bellringer name 2 inventors and their inventions that will be discussed in this section

BellringerBellringer

Name 2 inventors and their Name 2 inventors and their inventions that will be inventions that will be

discussed in this section.discussed in this section.

Chapter 13Chapter 13Mass Society and DemocracyMass Society and Democracy

Section 1Section 1The Growth of Industrial The Growth of Industrial

ProsperityProsperity

The Second Industrial RevolutionThe Second Industrial Revolution

The new industrial frontiers of the 1800s:The new industrial frontiers of the 1800s:– SteelSteel– ChemicalsChemicals– ElectricityElectricity– Oil Oil

New ProductsNew Products

Between 1870 and 1914 steel replaced Between 1870 and 1914 steel replaced iron.iron.

New methods for shaping steel made it New methods for shaping steel made it possible to build lighter, smaller, and faster possible to build lighter, smaller, and faster machines, engines, railroads, and more.machines, engines, railroads, and more.


By 1913 Great Britain, By 1913 Great Britain, France, Belgium, and France, Belgium, and Germany were Germany were producing an producing an

astounding astounding 3232 tons tons of steel a year.of steel a year.


The new energy from The new energy from electricity was electricity was valuable because it valuable because it was convertible into was convertible into heat, light, and heat, light, and motion.motion.


By 1910 hydroelectric By 1910 hydroelectric power stations and power stations and coal-fired steam coal-fired steam generating plants generating plants allowed houses and allowed houses and factories to have a factories to have a single, common single, common power source.power source.

Early European plantEarly European plant

Inventors Using ElectricityInventors Using Electricity

Thomas EdisonThomas Edison Light BulbLight Bulb


Alexander Graham Alexander Graham BellBell

Telephone - 1876Telephone - 1876


Guglielmo MarconiGuglielmo Marconi First radio waves First radio waves across the Atlantic - across the Atlantic - 19011901

Streetcars & SubwaysStreetcars & Subways

By the 1880s streetcars and subways powered By the 1880s streetcars and subways powered by electricity appeared in European cities.by electricity appeared in European cities.

11stst streetcar in Europe streetcar in Europe

Internal Combustion EngineInternal Combustion Engine

The development of the internal The development of the internal combustion engine provided a new power combustion engine provided a new power source for transportation and new kinds of source for transportation and new kinds of transportation:transportation:

What kind of transportation you ask???What kind of transportation you ask???– Ocean linersOcean liners– AirplanesAirplanes– AutomobileAutomobile

Orville & Wilbur WrightOrville & Wilbur Wright

The Wright BrothersThe Wright Brothers

New PatternsNew Patterns

Increased sales of manufactured goods Increased sales of manufactured goods caused industrial production to grow.caused industrial production to grow.

Wages increased after 1870. .

Reduced transportation costs caused Reduced transportation costs caused prices to fall.prices to fall.

Urban department stores put many Urban department stores put many consumer goods up for sale.consumer goods up for sale.


Some European Some European countries did not countries did not benefit from the benefit from the Second Second Industrial Industrial Revolution.Revolution.Great Britain, Great Britain, the Netherlands, the Netherlands, Belguim, Belguim, France, among France, among others had a others had a high standard of high standard of living.living.

BritishNetherlands

BelgiumFrance


Spain, Portugal, Spain, Portugal, Russia, Austria-Russia, Austria-Hungary, the Balkans, Hungary, the Balkans, and southern Italy and southern Italy were agricultural and were agricultural and much less wealthy.much less wealthy.

They provided the They provided the industrialized nations industrialized nations with food and raw with food and raw materials.materials.

Toward a World EconomyToward a World Economy

There developed a There developed a true world economy in true world economy in Europe.Europe.

Goods came InGoods came In

Capital invested Capital invested abroadabroad

Organizing the Working ClassesOrganizing the Working Classes

Industrial workers formed socialist political Industrial workers formed socialist political parties and unions to improve their working parties and unions to improve their working conditions.conditions.

Karl MarxKarl Marx

Karl Marx developed Karl Marx developed the theory socialism the theory socialism was based on.was based on.

1848 – 1848 – The The Communist ManifestoCommunist Manifesto

The Communist ManifestoThe Communist Manifesto

Spoke out against Spoke out against industrial working industrial working conditions and blamed conditions and blamed capitalism.capitalism.

Proposed a new social Proposed a new social system.system.

One form was called One form was called CommunismCommunism..

Karl Marx Beliefs on IndustryKarl Marx Beliefs on Industry

World history was a history of class World history was a history of class struggle b/w oppressing owners and struggle b/w oppressing owners and oppressed workers.oppressed workers.

Oppressors controlled politics and gov’t.Oppressors controlled politics and gov’t.

Gov’t is an instrument of the ruling class. Gov’t is an instrument of the ruling class.

Karl Marx Beliefs on SocietyKarl Marx Beliefs on Society

Believed that society was divided b/w the Believed that society was divided b/w the bourgeoisie (middle-class opressors) and the bourgeoisie (middle-class opressors) and the proletariat (working-class oppressed), each proletariat (working-class oppressed), each hostile toward the other.hostile toward the other.

Predicted the conflict would result in a revolution Predicted the conflict would result in a revolution in which the proletariat would violently overthrow in which the proletariat would violently overthrow the bourgeoisie and form dictatorship.the bourgeoisie and form dictatorship.

The revolution would produce a society w/o The revolution would produce a society w/o classes and class conflict.classes and class conflict.

Socialist PartiesSocialist Parties

German Social Democratic Party (SPD), 1875, German Social Democratic Party (SPD), 1875, was the most important working class party.was the most important working class party.

Worked to pass laws for improving conditions of Worked to pass laws for improving conditions of the working classthe working class

Became Germany’s largest party in 1912 and Became Germany’s largest party in 1912 and received 4 million votes.received 4 million votes.

Socialist PartiesSocialist Parties

Emerged in Europe as well.Emerged in Europe as well.

1889 various leaders formed the Second 1889 various leaders formed the Second International.International.

Dedicated to fight worldwide capitalism.Dedicated to fight worldwide capitalism.

Division of MarxistsDivision of Marxists

Pure Marxist looked to overthrow Pure Marxist looked to overthrow capitalism violently.capitalism violently.

Other Marxists, Other Marxists, revisionistsrevisionists, rejected the , rejected the revolutionary program and argued to work revolutionary program and argued to work with other parties for reforms.with other parties for reforms.

Democratic rights would help workers Democratic rights would help workers achieve their goals.achieve their goals.

Trade UnionsTrade Unions

Trade unions worked for evolutionary, Trade unions worked for evolutionary, not not revolutionaryrevolutionary, change., change.

1870s – Great Britain unions won the right to strike.1870s – Great Britain unions won the right to strike.

Trade Union workers used the strike to achieve their Trade Union workers used the strike to achieve their goals.goals.

Trade UnionsTrade Unions

By 1900 two million workers were in British By 1900 two million workers were in British trade unions. By 1914 there were four trade unions. By 1914 there were four million, and trade unions had made great million, and trade unions had made great progress toward improving conditions.progress toward improving conditions.

ReviewReview

1. What were the new frontiers of the 1. What were the new frontiers of the 1800s?1800s?

2. Who invented the following?2. Who invented the following?– TelephoneTelephone– LightbulbLightbulb– Radio waves across the AtlanticRadio waves across the Atlantic– AirplaneAirplane

Review ctd…Review ctd…

3. Leader of the Socialist movement?3. Leader of the Socialist movement?

4. Most important socialist working class 4. Most important socialist working class party?party?

End of Section 1End of Section 1

Next: Section 2Next: Section 2The Emergence of Mass The Emergence of Mass

SocietySociety

bellringer name 2 inventors and their inventions that will be discussed in this section

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