bellwork 1.what is genocide? 2.what racial, ethnic, or cultural groups have been subjected to...
TRANSCRIPT
BELLWORK1. What is genocide?
2. What racial, ethnic, or cultural groups have been subjected to genocide in the past or in the present?
THINKER:
1. What steps could a country take to eliminate genocide?
2. Should the U.S. help other countries that are experiencing genocide?
• “Once I really am in power, my first and foremost task will be the annihilation of the Jews. . . until all Germany has completely been cleansed of Jews.”
–Adolf Hitler
Nazi Creed • Nazism focused on the beliefs of Adolf Hitler.• These beliefs were outlined in his book, Mein Kampf • You will now read summaries of Hitler’s main points in this
autobiography.• Be ready to discuss the following questions:
1. How does Hitler view the “German Master Race?” What are they allowed to do?
2. Why are Jews considered inferior?
3. What does Hitler think about Democracy?
4. How will Hitler use propaganda?
5. What tactics/emotions does Hitler use to control the masses?
Anti-Semitism• Aryans > Semites • When Hitler became leader in 1933, he made anti-Semitism
(discrimination directed at Jews) the official policy of Germany.
• This hatred led to the Holocaust: Nazi Germany’s mass murder of European Jews.
• Included Jews, gypsies, homosexuals, disabled, mentally challenged, communists, homeless, and dissenters.
• Enforced by the Gestapo: Nazi secret police• Nuremburg Laws: 1935 series of anti-Semitic laws; defined
the targeted races
Kristallnacht• “Night of the
Broken Glass”
• November 9, 1938: Nazi thugs in Germany and Austria destroyed Jewish stores, houses and synagogues.
Warsaw ghetto
• Nazi plans for dealing with Jews included establishment of ghettos: areas in which minority groups are concentrated.
• Nazis took 30% of Warsaw’s pop. and sealed them off in the Warsaw ghetto.
• Ghettos were surrounded with walls barbed wire.
Concentration Camps
Concentration Camps
1. Labor Camps
2. Transit and Collection Camps
3. POW Camps
4. Education Camps
5. Hostage Camps
6. Extermination/Death Camps
German Jewish Family before the war- only two survived the Holocaust
A sign, in both German and Latvian, warning that people attempting to cross the fence or to contact inhabitants of the
Riga ghetto will be shot. Riga, Latvia, 1941-1943.
Deportation of Jewish children from an orphanage. Lodz ghetto, Poland.
Jews move into the Kovno ghetto. Lithuania, 1941.
Child forced laborer in a ghetto factory.
Kovno, Lithuania, between 1941 and 1944
• A child eats in the streets of the Warsaw ghetto. Warsaw, Poland.
Children eating in the ghetto streets. Warsaw, Poland.
A Jewish victim of life in a concentration camp
Mass grave of Holocaust victims
• Once the people were killed, they were cremated in large furnaces like this one
Auschwitz
Auschwitz• 3 million died here by systematic starvation, forced
labor, lack of disease control, individual executions, and "medical experiments".
• Camp was divided into three parts: – Auschwitz I – administration
– Auschwitz II – extermination camp
– Auschwitz III – labor camp
• Soviet troops liberated the camp on January 27, 1945, which came to be known as Holocaust Remembrance day.
Medical Experimentations
Allied Help• Witold Pilecki: Polish army captain who agreed to spend 945
days in Auschwitz.• He gathered evidence of genocide and sent it to Britain. • Two prisoners, Rudolf Vrba and Alfred Wetzler, escaped and
gave a detailed report about the camp.• Convinced Allied leaders about the truth of Auschwitz.
Birkenau Revolt• On October 7, 1944, the Jewish
Sonderkommandos of Auschwitz II staged an uprising.
• They attacked prison guards and blew up the Crematorium IV.
• Joined by other inmates who overpowered guards and broke out of the
compound.
Liberation of Auschwitz• In November 1945, generals ordered the
crematoriums to be destroyed before the Red Army reached Auschwitz.
• Gas chambers were blown up to hide evidence of German crimes.
• The Death March: there were 60,000 prisoners left in Auschwitz. Forced them to walk to Loslau, another Polish concentration camp.
• 15,000 died on the way, but eventually Soviet forces infiltrated all camps.
Holocaust Comes to an End
• In 1944, FDR created War Refugee Board (WRB): programs and funding to help rescue Jews
• Nazis began abandoning camps for fear of Allied advances.
• In 1945, American armies reached the concentration camps.
• Nuremburg Trials: Former Nazi leaders on trial for crimes against peace, crimes against humanity, and war crimes.
• 24 Nazi defendants – 12 executed
Total Deaths: 9-11 Million
Holocaust FactsJewish PopulationGreek OriginMaria MandelAmount of Z-klon BNazi EscapeGrave DiscoveryBerlin OlympicsChocolate
Where was America?• Did Americans know the Holocaust was happening?
If so, why didn’t they do anything earlier? Why did they wait so long to help?
• Similar stories during WWI
• Thought it was an exaggeration
• Major news sources downplayed its importance – New York Times reported the victims as “refugees” – Were timid about mixed Jewish – German readership– Never highlighted its importance
CLOSURE• What fact/term/concept/idea about the
Holocaust sticks out the most to you? Explain!
• Many German citizens knew about the Holocaust as it was happening but chose to do nothing. Do you think this makes them just as guilty? – What could they have done to help? – What might have happened if they decided to speak
out against the government?
Discussion Questions
• What is propaganda? Why is it used?
• What characteristics make up good/effective propaganda?
• What did people use propaganda for during WWII?
“Mercilessly, we will humiliate and destroy the enemy.” “The Motherland is calling!”
“One people, one
Reich, One leader!”Yankees, Englishmen, and Bolsheviks
all dance to the flute of the Jew.
WWII Propaganda Project
Next Week’s Break Down…• Monday (3/14):
– Propaganda Project work time (only in-class time)
• Wednesday (3/16): – Propaganda project due– 1st hour: WWII Jeopardy Review– 2nd hour: Video: “Boy in the Striped Pajamas” – Quarter 3 Grades due!
• Friday (3/18): – Unit 6 Study Guide due– Unit 6 Exam– Finish Video: “Boy in the Striped Pajamas”– There will be a sub on this day!
• SPRING BREAK!!!