belle belle2 - experimentalparticlephysicsepp.phys.kyushu-u.ac.jp/documents/20110701isamu.pdfpd/amp...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Belle Belle2 - ExperimentalParticlePhysicsepp.phys.kyushu-u.ac.jp/documents/20110701isamu.pdfPD/Amp FADC I/O Buffer 16ch / Board Sum 0.2µs 2 MHz 18 bit FPGA Collector FPGA I/O 12ch](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071513/61346a79dfd10f4dd73bb76a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Belle/Belle2
1.Jul.2011
/
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F
x
x
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:
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(1967) – –
( )
CP
τ R , τ R (CP )
N R − N R ∼ ε ε
A. Sakharov (1921-1989)
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Belle/KEKB
![Page 9: Belle Belle2 - ExperimentalParticlePhysicsepp.phys.kyushu-u.ac.jp/documents/20110701isamu.pdfPD/Amp FADC I/O Buffer 16ch / Board Sum 0.2µs 2 MHz 18 bit FPGA Collector FPGA I/O 12ch](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071513/61346a79dfd10f4dd73bb76a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
(1973)
Mixing Matrix
CP
3 6
4 quark (charm) 1974
Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa
d′
s′
b′
=
Vud Vus Vub
Vcd Vcs Vcb
Vtd Vts Vtb
d
s
b
e j n Q N i
b cVcb
W
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Unitarity Triangle ( )
ρ
η
β/φ1
α/φ2
γ/φ3
1
VtdVtb
VcdVcbVcdVcb
VudVub
φ1(β) , 0 CP
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Belle/KEKB
(–2001 )
B CP violation B→J/ΨK0S sin 2φ1 φ1 , 0
(–2010)
Overconstrain CKM triangle (the SM)
NEW physics Fully Leptonic decay B0→τν Lepton Flavour Violation τ→µγ b→s penguin ....
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The KEKB Collider
( ∼50 km)
TRISTAN
Ee−/Ee+ = 8/3.5GeV (Asymmetric)
Ecm = 10.58 GeV ∼ mΥ(4S)
βγ = 0.425
Collider
∼ 3 km
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Luminosity
N = L(luminosity) × σ( ) × t( )
Lpeak = 2.11 × 1034cm−2sec−1= 21.1/nb·sec
∫
Ldt ∼ 1020 fb−1 (711M Υ(4S), )
σ(Υ(4S)) ∼ 1 nb⇒ 20 Hz
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Electron Gun
Positron Target
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Injection Linac
Beam Transport Line
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Positron Kicker
Arc
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SC
ARES
Crab
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The Belle Detector
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The Belle Detector
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The Belle Detector
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Time-Dependent CP Violation
fCPfCP
B0
B0
B0
B0
=Mixing
Mixing
ACP(∆t) ≡Γ(B0(∆t) → fCP) − Γ(B0(∆t) → fCP)
Γ(B0(∆t) → fCP) + Γ(B0(∆t) → fCP)= S sin (∆m∆t) +A cos (∆m∆t)
Indirect CPV (S,A) = (0.65, 0)
∆t (ps)0
0.1
0.2
0.3
-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
Direct CPV (S,A) = (0.8, 0.6)
∆t (ps)0
0.2
0.4
-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
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φ1 by B0→J/ΨK0
ρ
η
β/φ1
α/φ2
γ/φ3
1
VtdVtb
VcdVcbVcdVcb
VudVub
ACP(∆t) ≡Γ(B0(∆t) → J/ΨK0
S) − Γ(B0(∆t) → J/ΨK0
S)
Γ(B0(∆t) → J/ΨK0
S) + Γ(B0(∆t) → J/ΨK0
S)= sin (2φ1) · sin (∆m∆t)
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Experimental Technique
B(B0→J/ΨK0)=8.5×10−4
µµ
ν
π
π
µ−
+
−
K0
+
K+
−D0
J/ΨCP side
Tag side
electron(8 GeV)
Positron
(3.5 GeV)
Y(4S) B
B’B0
B0
∆z ~ 200 µm
- Vertexing
- Flavour
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1) fCP J/ΨK0
(2) Flavor (B0 or B0)
(3) , Propertime ( ∆z = cβγ∆t )
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Belle/KEKB
(–2001 )
B CP violation B→J/ΨK0S sin 2φ1 φ1 , 0
PRL87, 091802 (2001)q.ξf = +1
q.ξf = −11/
N. d
N/d
(∆t)
-8 -4 0 4 80.00
0.10
0.20
∆t (ps)
sin 2φ1 = 0 excluded by more than 6σ
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Belle/KEKB
(–2010)
Overconstrain CKM triangle (the SM)
3φ
2φ
2φ
dm∆
Kε
Kε
sm∆ & dm∆
SLubV
ν τubV
1φsin 2
(excl. at CL > 0.95)
< 01
φsol. w/ cos 2
2φ
1φ
3φ
ρ-0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
η
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
excl
uded
are
a ha
s C
L >
0.9
5
ICHEP 10
CKMf i t t e r
( )
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Belle/KEKB
(–2010)
Overconstrain CKM triangle (the SM)
NEW physics Fully Leptonic decay B0→τν Lepton Flavour Violation τ→µγ b→s penguin ....
B→τν
(GeV)ECLE0 0.5 1
Eve
nts
/ 0.
1 G
eV
0
10
20
30
40
50
B(B→τν) = (1.64±0.39)×10−4
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Belle/KEKB
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KEKB/Belle
2010 6 30
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Belle
http://belle.kek.jp/˜isamun/kaitai/
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New Physics O(1) TeV
Loop B/D/τ O(%)
New Physics Flavor structure
CP Violation phase?
New Physics
New Physics
O(%)
10−8
B/D/τ
upgrade Luminosity
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SuperKEKB Accelerator
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SuperKEKB Target
KEKB
Luminosity × 40
Luminosity × 50
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The SuperKEKB Accelerator
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Luminosity
Luminosity
L =N+N− f
4πσ∗xσ∗yRL
∝I±ξy±
β∗y
Luminosity ,
(I),
beam beam (ξy),
beam (σ∗y =√
β∗y · ε∗y)
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SuperKEKB
KEKB SuperKEKBLER HER LER HER
E 3.5 GeV 8 GeV 4 GeV 7 GeVφ 11 mrad 41.5 mradI 1.6 A 1.2 A 3.6 A 2.6 A
1584 2500ξ 0.13 0.09 0.09 0.08β∗y 1200 mm 5.9 mm 0.27 mm 0.3 mmσ∗y 0.94 µm 0.94 µm 48 nm 62 nmσz 6 mm 6mm 6mm 5mmLpeak 2 × 1034 8 × 1035
AC Power 20 MW 30–40 MW
Luminosity 40
×2
× 1/20
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Luminosity
εx ∝Cqγ
2
2πρ20
∮
BendHds
Lattice/Optics LER HER H Wiggler Dump
SR SR (ρ ) (η )
Wiggler
HER arc
LER arc
Wiggler
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Luminosity
IP β
Beam
IP
Belle IP chamber
Synchrotron Radiation
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Beampipe Beampipe
QCS Magnet Bellows Chember
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Belle2 Detector Upgrade
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The Belle II Collaboration
13 countries/regions, 57 institutes, ∼400 Collaborators, increasing (Jan. 2011)
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4 ns 1 (2 )
Event
Lumi ∼ 800 /nb/sec
100 kHz
Trigger L1 30 kHz / HL 6 kHz
Background
Touschek
Beam-Gas
Radiative Bhabha
Ionizing (1–10 kGy/ )
Non Ionizing (1011–1012 neutrons//cm2)
Event Rate
Process σ(nb) Rate (kHz)Υ(4S) 1.2 1qq 2.8 2.2µ+µ− 0.8 0.6τ+τ− 0.8 0.6e+e− 44 35γ-Pair 2.4 2Two-γ 80 64Total 132 ∼100
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Background 10–20
L1 Trigger Rate O(10) kHz 30kHz
10
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The Belle II Detector
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The Belle II Detector
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Vertex Detector
Belle2 Beller Beampipe 1 cm 1.5 cmPixel 2
X L
Strip 4
X
4
Xrmin
G b X
14 mm 20 mmrmax
G X
140 mm 88 mm
17–150 coverage
rmin resolution
rmax K0S→π+π− eff.
Beampipe
(2 ) +
83 mrad (was 22 mrad)
∼1 m ∼20 cm
∼100 W (wall current)
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PXD
DEPFET for ILC adopted to Belle2
Thinning 50 µm (0.2%X0 total)
768
Readout 20µs = 768×100(ns)/4
∼360(20) W⇒ CO2 cooling
Data Rate , O(10) GB/s
occupancy 1–3%
4 Byte/pix × 30 kHz L1 trig rate
Data reduction
online track–hit association
reduction factor 10
r pix size # pix lad. size # lad.1 14 50×55 768×250 70×15 82 22 50×75 768×250 85×15 12
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SVD
4 ( 0.6%X0 total)
6” wafer
3 shapes (2 , 1 )
APV25 ASIC (CMS)
128ch/chip, ∼160 deep analog pipe
32MHzoperation⇒ 5µspipe (L1Latency)
chip on sensor
“Origami”
6.7% occupancy ( )
90 kB/evt⇒ 2.6 GB/s
# strip pitch size # APV # senser
768/768 50/160 38.4×122.8 6+6 16g
768/512 75/240 57.6×122.8 6+4 130
768/512 —/240 —×122.8 6+4 41
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CDC (1)
Belle CDC worked well
keep concept
same structure, same gas, same wire
Increase inner radius
increase Silicon lever arm (K0S→π+π−)
reduce hit rate
Increase Outer Radius
Smaller outer detector (BPID)
more lever arm⇒ better p reso
Adjust cell size for occupancy
AUAVAUAVA configuration
dE/dx readout for PID
∼100µm resolution
55–75 mrad stereo angle
Cell Structure
Belle Belle2inner radius 88mm 168mmouter radius 863mm 1111mm# Layers 50 56# sense wire 8400 14336Gas He:C2H6 = 50:50
Wire (S/F) W(30µmφ) / Al (120µmφ)Cell size 6mm/18mm 10/20 mm
Max. Drift Time 80–300 ns 100–350 ns
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CDC (2)
48ch board
ASD ASIC 8ch/chip
Analog out 10 bit/32 MHz FADC for dE/dx
Logic out (1 ns) TDC in FPGA (250 MHz×4 φ)
Buffer for 5µs
RocketIO for Trigger (62.5 MHz)
RocketIO Bell2Link
20 Layer Test Chamber
Full length chamber
Development on going with Cosmic
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Particle ID
4 GeV K/π 4σ
Threshold Ring-Image Cerenkov
Barrel TOF + ACC forcusing TOP counter
Foward ACC Aerogel RICH
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BPID TOP (1)
Time of Propagation Counter with Focusing
Cherenkov Light from particles
propagate γc with total reflection
Focusing with spherical mirror
record (t, x, y) of each γc, 15–30 γc/event
compare with expectation from tracking
∆t(TOF+TOP) ∼ 30–50 ps (4 GeV), 130–200 ps (2 GeV)
Quartz (Radiator +Mirror +Expansion Volume)
2.6m× 45cm× 2cm × 16
5Å!!
MPC-PMT (32(16×2 ) /Bar)
Waveform Digitization (4GS/s)
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BPID TOP (2)
MCP-PMT
MCP-PMT SL10
MCP with 10 µmφ Pore ( B field)
Gain ∼ 106 (single photon sensitive)
Time Resolution ∼30 ps/photon
SBA Photocathode with protection
5×5 mm2/ch 4×4 readoutσT ∼ 100ps
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FPID ARICH (1)
Proximity Focusing Aerogel Ring-Image Cerenkov Detector
( 25cm⇒ 20cm gap)
Aerogel Radiator
16cm×16cm×2cm×2 , n ∼ 1.05∓∆
”Focus”
(HAPD)
5mm
Single Photon Sensitive @ 1.5T
4σ 4 GeV K/π
σθc =14 mrad (by geometry)
6 p.e. 4σ ⇒∼15 p.e.
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FPID ARICH (2)144ch HAPD
144ch HAPD
12×12× 4.9 mm (72mm)
Gain ∼ 105
Gain ∼1500 @ 8kV APD Gain ∼50 @ 300 V
SBA photocathode Q.E.∼25%
36ch ASIC × 4 digitalNp.e. = 15.3, σθc = 13.5mrad
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ECL (1)
Calorimeter
γ π0
10(50) MeV 10(5) GeV σE mass cut
Hermeticity⇒ ν
Rate resistance
8736 CsI(Tl) Crystals
5.5×5.5×30 cm3
6624(B)+1152(FWD)+960(BWD)
12 ↔ 155
λ =560 nm/τ =1.3 µsec (Slow)
50000 p.e./MeV (stochastic term )
∼100
PIN photodiode 2
The Belle Calorimeter
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ECL (2)
16 Crystal
Sum Shaper
0.5µs
to FAM(Trigger) FINNES on COPPER
FADC I/O BufferPD/Amp
16ch / Board
Sum
0.2µs
2 MHz
18 bit
FPGA
Collector
FPGA
I/O
12ch / Board
WFA
Trigger
Shaping 1µs→ 0.5µs (Scintillation )
18 bit 1.8 MHz ADC
FPGA
Collector Board 12 Shaper/ADC/DSP board
Collector⇔ Backend Belle2 Fiber I/O
Factor ∼7 Background
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ECL (3)
“ ” Prototype
2011 2
FPGA
Trigger Analog sum
Collector
prototype
Collector Board
2009 12
12 ShaperDSP Data
Calibraion
Slow Control
Parameter/Firmware Loading
FiberIO
2nd Prototype
VME Shaper Prototype
Collector Prototype
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KLM (1)
Return Yoke 15 super layer Resistive Plate Chamber
Ar : C4H10 : HFC134a = 30 : 8 : 62
(∼ 5 × 1012Ω ·m)
RPC Recover O( )
+WLS +MPPC
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KLM (2)
T2K ND
Vladimir, 10mm×40mm×2.8m
Y11MCWLS Fiber
Hamamatsu MPPC
1.3mm, 50µm pitch, 667 pixel
15–30 p.e./mip ( )
KLM Test Module
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Trigger (1)
Belle2 Trigger Flow
L1 Rate 30 kHz
HL Trigger ∼ ×0.2
Latency 5µs for SVD
Timing Reso. ∼ 10 ns
Interval 190 ns
Physics Triggers
Three-Tracks (B)
Two-tracks (τ )
Total Energy (B)
Isolated Cluster (B)
Calibration Triggers
e+e−, µ+µ−, γ-pair
Random
Vetos
Beam Injection
Cosmic
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Trigger (2)
Sub Trigger FineCDC 14 64 ×6ECL 15 576×12TOP 8 128×1KLM 5 300×1
42 bit 180 Gbps
Sub Trigger
Fine Info. reserve
Uinversal Trigger Board
RocketIO for Data transfer
big FPGA for Logic
UT3β Board
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DAQ (1)
FPGA, COPPER, PC, Switch, GbE
FrontEnd Backend
Belle MQT + Fastbus TDC
Belle2Link + Belle2HSLB
PXD ( data )
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DAQ (2)
Timing/Trigger distribution
127 MHz system clock (1/4 RF)
5 Trigger pipe
Latency for acknowledge 26.6µs
3.4% DAQ deadtime for 30 kHz
FTSW module
Belle2link
FrontEnd Data Transfer RocketIO/Opt Trigger/Timing reciver (RJ45) JTAG interface (RJ45) FPGA (Vertex5/Spartan6)
Backend (B2HSLB)
RocketIO/Opt (3.125 Gbps)
Belle2link
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SuperKEKB/Belle2 2014 First Beam