%$"nen$ '%o+"!"on! o# Sec$"on 4 o# Ac$ 42 %e&(!5 &! #ollo!

6SEC. 4. E+e%* (ec%ee o# %e"!$%&$"on !h&ll )e&% $he (&* o# $he *e&%5 ho%5&n( ,"n$e o# "$! en$%*5 &n( !h&ll )e !"ne( )* $he cle%?. I$ !h&ll !$&$ehe$he% $he one% "! ,&%%"e( o% n,&%%"e(5 &n( "# ,&%%"e(5 $he n&,e o# $heh!)&n( o% "#e. I# $he one% "! n(e% ("!&)"l"$*5 "$ !h&ll !$&$e $he n&$%e o#

$he ("!&)"l"$*5 &n( "# & ,"no%5 !h&ll !$&$e h"! &e. I$ !h&ll con$&"n & (e!c%"'$"ono# $he l&n( &! #"n&ll* (e$e%,"ne( )* $he co%$. . . . The (ec%ee !h&ll )e !$&$e("n & con+en"en$ #o%, #o% $%&n!c%"'$"on 'on $he ce%$"#"c&$e! o# $"$le he%e"n$e%,en$"one(.6

Sec$"on : o# Ac$ 42 '%o+"(e! $h&$ &! !oon &! $he (ec%ee o# $"$le h&! )een%e"!$e%e( "n $he o##"ce o# $he %e"!$e% o# (ee(!5 &! '%o+"(e( "n Sec$"on #o%$*-one5 $he '%o'e%$* "ncl(e( "n !&"( (ec%ee !h&ll )eco,e %e"!$e%e( l&n( n(e%$he Ac$. Sec$"on 4: o# Ac$ 42 '%o+"(e! $h&$ $he ce%$"#"c&$e !h&ll $&?e e##ec$'on $he (&$e o# $he $%&n!c%"'$"on o# $he (ec%ee.

Th"! Co%$ h&! hel( $h&$ &! (e#"ne( "n Sec$"on 41 o# Ac$ 425 $he ce%$"#"c&$e o#$"$le "! $he $%&n!c%"'$ o# $he (ec%ee o# %e"!$%&$"on ,&(e )* $he %e"!$e% o#(ee(! "n $he %e"!$%*.:

The &''ell&n$ '%e!en$e( &! e+"(ence & 'ho$o!$&$ o# O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o#T"$le No. /05 &! #on( "n $he Re"!$%&$"on Boo? "n $he o##"ce o# $he %e"!$e% o#(ee(! o# R"@&l 9E8h")"$


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!'o!e! "# ,&%%"e(5 &n( $he"% %e!'ec$"+e "n$e%e!$ o% !h&%e "n $he l&n(!co+e%e( )* $he $"$le &%e !$&$e( on $he #&ce o# $h"! $"$le. =e h&+e no$e( $h&$$he $echn"c&l (e!c%"'$"on! o# $he l&n(! 9P&%cel! 1 &n( :< co+e%e( )* $he $"$le&%e co'"e( on $he !hee$! con!$"$$"n $he $"$le. =e h&+e co,'&%e( $he$echn"c&l (e!c%"'$"on! o# P&%cel! 1 &n( : &! $he* &''e&% on $h"! 'ho$o!$&$ o#

O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /0 9E8h")"$ < "$h $he $echn"c&l(e!c%"'$"on! o# $he!e l&n(! &! $he* &''e&% "n $he (ec%ee o# %e"!$%&$"on9E8h")"$ #o% $he 'l&"n$"##!5 &n( E8h")"$ : #o% $he (e#en(&n$


31/51

41 o# Ac$ 42 &n( !$%"c$l* &''l"e( "$! con!$%c$"on "n $he (e$e%,"n&$"on o# $he+&l"("$* o# O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /0. =e )el"e+e $h&$ $he '%o+"!"on!o# Sec$"on 41 o# Ac$ 42 !hol( )e "n$e%'%e$e( l")e%&ll*5 "n ?ee'"n "$hSec$"on 1:0 o# !&"( Ac$ h"ch '%o+"(e! $h&$ 6Th"! Ac$ !h&ll )e con!$%e(l")e%&ll* !o #&% &! ,&* )e nece!!&%* #o% $he '%'o!e o# e##ec$"n "$! ene%&l

"n$en$.6 I# =e &(o'$ & l"$e%&l con!$%c$"on o# $he '%o+"!"on! o# Sec$"on 41 o#Ac$ 425 &! &! (one )* $he loe% co%$5 !ch $h&$ $he (e#ec$ "n $he ,&nne%o% #o%, o# $%&n!c%")"n $he (ec%ee "n $he %e"!$%&$"on )oo? ol( %en(e% nll&n( +o"( $he o%""n&l ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le5 $hen "$ c&n h&''en $h&$ $he +&l"("$* o%$he "n+&l"("$* o# & ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le ol( (e'en( on $he %e"!$e% o# (ee(!5o% on $he 'e%!onnel "n $he o##"ce o# $he %e"!$e% o# (ee(!. The %e"!$e% o#(ee(!5 o% &n e,'lo*ee "n h"! o##"ce5 c&n "$$"nl* o% n"$$"nl* %en(e%!ele!! & (ec%ee o# %e"!$%&$"on %el&%l* "!!e( '%!&n$ $o & (ec"!"on o# &%e"!$%&$"on co%$ &n( $h! nll"#* )* $he e%%o% $h&$ he co,,"$! "n $he$%&n!c%"'$"on o# $he (ec%ee "n $he Re"!$%&$"on Boo? &n o%""n&l ce%$"#"c&$e o#$"$le $h&$ h&! )een e8"!$"n #o% *e&%!. Th"! !$%"c$ "n$e%'%e$&$"on o% con!$%c$"on

o# Sec$"on 41 o# Ac$ 42 ol( ce%$&"nl* no$ '%o,o$e $he '%'o!e o# $he L&n(Re"!$%&$"on L& 9Ac$ 42


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S$&. Me!& E!$&$e5 &n( P&%cel :5 ?non &! $he D"l",&n E!$&$e


33/51

$he +&le o# $he '%o'e%$* %e"!$e%e( ,&* )e (e,&n(e( onl* #%o, $he 'e%!on9o% 'e%!on!< ho '%oc%e( $he %on#l %e"!$%&$"on "n h"! n&,e.02

The loe% co%$ &cce'$e(5 &n( !!$&"ne(5 $he &!!e%$"on o# $he &''ellee! $h&$$he '%ocee("n! "n LRC No. /231 o# $he Co%$ o# L&n( Re"!$%&$"on e%e nll

&n( +o"( &n( $h&$ O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /0 "! nll &n( +o"( &) "n"$"o&n( o# no e##ec$. The $%"&l co%$ e+en en$ $o $he e8$en$ o# (ecl&%"n $h&$!o,e o# $he '&%cel! o# l&n( cl&",e( )* $he &''ellee! "n C"+"l C&!e! No!. 02:1&n( 02:: 9no G.R. No!. L-:21:/ &n( L-:21:3 )e#o%e $h"! Co%$< e%e no$co+e%e( )* O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /05 The loe% co%$ #o%$h"$h(ecl&%e( $he &''ellee! $he one%! o# $he '&%cel! o# l&n( cl&",e( )* $he,5 &!(e!c%")e( "n $he"% co,'l&"n$!. S$%&nel* enoh5 $he loe% co%$ 'on(ecl&%"n O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /0 nll &n( +o"(5 ("( no$ ,&?e &n*!$&$e,en$5 o% o)!e%+&$"on5 %e&%("n $he !$&$! o% !"$&$"on o# $he %e,&"n"nl&n(! 9P&%cel! 1 &n( :< co+e%e( )* O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /0 $e%&(7("c&$"n $o $he &''ellee! $he !"8 '&%cel! o# l&n( cl&",e( )* $he, "n $he"%

co,'l&"n$!.

In $he '%e!en$ &''e&l con!el #o% $he &''ellee! h&( ,&"n$&"ne(5 &n( h&!en(e&+o%e( $o !ho5 $h&$ $he loe% co%$ &! co%%ec$ "n &nn##"n O%""n&lCe%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /0 &n( "n &(7("c&$"n "n #&+o% o# $he &''ellee! $heone%!h"' &n( 'o!!e!!"on o# $he !"8 '&%cel! o# l&n( cl&",e( )* $he, "n $he"%co,'l&"n$!.

B$5 &! he%e"%")e#o%e hel( )* U!5 $he loe% co%$ e%%e( "n (ecl&%"n O%""n&lCe%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /0 +o"( &n( o# no e##ec$. =e h&+e hel( $h&$ O%""n&lCe%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /0 &! "!!e( &! & %e!l$ o# $he %e"!$%&$"on

'%ocee("n! "n LRC No. /231 h"ch &! %el&% &n( $h&$ !&"( ce%$"#"c&$e o#$"$le "! +&l"( &n( e##ec$"+e. The '%ocee("n! "n LRC /231 )e"n "n %e,5 $he(ec%ee o# %e"!$%&$"on "!!e( '%!&n$ $o $he (ec"!"on %en(e%e( "n !&"(%e"!$%&$"on c&!e )on( $he l&n(! co+e%e( )* $he (ec%ee &n( "e$e( $"$le$he%e$o5 &n( "! concl!"+e 'on &n( &&"n!$ &ll 'e%!on!5 "ncl("n $heo+e%n,en$ &n( &ll $he )%&nche! $he%eo#5 he$he% ,en$"one( )* n&,e "n $he&''l"c&$"on5 no$"ce o% c"$&$"on5 o% "ncl(e( "n $he ene%&l "n!c%"'$"on 6To ho,"$ ,&* conce%n56 &n( !ch (ec%ee "ll no$ )e o'ene( )* %e&!on o# $he&)!ence5 "n#&nc*5 o% o$he% ("!&)"l"$* o# &n* 'e%!on #ec$e( $he%e)*5 no% )*&n* '%ocee("n! "n &n* co%$ #o% %e+e%!"n 7(,en$ o% (ec%ee. Sch (ec%ee,&* onl* )e %eo'ene( "# &n* 'e%!on (e'%"+e( o# l&n( o% o# &n* e!$&$e o%

"n$e%e!$ $he%e"n )* (ec%ee o# %e"!$%&$"on o)$&"ne( )* #%&( ol( #"le "n $heco,'e$en$ co%$ o# #"%!$ "n!$&nce & 'e$"$"on #o% %e+"e "$h"n one *e&% $e%en$%* o# $he (ec%ee5 '%o+"(e( no "nnocen$ '%ch&!e% #o% +&le h&( &c"%e(&n "n$e%e!$ on $he l&n(5 &n( 'on $he e8'"%&$"on o# !&"( 'e%"o( o# one *e&%5$he (ec%ee5 o% $he ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le "!!e( '%!&n$ $o $he (ec%ee5 "!"ncon$%o+e%$")le 9Sec. 0 35 Ac$ 42


34/51

%e"!$%&$"on "n LRC /231 "$h"n $he 'e%"o( o# one *e&% #%o, Jl* 35 114. Th&$(ec%ee o# %e"!$%&$"on5 &n( O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /0 "!!e('%!&n$ $he%e$o5 $he%e#o%e5 h&( )een "ncon$%o+e%$")le !"nce Jl* 5 11.

Mo%eo+e%5 "nnocen$ '%ch&!e%! #o% +&le h&( &c"%e( "n$e%e!$ "n $he l&n(!

co+e%e( )* O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /0 0/

The O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /0 &! "!!e( on Jl* 35 114 "n $hen&,e! o# $he o%""n&l &''l"c&n$! #o% %e"!$%&$"on5 n&,el*5 M&%"&no Se+e%oT&!on * (e l& P&@5 Te%e!& E%")e%$& T&!on * (e l& P&@5 J&n Jo!e T&!on * (el& P&@5 De,e$%"o A!nc"on T&!on * (e l& P&@5 &n( A!$o >)e%$o T&!on *(e l& P&@. >e%e"n &''ell&n$ J.M. T&!on Co.5 Inc. "! no$ one o# $ho!e hoe%e %e"!$e%e( &! $he o%""n&l one%! ,en$"one( "n O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o#T"$le No. /0. =hen $he o%""n&l co,'l&"n$! e%e #"le( "n $he!e $h%ee c&!e! "n$he Co%$ o# F"%!$ In!$&nce o# R"@&l $he '&%$"e! n&,e( (e#en(&n$! "n e&ch o#$he $h%ee c&!e! e%e M&%"&no Se+e%o T&!on * (e l& P&@5 Te%e!& E%")e%$&

T&!on * (e l& P&@5 J&n Jo!e T&!on * (e l& P&@5 De,e$%"o A!nc"on T&!on *(e l& P&@5 A!$o >)e%$o T&!on * (e l& P&@5 $he he"%! o# e&ch one o# $he!e(e#en(&n$! 9"$ho$ n&,"n $he,


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B&n? o# $he Ph"l"''"ne I!l&n(! +!. Ac& 9 Ph"l. 130< he%e"n $h"! Co%$'hel( $he +&l"("$* o# O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /0 &n( &l!o $he +&l"("$*o# $he $%&n!#e% ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le e,&n&$"n $he%e#%o,.4

The c"%c,!$&nce! &$$en("n $he &c"!"$"on )* $he >e"%! o# D. T&!on5 Inc5 o#

$he l&n( co+e%e( )* T%&n!#e% Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. 01/ - h"ch &!#o%,e%l* P&%cel I co+e%e( )* O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /0 - cle&%l*"n("c&$e $h&$ !&"( co%'o%&$"on &c"%e( "$! $"$le "n & %el&% $%&n!&c$"on &!'%ch&!e% "n oo( #&"$h &n( #o% +&le. On Jne 15 103 $he >e"%! o# D.T&!on5 Inc. "n $%n !ol( $he !&,e '%o'e%$* $o J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc.5 &n(T%&n!#e% Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. 0/0 &! "!!e( "n $he n&,e o# $he l&$$e%9E8h!. 1:-c &n( 0/e"%! o# D. T&!on5 Inc. &n( $he"nco%'o%&$o%! o# J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc. e%e '%&c$"c&ll* $he !&,e 'e%!on!)elon"n $o $he !&,e T&!on #&,"l*. =e (o no$ !ee &n*$h"n %on "# !o,e"nco%'o%&$o%! o# $he >e"%! o# D. T&!on Inc. &%e &l!o "nco%'o%&$o%! o# J. AT&!on Co.5 Inc. D%"n $he!e (&*! hen )!"ne!!e! &%e '%o,o$e(5o'e%&$e(5 &n( ,&n&e(5 $h%oh co%'o%&$e en$"$"e!5 "$ "! no$ !%'%"!"n $o !ee$o o% ,o%e co%'o%&$"on! o%&n"@e( )* $he !&,e 'e%!on! o% %o' o#'e%!on!5 "$h ("##e%en$ '%'o!e!5 #o% ("##e%en$ l"ne! o# )!"ne!! &n( "$h("!$"nc$ o% !e'&%&$e &!!e$! &n( "n$e%e!$!. Be!"(e!5 &! h&! )een !hon5 $he>e"%! o# D. T&!on5 Inc. &c"%e( $he l&n( 9P&%cel I "n O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o#

T"$le No. /0< #%o, $he B&n? o# $he Ph"l"''"ne I!l&n(!5 $he %ece"+e% o# $he'%o'e%$"e! o# $he M&*o%&!o T&!on5 "n & !&le $h&$ &! &$ho%"@e(5 &n(!)!een$l* &''%o+e(5 )* $he co%$. The >e"%! o# D. T&!on5 Inc. '&"( $he!, o# P/205.3 #o% $he '%o'e%$*. Ce%$&"nl* "# $he >e"%! o# D. T&!on5 Inc.h&( &c"%e( $he l&n( o%""n&ll* co+e%e( )* O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No./0 "n & $%&n!&c$"on $h&$ &! &$ho%"@e( )* $he co%$5 #o% & +&l&)lecon!"(e%&$"on5 $he%e)* &c"%"n & oo( $"$le o+e% $he '%o'e%$* &! &'%ch&!e% "n oo( #&"$h &n( #o% +&le5 $he $"$le $h&$ "$ $%&n!#e%%e( $o J. M.T&!on Co.5 Inc. hen "$ !ol( !&,e '%o'e%$* $o $he l&$$e% &! &l!o & oo($"$le5 &n( J. A T&!on Co.5 Inc. &! &l!o & '%ch&!e% "n oo( #&"$h &n( #o%+&le - e+en "# "$ &''e&%! $h&$ $he "nco%'o%&$o%! o# $he $o co%'o%&$"on!

)elon $o $he !&,e T&!on #&,"l*5 The %eco%(! o# $he!e c&!e! &%e )e%e#$ o#&n* e+"(ence h"ch ol( "n("c&$e $h&$ $he !&le o# P&%cel I "n e!$"on )*$he >e"%! o# D. T&!on5 Inc. $o J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc. &! #%&(len$.

Ano$he% %e&!on "+en )* $he loe% co%$ "n (ecl&%"n &''ell&n$ J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc. & )*e% "n )&( #&"$h "! $h&$ hen !&"( &''ell&n$ )oh$ P&%cel Io%""n&ll* co+e%e( )* O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /0 "$ &! &&%e o# $he#&c$ $h&$ $he &''ellee! o% $he"% '%e(ece!!o%!-"n-"n$e%e!$ e%e "n 'o!!e!!"on


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o#5 &n( e%e cl$"+&$"n5 $he !"8 '&%cel! o# l&n( $h&$ $he* no cl&", "n $he!ec&!e!. The concl!"on o# $he loe% co%$ "! $oo !$%&"ne(. I$ !hol( )e%e,e,)e%e( $h&$ $he %e"!$e%e( '%o'e%$* )oh$ )* J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc.h&( &n &%e& o# !o,e 3/ hec$&%e!. I$ col( h&''en $h&$ ce%$&"n %el&$"+e! o%&nce!$o%! o# &''ellee! h&( )een !&$$"n on !o,e 'o%$"on! o# $he l&n( &n(

cl&",e( ce%$&"n &%e&! &! $he"% on5 $o $he e8$en$ o# h&+"n $he &%e&! cl&",e()* $he, (ecl&%e( #o% $&8&$"on '%'o!e! "n $he"% n&,e!. Th! $he &''ellee!'%e!en$e( "n e+"(ence $&8 (ecl&%&$"on! $h&$ &''e&% $o h&+e $&?en e##ec$ &! o#141. =e h&+e no$e(5 hoe+e%5 $h&$ &$ $he )&c? o# $ho!e $&8 (ecl&%&$"on! &%e%"$$en $he o%(! 6Th"! '&%cel "! & ('l"c&$e o# $he l&n( n(e% T&8 No. /24-J.M. T&!on Co.5 Inc.6 9E8h!. EAlc&n$&%&5 F-Alc&%"$&%&5 FF-1-Ben"n5 GG-Ben"n5>>-Ben"n5 BBB-P"l"5 &n( BBB-1-P"l"e"%! o# D. T&!on5 Inc.4: Th"!"! ho,e )* $he !$&$e,en$ "n $he o%(e%5 (&$e( Se'$e,)e% :25 15 "!!e( )*J(e J&n P. En%"e@ ho &$ $he $",e &! '%e!"("n $he )%&nch o# $he Co%$o# F"%!$ In!$&nce o# R"@&l he%e $he!e $h%ee c&!e! e%e 'en("n5 &! #ollo!

60. I$ h&+"n )een !hon $h&$ J. M. T&!on Co. h&( $"$le co+e%"n $he l&n( "ne!$"on h"ch $he* &%e !)("+"("n "n$o !,&ll lo$! #o% !&le &n( "n +"e o# $heo)!e%+&$"on n(e% '&%&%&'h : he%eo# $he Co%$ #"n(! $h&$ $he%e "! no7!$"#"&)le %e&!on $o ,&"n$&"n $he %"$ o# '%el","n&%* "n7nc$"on $h&$ h&! )een"!!e(. Th"! "! '&%$"cl&%l* $%e "n C"+"l C&!e No. :2::5 (e#en(&n$! h&+"n!ec%e( & #"n&l 7(,en$ &&"n!$ 'l&"n$"##! J&n Alc&n$&%& &n( Jo!e Alc&n$&%&

#o% e7ec$,en$ )e#o%e $he Mn"c"'&l co%$ o# e@on C"$*; &n( !ch "n7nc$"onol( &nnl $he o%(e% o# $he e8ec$"on "!!e( )* $he e@on C"$* co%$!. I$!hol( )e no$e( $h&$ $he he%e"n 'l&"n$"##! &$ $he )e"nn"n 'le&(e( $o $heCo%$ $h&$ $he &%e& on h"ch $he"% %e!'ec$"+e ho!e! !$&n( )e no$ $oche(&n( $he"% 'o!!e!!"on $he%eo# )e %e!'ec$e( )* (e#en(&n$ J. M. T&!on Co. Ino$he% o%(!5 e&ch 'l&"n$"## "! ,e%el* &!?"n #o% &)o$ : !&%e ,e$e%!e&ch h"ch %e'%e!en$! $he l&n( on h"ch $he ho!e !$&n(! &n( $he"%",,e("&$e *&%(5 &n( no$ $he hole l&n( co+e%e( )* $he!e $h%ee c&!e! o% 23hec$&%e!. On $he o$he% h&n(5 $he Co%$ %e"%e! J. M. T&!on Co. $o '$ ' &)on( o# P:5 "n #&+o% o# e&ch o# $he (e#en(&n$ 9!"c< $o &n!e% #o% h&$e+e%(&,&e! he ,&* !##e% )* %e&!on o# $he con$"n&nce (%"n $he &c$"on o# $he

&c$! co,'l&"ne( o#5 40

Be!"(e!5 $he 'o!!e!!"on )* $he &''ellee!5 e"$he% )* $he,!el+e! o% $h%oh$he"% '%e(ece!!o%!-"n-"n$e%e!$5 "# $he%e &! !ch 'o!!e!!"on &$ &ll5 ol( )en&+&"l"n &&"n!$ $he hol(e% o# & To%%en! ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le co+e%"n $he'&%cel! o# l&n(! no "n e!$"on. F%o, Jl* 35 114 hen O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$eo# T"$le No. /0 &! "!!e(5 no 'o!!e!!"on )* &n* 'e%!on o# &n* 'o%$"on o#$he l&n(! co+e%e( )* !&"( o%""n&l ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le5 o% co+e%e( )* &


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!)!een$ $%&n!#e% ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le (e%"+e( #%o, !&"( o%""n&l ce%$"#"c&$e o#$"$le5 col( (e#e&$ $he $"$le o# $he %e"!$e%e( one% o# $he l&n(! co+e%e( )*$he ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le. In $h"! connec$"on5 le$ "$ )e no$e( $h&$ &''ell&n$ J. M.T&!on Co5 Inc. )ec&,e $he %e"!$e%e( one% o# P&%cel 15 h"ch &!o%""n&ll* co+e%e( )* O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /05 onl* on Jne 15

1035 o% &l,o!$ :4 *e&%! $e% O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /0 &!"!!e(.

I$ c&n ell )e !&"( $h&$ J. A T&!on Co.5 Inc. h&( %el"e( on $he $"$le o# $he>e"%! o# D. T&!on5 Inc. hen "$ )oh$ $he l&n( co+e%e( )* T%&n!#e%Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. 04305 &n( $he >e"%! o# D. T&!on5 Inc. l"?e"!e h&(%el"e( on $he $"$le o# $he M&*o%&!o T&!on 9M&%"&no Se+e%o T&!on * (e l&P&@5 e$ &l.< hen "$ )oh$ $he l&n( co+e%e( )* T%&n!#e% Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$leNo. 01/ #%o, $he 7("c"&l %ece"+e%5 (l* &$ho%"@e( &n( &''%o+e( )* $heco%$5 =e5 $he%e#o%e5 c&n no$ &%ee "$h $he loe% co%$ hen "$ (ecl&%e(&''ell&n$ J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc. & '%ch&!e% "n )&( #&"$h.

The e+"(ence !ho! $h&$ &''ell&n$ J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc5 h&( con+e%$e( $hel&n( o%""n&ll* co+e%e( )* O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /05 "ncl("n $he!"8 '&%cel! cl&",e( )* &''ellee! "n$o & !)("+"!"on5 &n( n,e%o! 'e%!on!&n( en$"$"e! h&( '%ch&!e( $he !)("+"!"on lo$!5 &n( $he '%ch&!e%! "n $%ne%e "!!e( $%&n!#e% ce%$"#"c&$e! o# $"$le co+e%"n $he lo$! $h&$ $he* )oh$5)&!e( on $he $%&n!#e% ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le "n $he n&,e o# J. M. T&!on Co.5Inc. The )*e%! o# $he lo$! nece!!&%"l* %el"e( 'on $he ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le "n$he n&,e o# J. A T&!on Co.5 &n( )ec&!e $he* '&"( #o% $he lo$! $he*ce%$&"nl* &%e '%ch&!e%! "n oo( #&"$h &n( #o% +&le. The '%ch&!e%! o# $he!elo$! h&+e )"l$ $he%eon %e!"(en$"&l ho!e!5 o##"ce )"l("n!5 !ho'!5 ho!'"$&l5

e+en ch%che!. B$ $he loe% co%$5 ("!%e&%("n $he!e c"%c,!$&nce!5(ecl&%e( ,"ll &n( +o"( &ll $%&n!#e% ce%$"#"c&$e! o# $"$le $h&$ e,&n&$e(5 o% $h&$e%e (e%"+e(5 #%o, O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /0. Th"! "! & %&+e e%%o%co,,"$$e( )* $he loe% co%$. An( $he e%%o% "! co,'on(e( hen $he loe%co%$ o%(e%e( &''ell&n$ J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc. &n( &ll $ho!e cl&","n n(e%!&"( &''ell&n$5 $o +&c&$e &n( %e!$o%e $o $he &''ellee! $he 'o!!e!!"on o# $he'&%cel! o# l&n(! $h&$ &%e cl&",e( )* $he, "n $he '%e!en$ c&!e!. The'o!!e!!o%! o# $he lo$! co,'%"!e( "$h"n $he !"8 '&%cel! o# l&n( "n e!$"on5&n( ho hol( ce%$"#"c&$e! o# $"$le co+e%"n $he lo$! $h&$ $he* )oh$5 &%e no$'&%$"e! "n $he '%e!en$ c&!e!5 &n( *e$ $he (ec"!"on o# $he loe% co%$ ol(&nnl $he"% $"$le! &n( co,'el $he, $o "+e ' $he 'o!!e!!"on o# $he"%

'%o'e%$"e!. To "+e e##ec$ $o $he (ec"!"on o# $he loe% co%$ "! $o (e'%"+e'e%!on! o# $he"% '%o'e%$* "$ho$ (e '%oce!! o# l&.44 The (ec"!"on o# $heloe% co%$ ol( !e$ &$ n&h$ $he !e$$le( (oc$%"ne $h&$ $he hol(e% o# &ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le ho &c"%e( $he '%o'e%$* co+e%e( )* $he $"$le "n oo( #&"$h&n( #o% +&le c&n %e!$ &!!%e( $h&$ h"! $"$le "! 'e%#ec$ &n( "ncon$%o+e%$")le 4

In +"e o# $he #o%eo"n ("!c!!"on!5 "$ "! o)+"o! $h&$ $he &c$"on o# $he&''ellee! "n $he $h%ee c&!e! no )e#o%e $h"! Co%$ ,!$ #&"l.


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I$ h&! )een !hon $h&$ &''ell&n$ J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc. h&( &c"%e( & +&l"($"$le o+e% $he l&n( h"ch "ncl(e! $he !"8 '&%cel! $h&$ &%e cl&",e( )* $he&''ellee!. The #&c$5 $h&$ $he '%e(ece!!o%!-"n-"n$e%e!$ o# $he &''ellee! o% &n*'e%!on5 #o% $h&$ ,&$$e%- h&( no$ #"le( &'e$"$"on #o% $he %e+"e o# $he (ec%ee o#

%e"!$%&$"on "n LRC No. /231 "$h"n & 'e%"o( o# one *e&% #%o, Jl* 35 114hen $he (ec%ee o# %e"!$%&$"on &! "!!e(5 "! & c"%c,!$&nce $h&$ h&(#o%e+e% #o%eclo!e( &n* '%ocee("n #o% $he %e+"e o# !&"( (ec%ee. A! =e h&+e&(+e%$e( $o5 $h&$ (ec%ee o# %e"!$%&$"on h&( )eco,e "ncon$%o+e%$")le. An&c$"on5 !","l&% $o one )%oh$ )* $he &''ellee! "n e&ch o# $he '%e!en$ c&!e!5h"ch &$$&c? coll&$e%&ll* $he !&"( (ec%ee o# %e"!$%&$"on c&nno$ )een$e%$&"ne(.42 Ne"$he% ,&* $he &c$"on o# $he &''ellee! #o% %econ+e*&nce o#$he l&n(! "n e!$"on )e en$e%$&"ne( )ec&!e !ch &c$"on h&( &l%e&(*'%e!c%")e(5 &n( )&%%e( )* l&che!5 con!"(e%"n $h&$ O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$leNo. /0 h&( )een "!!e( &* )&c? "n 114 &n( $he co,'l&"n$ "n $he '%e!en$c&!e! e%e #"le( onl* on M&* 1515 o% $e% & l&'!e o# !o,e 4l *e&%!.

Mo%eo+e%5 &! o# $he $",e hen $he!e co,'l&"n$! e%e #"le( $he !"8 '&%cel! o#l&n( cl&",e( )* $he &''ellee! &%e no lone% co+e%e( )* $he ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le"n $he n&,e! o# $he 'e%!on! ho '%oc%e( $he o%""n&l %e"!$%&$"on o# $ho!el&n(!. The $"$le $o P&%cel 15 h"ch "ncl(e! $he !"8 '&%cel! o# l&n( cl&",e( )*$he &''ellee!5 h&( '&!!e( $o $he h&n(! o# '&%$"e! ho e%e "nnocen$'%ch&!e%! #o% +&le. Th"! P&%cel 1 h"ch &! one o# $he $o '&%cel!o%""n&ll* co+e%e( )* O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /05 &! !)!een$l*co+e%e( )* T%&n!#e% Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. 01/. A! h&! )een !hon5 $h"!P&%cel 1 &! '&%$ o# $he '%o'e%$"e! o# $he M&*o%&!o T&!on &n( "$ &!con+e*e( )* o%(e% o# $he co%$ "n C"+"l C&!e No. :430 o# $he Co%$ o# F"%!$In!$&nce o# M&n"l& $o $he >e"%! o# D. T&!on5 Inc.5 &n( $he l&$$e% "n $%n

con+e*e( $he !&,e $o J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc. T%&n!#e% Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No.0430 "n $he n&,e o# $he >e"%! o# D. T&!on5 Inc. &! c&ncelle( &n( T%&n!#e%Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. 0/0 &! "!!e( "n $he n&,e o# J. M. T&!on Co.5Inc. I$ h&! &l!o )een !hon $h&$ J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc. h&( con+e%$e( P&%cel1 $o & !)("+"!"on. N,e%o! 'e%!on! &n( en$"$"e! )oh$ $ho!e !)("+"!"onlo$!5 &n( $o $ho!e )*e%! e%e "!!e( $%&n!#e% ce%$"#"c&$e! o# $"$le co+e%"n$he lo$! $h&$ $he* &c"%e(. I$ "! +e%* cle&%5 $he%e#o%e5 $h&$ &n &c$"on #o%%econ+e*&nce c&nno$ '%o!'e% &&"n!$ &''ell&n$ J. M. T&!on Co.5 ,ch le!!&&"n!$ $he %e"!$e%e( one%! o# $he lo$! $h&$ #o%, '&%$! o# $he !"8 '&%cel! o#l&n( $h&$ &%e cl&",e( )* $he &''ellee!. 4/

Ne"$he% ,&* $he &''ellee! h&+e & c&!e o# &c$"on #o% (&,&e! &&"n!$&''ell&n$ J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc.5 con!"(e%"n $h&$ !&"( &''ell&n$ "! no$ oneo# $he o%""n&l %e"!$e%e( one%! $h&$ '%oc%e( $he %e"!$%&$"on o# $he l&n(.The%e "! no e+"(ence $h&$ J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc. h&( &n*$h"n $o (o "$h $he%e"!$%&$"on '%ocee("n! h"ch )%oh$ &)o$ $he "!!&nce o# O%""n&lCe%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /0 - e+en !''o!"n $h&$ $he %e"!$%&$"on &!'%oc%e( #%&(len$l*.


39/51

4. N,e%o! c&!e! h&+e )een (ec"(e( )* $h"! Co%$5 (e&l"n on e!$"on!%e&%("n $he +&l"("$* &n( e##ec$"+ene!! o# O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No./0. The %l"n! o# $h"! Co%$ "n $ho!e c&!e! &%e nece!!&%"l* %ele+&n$ $o5 &n(o# (ec"!"+e )e&%"n "n5 $he %e!ol$"on o# $he "!!e! "n+ol+e( "n $he $h%ee c&!e!no &$ )&%.

9&< =e h&+e e&%l"e% c"$e( $he c&!e o# $he B&n? o# $he Ph"l"''"ne I!l&n(! +!.Ac& 9 Ph"l.5 130


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"!!&nce o# $he $"$le; $h&$ $he !"lence &n( "n&c$"on o# $he (e#en(&n$! !"nce $he(&$e o# $he"% o%""n&l ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le !hoe( $h&$ !&"( ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le ("(no$ e8'%e!! $he !$&$! o# $he"% cl&", $o $he !&"( '&%cel!5 $h&$ 'l&"n$"##! e%eno$ "+en #o%,&l no$"ce )* $he (e#en(&n$! o# $he %e"!$%&$"on o# $he l&n(!5!ch $h&$ (e#en(&n$! Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /0 &! no$ "n &cco%(&nce "$h

l&5 &n( $h&$ (e#en(&n$! ("( no$ h&+e '%o'e% $"$le #o% %e"!$%&$"on $o $he'&%cel! o# l&n( one( )* $he 'l&"n$"##!5 &! (e!c%")e( "n $he co,'l&"n$; &n($h&$ )ec&!e $he ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le "!!e( )* $he %e"!$e% o# (ee(! &! !$"ll "n$he n&,e! o# $he (e#en(&n$!5 !cce!!o%!-"n-"n$e%e!$ o# $he T&!on! * (e l&P&@5 &n( h&! no$ '&!!e( $o "nnocen$ '&%$"e! #o% +&l&)le con!"(e%&$"on5 $hecon+e*&nce o# $he !&,e $o $he 'l&"n$"##! &! "n o%(e%. The 'l&"n$"##! '%&*e($h&$ $he%e"n (e#en(&n$! )e o%(e%e( $o e8ec$e (ee(! o# con+e*&nce o# $he'&%cel! o# l&n( (e!c%")e( "n $he"% co,'l&"n$ "n #&+o% o# $he 'l&"n$"##!5 $h&$ $he(e#en(&n$! ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le )e c&ncelle( &n( $he co%%e!'on("n ce%$"#"c&$e)e o%(e%e( "!!e( "n $he n&,e! o# $he 'l&"n$"##!. =e o$e #%o, $he (ec"!"on

6The ,&$e%"&l &lle&$"on! o# $he co,'l&"n$ &%e $h&$ 'l&"n$"##! &%e one%! o#$he '&%cel! o# l&n( !e$ #o%$h "n $he"% co,'l&"n$5 h"ch '&%cel! &%e !"$&$e(&lon Bon"#&c"o !$%ee$5 )&%%"o o# S&n Jo!e5 e@on C"$*5 &n( $h&$ $he* h&+e)een "n &c$&l5 o'en5 &n( con$"no! 'o!!e!!"on &n( en7o*,en$ $he%eo#"$ho$ ,ole!$&$"on #%o, (e#en(&n$! #%o, $",e ",,e,o%"&l $o $he '%e!en$;$h&$ on Jl* 35 1145 (e#en(&n$! o)$&"ne( & ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le 9No. /0< o+e%& '&%cel o# l&n(5 h"ch "ncl(e( $he l&n(! 'o!!e!!e( )* 'l&"n$"##!5 &n( h"ch$he* &n( $he"% &nce!$o%! h&( )een en7o*"n &! one%! ,o%e $h&n 0 *e&%!)e#o%e $he "!!&nce o# !&"( $"$le; $h&$ on Jne :05 15 (e#en(&n$! c&!e($he %e,o+&l o# $o ho!e! o# 'l&"n$"##! on $he l&n(; &n( $h&$ (e#en(&n$! ("(no$ #"le &n* &c$"on &&"n!$ 'l&"n$"##! )e#o%e $he "ncl!"on o# $he l&n(! "n $he"%

$"$le5 "n +"ol&$"on o# $he (e '%oce!! o# l& cl&!e o# $he Con!$"$$"on. The%e&%e o$he% &lle&$"on! h"ch %e&ll* &%e &%,en$! o% le&l ("!c!!"on5 $h!$h&$ (e#en(&n$! col( no$ &c"%e $"$le )* $he %e"!$%&$"on '%ocee("n!&&"n!$ $he ll hol(e%5 e!'ec"&ll* "$ho$ #o%,&l no$"ce5 )ec&!e%e"!$%&$"on "! $o con#"%, $"$le5 no$ $o &c"%e "$5 $h&$ $he !"lence o# $he(e#en(&n$! !"nce $he "!!&nce o# $he"% $"$le !ho! $h&$ $h"! (oe! no$ e8'%e!!$he ll !$&$! o# $he"% cl&",5 e$c. The (e#en(&n$! ,o+e( $o ("!,"!! $heco,'l&"n$ on $he %on( $h&$ "$ !$&$e! no c&!e o# &c$"on &n( $h&$5 "# "$ (oe!5$he !&,e "! )&%%e( )* $he !$&$$e o# l","$&$"on!. The co%$ !!$&"ne( $h"!,o$"on on $he !econ( %on(. S)!een$l*5 'l&"n$"##! #"le( &n &,en(e(co,'l&"n$ -"$h $he !&,e !)!$&n$"&l &lle&$"on!5 )$ "$h ne one!5 ".e.5

$h&$ "$ &! "n J&n&%*5 15 $h&$ $he* le&%ne( $h&$ $he"% l&n(! e%e "ncl(e("n $he %e"!$%&$"on '%ocee("n! h"ch cl,"n&$e( "n $he "!!&nce o#(e#en(&n$! $"$le5 $h&$ (e#en(&n$! ne+e% cl&",e( one%!h"' $o $he l&n(!5 )$("%ec$l* o% "n("%ec$l* &lloe( 'l&"n$"##! $o con$"ne e8e%c"!"n $he"% %"h$! o#one%!h"' o+e% $he !&,e. Th"! &,en(e( co,'l&"n$ &! (en"e( &(,"!!"on5&n( $he ,o$"on #o% $he %econ!"(e%&$"on o# $he o%(e% o# ("!,"!!&l &! &l!o(en"e(. I >ence $he &''e&l.6


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In #"%,"n $he o%(e% o# $he loe% co%$ ("!,"!!"n $he co,'l&"n$5 $h"! Co%$hel(

6="$ho$ con!"(e%"n he$he% $he $%"&l co%$! %e#!&l $o &(,"$ $he &,en(e(co,'l&"n$ &! e%%oneo! o% no$5 e &%e con!$%&"ne( $o hol( $h&$ $he ("!,"!!&l

o# $he &c$"on5 e+en "$h $he &,en(e( co,'l&"n$ &! & )&!"! $he%eo#5 "! co%%ec$.F%o, $he &lle&$"on! o# )o$h $he o%""n&l &n( &,en(e( co,'l&"n$!5 "$ &''e&%!$h&$ $he (e#en(&n$! &%e hol(e%! o# & ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le "!!e( on Jl* 35 114&! & con!eence o# %e"!$%&$"on '%ocee("n!. The%e "! no &lle&$"on "n )o$ho%""n&l &n( &,en(e( co,'l&"n$! $h&$ $he 'l&"n$"##! e%e no$ no$"#"e(5 o% e%eno$ &&%e5 o# $he %e"!$%&$"on '%ocee("n!. I$ "! '%e!,e(5 $he%e#o%e5 $h&$ &!occ'&n$! '%o'e% no$"ce! $he%eo# e%e !e%+e( on $he, &n( $h&$ $he* e%e&&%e o# !&"( '%ocee("n!. I# $h"! "! !o5 $hen $he 'l&"n$"##!5 ho e%e5 o%ho!e '%e(ece!!o%! "n "n$e%e!$ e%e5 on $he l&n( (%"n $he %e"!$%&$"on'%ocee("n!5 e%e )on( )* !&"( '%ocee("n!. The l&$$e% &%e "n %e, &n( )"n($he hole o%l(5 he$he% !e%+e( "$h no$"ce 'e%!on&ll* o% no$. 9G%e* Al)& +!.

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h"! !"!$e% M&%$& Ben"n5 #"le( C"+"l C&!e No. 02:1; Jo!e Alc&n$&%& 7o"ne( )* h"!)%o$he% J&n Alc&n$&%&5 #"le( C"+"l C&!e No. 02::5 &n( P&!c&l P"l"5 7o"ne( )*h"! !"!$e% L"!& P"l"5 #"le( C"+"l C&!e No. 02:0. The!e &%e $he $h%ee c&!e! h"cho%""n&$e( "n $he Co%$ o# F"%!$ In!$&nce o# R"@&l 9e@on C"$* B%&nch< h"ch&%e no )e#o%e $h"! Co%$ on &''e&l.

In $he e&%l"e% '&%$ o# $h"! (ec"!"on5 =e h&+e 'o"n$e( o$ $h&$ $he co,'l&"n$!"n $he!e $h%ee c&!e! h&( )een &,en(e( !o &! $o "ncl(e &! '&%$"e! 'l&"n$"##!&ll $he he"%! o# $he 'e%!on! ho e%e &llee( $o )e $he one%! o# $he '&%cel!o# l&n( cl&",e( )* $he 'l&"n$"##! "n e&ch c&!e. Th!5 $he co,'l&"n$ "n C"+"lC&!e No. 02:1 &! &,en(e( $o "ncl(e &ll $he he"%! o# S"8$o Ben"n5 $he&llee( one% o# $he $h%ee '&%cel! o# l&n( (e!c%")e( "n $he co,'l&"n$ &n( $heco,,on '%e(ece!!o%-"n-"n$e%e!$ o# &ll $he 'l&"n$"##! "n $he c&!e. Theco,'l&"n$ "n C"+"l C&!e No. 02:: &! &,en(e( $o "ncl(e &ll $he he"%! o#Bono!o Alc&n$&%&5 $he &llee( one% o# $he $o '&%cel! o# l&n( (e!c%")e( "n$he co,'l&"n$ &n( $he co,,on '%e(ece!!o%-"n-"n$e%e!$ o# &ll $he 'l&"n$"##! "n

$he c&!e. The co,'l&"n$ "n C"+"l C&!e No5 02:0 &! &,en(e( $o "ncl(e &ll$he he"%! o# C&n("(o P"l"5 $he &llee( one% o# $he one '&%cel o# l&n((e!c%")e( "n $he co,'l&"n$ &n( $he co,,on '%e(ece!!o%-"n-"n$e%e!$ o# &ll $he'l&"n$"##! "n $he c&!e.

In $ho!e $h%ee c&!e!5 "n $he co%$ )elo5 he%e"n &''ell&n$ J. M. T&!on Co.5Inc. 9(e#en(&n$ $he%e"n< #"le( & ,o$"on $o ("!,"!! 'on $he '%"nc"'&l %on(6$h&$ $he c&!e o# &c$"on 9&!!,"n $he%e "! one< "! )&%%e( )* '%"o% 7(,en$5o% )* $he !$&$$e o# l","$&$"on.6 In "$! ,o$"on $o ("!,"!! J. M. T&!on Co.5Inc. con$en(e( $h&$ $he (ec"!"on o# $he S'%e,e Co%$ "n $he Alc&n$&%& c&!e"! & )&% $o $he &c$"on o# $he 'l&"n$"##! "n C"+"l C&!e! No! 02:15 02:: &n( 02:0

o# $he Co%$ o# F"%!$ In!$&nce o# R"@&l. The loe% co%$5 hoe+e%5 (en"e( $he,o$"on $o ("!,"!!. In "$! &n!e% $o $he co,'l&"n$ "n e&ch o# $he!e $h%eec&!e!5 J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc. !e$ ' &! #"%,&$"+e (e#en!e! $he +e%*%on(! o# "$! ,o$"on $o ("!,"!!5 A#$e% $he 'l&"n$"##! h&( clo!e( $he"% ("%ec$e+"(ence5 J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc. #"le( &no$he% ,o$"on $o ("!,"!! 'on $he%on( $h&$ $he &c$"on &! )&%%e( )* $he !$&$$e o# l","$&$"on! &n( )* & '%"o%7(,en$5 &n( $h&$ $he 'l&"n$"##! h&( no$ '%e!en$e( e+"(ence $o '%o+e $he"%cl&", o# one%!h"'. Th"! !econ( ,o$"on $o ("!,"!! &! &l!o (en"e( )* $heloe% co%$ 4

In "$! (ec"!"on5 h"ch "! no on &''e&l )e#o%e $h"! Co%$5 $he loe% co%$ hel(

$h&$ $he (ec"!"on "n $he Alc&n$&%& c&!e &! no$ & )&% $o $he &c$"on "n $he!e$h%ee c&!e!5 %l"n $h&$ $he%e "! no "(en$"$*5 o# $he '&%$"e!5 o# $he !)7ec$,&$$e%5 &n( o# $he c&!e o# &c$"on5 )e$een C"+"l C&!e No. - 125 on $he oneh&n(5 &n( C"+"l C&!e! No!. 02:15 02::5 &n( 02:05 on $he o$he%.

I$ "! no con$en(e( )* &''ell&n$ J. M. T&!on Co. Inc.5 "n $he '%e!en$&''e&l5 $h&$ 6$he $%"&l co%$ e%%e( "n no$ ("!,"!!"n $he!e c&!e! on $he%on( o# %e! 7("c&$& &n( "n (en*"n $he ,o$"on $o ("!,"!! #"le( on !&"(


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Doe! $he 7(,en$ "n $he o%e,en$"one( Alc&n$&%& c&!e o'e%&$e &! & )&% $o$he &c$"on o# $he &''ellee! "n $he $h%ee c&!e! &$ )&%

"n o%(e% $h&$ $he %le o# %e! 7("c&$& ,&* &''l*5 $he #ollo"n %e"!"$e! ,!$)e '%e!en$ 9&< $he #o%,e% 7(,en$ ,!$ )e #"n&l; 9)< "$ ,!$ h&+e )een%en(e%e( )* & co%$ h&+"n 7 %"!("c$"on o# $he !)7ec$-,&$$e% &n( o# $he'&%$"e!; 9c< "$ ,!$ )e & 7(,en$ on $he ,e%"$!; &n( 9(< $he%e ,!$ )e5)e$een $he #"%!$ &n( $he !econ( &c$"on!5 "(en$"$* o# '&%$"e!5 o#!)7ec$,&$$e%5 &n( o# c&!e o# &c$"on 9S&n D"eo +! C&%(on&5 / Ph"l. :1-:0


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U! $h&$ "n C"+"l C&!e No. 12 &n( "n $he $h%ee c&!e! &$ )&%5 $he o)7ec$ o%'%'o!e o# $he 'l&"n$"##! "! $o %eco+e% $he one%!h"' &n( 'o!!e!!"on o# $he!&,e '&%cel! o# l&n(.

A! #&% &! $he '&%$"e! &%e conce%ne(5 =e #"n( $h&$ $he%e "! no e8&c$ "(en$"$* o#

'&%$"e! )e$een C"+"l C&!e No. - 125 on $he one h&n(5 &n( C"+"l C&!e! No!.02:15 02:: &n( 02:05 on $he o$he%. I$ &''e&%! $h&$ o# $he 'l&"n$"##! "n C"+"lC&!e! No!. 02:15 02:: &n( 02:0 onl* El"&! Ben"n5 Jo!e Alc&n$&%& &n( P&!c&lP"l" e%e 'l&"n$"##! "n C"+"l C&!e No. - 12. In C"+"l C&!e No. 125 $he(e#en(&n$! e%e M&%"&no T&!on * (e l& P&@5 >e"%! o# M&%"&no T&!on5 J. M.T&!on Co.5 Inc. &n( G%eo%"o A%&ne$&5 Inc.; h"le "n C"+"l C&!e! No!. 02:1502:: &n( 02:0 $he (e#en(&n$! e%e M&%"&no Se+e%o5 Te%e!& E%")e%$&5 J&nJo!e5 De,e$%"o A!nc"on5 A!$o >)e%$o5 &ll !%n&,e( T&!on * (e l& P&@9$he 'e%!on! &''e&%"n &! %e"!$e%e( one%! "n O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$leNo. / 0


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In C"+"l C&!e No. 02:0 $he o%""n&l 'l&"n$"##! e%e P&!c&l P"l" &n( L"!& P"l". In$he &,en(e( co,'l&"n$5 "$ &! &llee( $h&$ L"!& P"l" &n( P&!c&l P"l" h&( $o)%o$he%! ho e%e &l%e&(* (e&(5 n&,el*5 D"eo P"l" &n( M&nel P"l" !o $he*e%e !)!$"$$e( )* $he"% he"%!. L"!& P"l" ("e(5 &n( !he &! !)!$"$$e( )*

he% he"%!5 !ch $h&$ &! o# $he $",e C"+"l C&!e No. 02:0 &! (ec"(e(5 $he'l&"n$"##! e%e 91< $he he"%! o# D"eo P"l"; 9:< $he he"%! o# M&nel P"l"; 90< $hehe"%! o# L"!& P"l"5 &n( 94< P&!c&l P"l".

I$ ol( $h! &''e&% $h&$ o# $he 'l&"n$"##! "n C"+"l C&!e No. 02:1 El"&! Ben"n "!$he onl* one ho &! & 'l&"n$"## "n C"+"l C&!e No. -125 o# $he 'l&"n$"##! "nC"+"l C&!e No. 02:: Jo!e E. Alc&n$&%&5 ho "! !$"ll l"+"n5 "! $he onl* one ho&! & 'l&"n$"## "n C"+"l C&!e No. -1 2; o# $he 'l&"n$"##! "n C"+"l C&!e No. 02:0P&!c&l P"l"5 ho "! !$"ll l"+"n5 "! $he onl* one ho &! & 'l&"n$"## "n C"+"l C&!eNo. -1 2.

I$ )e"n O% #"n("n $h&$ $he 7(,en$ "n C"+"l C&!e No. - 12 9G.R. No.L43 - $he Alc&n$&%& c&!e< "! & #"n&l 7(,en$ on $he ,e%"$! $h&$ &!%en(e%e( )* & co%$ $h&$ h&( 7%"!("c$"on o+e% $he !)7ec$ ,&$$e% &n( o+e%$he '&%$"e!5 &n( $h&$ $he%e "! "(en$"$* o# !)7ec$ ,&$$e% &n( c&!e o# &c$"on)e$een C"+"l C&!e No. -1 25 on $he one h&n(5 &n( C"+"l C&!e! No!. 02:1502::5 &n( 02:05 on $he o$he%5 &n( "$ &''e&%"n $h&$ El"&! Ben"n "! & '&%$*'l&"n$"## )o$h "n C"+"l C&!e -12 &n( C"+"l C&!e No. 02:15 $h&$ Jo!e Alc&n$&%&"! & '&%$*-'l&"n$"## "n )o$h C"+"l C&!e No. -12 &n( C"+"l C&!e No. 02::; $h&$P&!c&l P"l" "! & '&%$*-'l&"n$"## "n )o$h C"+"l C&!e No. -12 &n( C"+"l C&!e No.02:0; &n( $h&$ $he (e#en(&n$! "n C"+"l C&!e No. -12 &n( "n C"+"l C&!e! No!.02:15 02:: &n( 02:0 &%e '%&c$"c&ll* $he !&,e 'e%!on! &n(Ho% en$"$"e!5 =e

hol( $h&$ $he (oc$%"ne o# )&% )* & '%e+"o! 7(,en$ o% %e! &(7("c&$&!&%el* &''l"e! $o El"&! Ben"n5 o% $o h"! he"%! &n( !cce!!o%!-"n-"n$e%e!$ "nC"+"l C&!e No. 02: 1; $o Jo!e Alc&n$&%& &n( h"! he"%! o% !cce!!o%!-"n-"n$e%e!$"n C"+"l C&!e No. 02::; &n( $o P&!c&l P"l" &n( h"! he"%! o% !cce!!o%!-"n-"n$e%e!$ "n C"+"l C&!e No. 02:0.0

=e no con!"(e% $he c&!e o# $he o$he% 'l&"n$"##! "n C"+"l C&!e! No!. 02:1502:: &n( 02:0.

I$ "ll )e no$e( $h&$ "n C"+"l C&!e No. 02:1 $he 'l&"n$"##! )&!e $he"% cl&", o#one%!h"' o# $he $h%ee '&%cel! o# l&n( (e!c%")e( "n $he co,'l&"n$ on $he"%

)e"n he"%! o% !cce!!o%!-"n-"n$e%e!$ o# S"8$o Ben"n ho ("e( "n 102. In C"+"lC&!e No. 02:: $he 'l&"n$"##! )&!e $he"% cl&", o# one%!h"' o+e% $he $o'&%cel! o# l&n( (e!c%")e( "n $he"% co,'l&"n$ on $he"% )e"n $he he"%! &n(!cce!!o%!-"n-"n$e%e!$ o# Bono!o Alc&n$&%& ho ("e( "n 104. In C"+"l C&!eNo. 02:0 $he 'l&"n$"##! )&!e $he"% cl&", o# one%!h"' o# $he one '&%cel o# l&n((e!c%")e( "n $he"% co,'l&"n$ on $he"% )e"n $he he"%! &n( !cce!!o%!-"n-"n$e%e!$ o# C&n("(o P"l" ho ("e( "n 101.


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=hen Jo!e Alc&n$&%&5 El"&! Ben"n &n( P&!c&l P"l"5 &llee( "n $he"% co,'l&"n$"n C"+"l C&!e No. -1 2 9h"ch &! #"le( "n 1< $h&$ $he* e%e $he one%!o# $he '&%cel! o# l&n( !'ec"#"e( "n $he"% co,'l&"n$5 h&+"n "nhe%"$e( $he !&,e#%o, $he"% &nce!$o%! &n( h&( )een "n 'o!!e!!"on o# $he !&,e #%o, $",e",,e,o%"&l5 e&ch &! cl&","n & %"h$ &! &n he"% o# Bono!o Alc&n$&%&5 S"8$o

Ben"n5 &n( C&n("(o P"l"5 %e!'ec$"+el*. S","l&%l*5 "n C"+"l C&!e! No!. 02:15 02::&n( 02:05 $he !o%ce o# $he %"h$! cl&",e( )* $he 'l&"n$"##! Jo!e Alc&n$&%&5El"&! Ben"n &n( P&!c&l P"l" &n( &ll $he o$he% 'l&"n$"##! e%e $he"% %e!'ec$"+e&nce!$o%5 o% '%e(ece!!o% "n-"n$e%e!$5 n&,el* Bono!o Alc&n$&%&5 S"8$o Ben"n&n( C&n("(o P"l"5 &! $he c&!e ,&* )e.

In&!,ch &! S"8$o Ben"n ("e( "n 1025 Bono!o Alc&n$&%& ("e( "n 1045 &n(C&n("(o P"l" ("e( "n 1015 "$ "! o)+"o! $h&$ (%"n &ll $he $",e hen $he%e"!$%&$"on '%ocee("n! "n LRC No. /231 e%e $&?"n 'l&ce )e#o%e $he Co%$o# L&n( Re"!$%&$"on5 h"ch cl,"n&$e( "n $he "!!&nce o# O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$eo# T"$le No. /0 on Jl* 351145 S"8$o Ben"n5 Bono!o Alc&n$&%&5 &n( C&n("(o

P"l" e%e l"+"n. The %eco%(! !ho $h&$ no one o# $he!e $h%ee 'e%!on!5 o% $he"%%e'%e!en$&$"+e5 h&( #"le( &n* o''o!"$"on $o $he &''l"c&$"on #o% %e"!$%&$"on "n!&"( LRC /2315 no% ("( &n* one o# $he,5 o% $he"% %e'%e!en$&$"+e5 #"le &n*'e$"$"on #o% %e+"e o# $he Dec%ee o# Re"!$%&$"on No. 1/401 $h&$ &! "!!e( "n!&"( LRC No. /231.

I$ "! O% +"e5 $he%e#o%e5 $h&$ $he (ec"!"on o# $h"! Co%$5 "n G.R. No. L-435h"ch #"%,e( $he o%(e% o# $he Co%$ o# F"%!$ In!$&nce o# R"@&l ("!,"!!"n $heco,'l&"n$ o# Jo!e Alc&n$&%&5 El"&! Ben"n &n( P&!c&l P"l" 9&lon "$h #o%o$he% 'l&"n$"##!< "n C"+"l C&!e No. - 12 !hol( &''l* no$ onl* &&"n!$ $hehe"%!5 o# El"&! Ben"n5 &&"n!$ Jo!e Alc&n$&%&5 &n( &&"n!$ P&!c&l P"l"5 &!

'l&"n$"##! "n C"+"l C&!e! No!. 02:15 02:: &n( 02:05 %e!'ec$"+el*5 )$ &l!o&&"n!$ &ll $he o$he% 'l&"n$"##! "n $ho!e c&!e!. =e #"n( $h&$ $he 'l&"n$"##! "nC"+"l C&!e No. 02:1 (o no$ cl&", & %"h$ h"ch "! ("##e%en$ #%o, $h&$ cl&",e()* El"&! Ben"n "n C"+"l C&!e No. -12. L"?e"!e5 $he 'l&"n$"##! "n C"+"l C&!eNo. 02:: (o no$ cl&", & %"h$ ("##e%en$ #%o, $h&$ cl&",e( )* Jo!e Alc&n$&%& "nC"+"l C&!e No. -12. An(5 &l!o5 $he 'l&"n$"##! "n C"+"l C&!e No. 02:0 (o no$cl&", & %"h$ ("##e%en$ #%o, $h&$ cl&",e( )* P&!c&l P"l" "n C"+"l C&!e No. -12. The* &ll cl&", $he !&,e %"h$5 )&!e( on $he &llee( one%!h"' o# $he"%%e!'ec$"+e co,,on '%e(ece!!o%"n-"n$e%e!$ "n C"+"l C&!e No. 02:1 $heco,,on '%e(ece!!o%-"n-"n$e%e!$ )e"n S"8$o Ben"n; "n C"+"l C&!e No. 02:: $heco,,on '%e(ece!!o%-"n-"n$e%e!$ )e"n Bono!o Alc&n$&%&; &n( "n C"+"l C&!e

No. 02:0 $he co,,on '%e(ece!!o%-"n-"n$e%e!$ )e"n C&n("(o P"l". In C"+"lC&!e No. -1 2 El"&! Ben"n )&!e( h"! cl&", o# one%!h"' 'on $heone%!h"' o# h"! '%e(ece!!o%-"n-"n$e%e!$ ho nece!!&%"l* ,!$ )e S"8$oBen"n; Jo!e Alc&n$&%&5 'on $he one%!h"' o# h"! '%e(ece!!o%-"n-"n$e%e!$ honece!!&%"l* ,!$ )e Bono!o Alc&n$&%&;

&n( P&!c&l P"l"5 'on $he one%!h"' o# h"! '%e(ece!!o%-"n-"n$e%e!$ honece!!&%"l* ,!$ )e C&n("(o P"l". I$ #ollo!5 $he%e#o%e5 $h&$ $he (ec"!"on o#


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$h"! Co%$ "n G.R. No. L-43 9C"+"l C&!e No. -125 h"ch hel( n$en&)le $hec&!e o# &c$"on o# $he !cce!!o%!"n-"n$e%e!$5 o# S"8$o Ben"n5 o# Bono!oAlc&n$&%& &n( o# C&n("(o P"l"5 $o %eco+e% $he one%!h"' &n( 'o!!e!!"on o#&n* l&n( co+e%e( )* O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /05 ol( &l!o #o%eclo!e& !","l&% c&!e o# &c$"on o# &ll o$he% 'e%!on! ho cl&", $o )e !cce!!o%!-"n-

"n$e%e!$ o# S"8$o Ben"n5 o# Bono!o Alc&n$&%& &n( o# C&n("(o P"l" o+e% &n* l&n(co+e%e( )* !&"( ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le. A! =e h&+e &(+e%$e( $o5 S"8$o Ben"n ("e("n 1025 Bono!o Alc&n$&%& ("e( "n 1045 &n( C&n("(o P"l" ("e( "n 101. The!e$h%ee '%e(ece!!o%!-"n-"n$e%e!$ o# $he &''ellee! ("e( lon $e% $he "!!&nceo# O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /05 h"ch $oo? 'l&ce on Jl* 35114.

An( !o5 e+en "# $he%e &%e 'l&"n$"##! 9no &''ellee!< "n $he!e $h%ee c&!e! ho&%e no$ '%"+"e! $o 'l&"n$"##! Jo!e Alc&n$&%&5 El"&! Ben"n5 &n( P&!c&l P"l" "n C"+"lC&!e No. - 1 2 9G. R. No. L-43 - $he Alc&n$&%& c&!e< &n( e%e no$ '&%$"e!"n $h&$ c&!e5 !$"ll $he %l"n o# $h"! Co%$ "n $h&$ #o%,e% c&!e5 $o $he e##ec$ $h&$$he%e"n 'l&"n$"##! o% $he"% '%e(ece!!o%!-"n-"n$e%e!$ e%e )on( )* $he

'%ocee("n! "n $he %e"!$%&$"on co%$ h"ch cl,"n&$e( "n $he "!!&nce o#O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /05 hol(! &n( &''l"e! $o $ho!e 'l&"n$"##! "n$he!e $h%ee c&!e!5 )ec&!e $he cl&", o# one%!h"' o# $he!e 'l&"n$"##! "! )&!e(on $he !&,e '%e(ece!!o%!"n-"n$e%e!$ o# 'l&"n$"##! Jo!e Alc&n$&%&5 El"&! Ben"n&n( P&!c&l P"l" "n !&"( C"+"l C&!e No. -1 2.4 I$ ,&* ell )e !&"( $h&$ $he"n$e%e!$! o# $he &''ellee! "n G.R. No. L-:21:/ 9C"+"l C&!e No. 02:1< ho cl&",%"h$! &! he"%! o% !cce!!o%!"n-"n$e%e!$ o# S"8$o Ben"n e%e %e'%e!en$e( )*El"&! Ben"n "n C"+"l C&!e No. -1 2 9GR- No. L-43


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he% co-'l&"n$"##! c&,e $o ?no $h&$ J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc. h&( '%e+"o!l*#"le( "n $he Co%$ o# F"%!$ In!$&nce o# e@on C"$* C"+"l C&!e No. -:/ #o%6"e$"n o# $"$le &n( %eco+e%* o# 'o!!e!!"on6 &&"n!$ #"+e o# $he ch"l(%en o#I!&"&! S&n$"&o "n+ol+"n $he '&%cel o# l&n( o# h"ch $he* e%e co-one%!;$h&$ J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc. h&( cl&",e( $h&$ '&%cel $o )e '&%$ o# $he l&n(

co+e%e( )* "$! T%&n!#e% Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. 11; $h&$ $he 7(,en$ "n C"+"lC&!e No. -:/; "n h"ch $he* 9Al)"n& S&n$"&o5 e$ &l.< e%e ne+e% ",'le&(e(&! '&%$"e!5 h&( &l%e&(* )eco,e #"n&l/; $h&$ J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc. h&(e8ec$e( $he 7(,en$ &&"n!$ $he,5 e8cl("n &n( o!$"n $he, #%o, $heen7o*,en$ &n( 'o!!e!!"on o# $he l&n(. Al)"n& &n( he% co-'l&"n$"##! &l!o&llee( $h&$ T%&n!#e% Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. 11 90/2/< o# J. M. T&!on Co.5Inc.5 &! ell &! O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. /0 #%o, h"ch $he #o%,e% &!(e%"+e(5 ("( no$ "ncl(e $he '&%cel cl&",e( )* $he, $h&$ e+en %&n$"n $h&$T%&n!#e% Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. 11 "ncl(e( $he '&%cel cl&",e( )* $he, $he"ncl!"on o# $h&$ '&%cel "n $he ce%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le o# J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc. &!(one $h%oh #%&( )ec&!e $he*5 no% $he"% '%e(ece!!o%!5 e%e no$ &c$&ll*

no$"#"e( o# $he %e"!$%&$"on '%ocee("n!. A! %on( #o% c&ncell&$"on o# $hece%$"#"c&$e o# $"$le o# J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc. Al)"n& S&n$"&o &n( he% co-'l&"n$"##! #%$he% &llee( $h&$ $he $echn"c&l (e!c%"'$"on "n O%""n&l Ce%$"#"c&$eo# T"$le No. /0 h&( )een #&l!"#"e( $o "ncl(e &%e&! ne+e% )%oh$ "$h"n $he7%"!("c$"on o# $he L&n( Re"!$%&$"on Co%$5 !"nce $he* e%e &%e&! no$"ncl(e( "n $he &''l"c&$"on &n( ')l"c&$"on "n $he %e"!$%&$"on '%ocee("n!;$h&$ lon )e#o%e $he '%e(ece!!o%! o# J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc. &''l"e( #o%5 &n(!ec%e(5 %e"!$%&$"on o# $he l&n( h"ch "ncl(e( $he"% '&%cel o# l&n( $he* h&(&l%e&(* &c"%e( one%!h"' $he%eo# no$ onl* )* $he (oc,en$5 Anne8 A o#$he"% co,'l&"n$5 )$ &l!o )* &c"!"$"+e '%e!c%"'$"on. Al)"n& S&n$"&o &n( he%co-'l&"n$"##! '%&*e(5 $h&$ J. M. T&!on Co.5 Inc. )e o%(e%e( $o (e!"!$ #%o,

en#o%c"n C"+"l C&!e No. -:/ &&"n!$ ("e,; $h&$ & %e!%+e* )e o%(e%e( $o(e$e%,"ne he$he% o% no$ T%&n!#e% Ce%$"#"c&$e o# T"$le No. 11 90/2/

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