Bell Ringer

What 3 countries would join forces to form` the Axis Powers?

EUROPE GOES TO WAR

Hitler Wanted German Expansion

Saw it as a way to boost national pride and return Germany to a dominate position in the world

Believe Germany need more living space – lebnsraum

Looked at eastern Europe and the Soviet Union March 7, 1936 – Germany entered the Rhineland

Region of west Germany the TOV banned the German military from entering

Former base there used to attack France and BelgiumThe allies take no action against this and Hitler

believes the Allies would not enforce any part of the treaty

Hitler Wanted German Expansion

The treaty was not enforced b/c many believed it was to harsh

1936 – Hitler and Mussolini sign an alliance 1938 – Hitler looks at Austria

Hitler’s home countryHitler wanted an Anschlus – political union with

GermanyAustria refuses and Hitler orders the military to enterBritain and France objected Germany’s move

○ Hitler responds by saying it only concerned the German people

German Expansion continued

A few months later Hitler wanted the Sudetenland○ Industrial area of western Czechoslovakia○ Heavy German population○ Many fortification important to their defense

British Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain has 2 talks with Hitler but gives into his demands to keep peace

Hitler, Mussolini, Chamberlain, and Edourad Daladier, French president, meet in Munich in September 1938 Discuss TOV and what has been brokenGB and France do not want a conflict and sacrifice the

Sudetenland○ No one asked Czechoslovakia what they wanted

Outcome of the Munich Conference GB P.M. Neville Chamberlain greeted with

“Peace on our time” Winston Churchill, member of Parliament,

believed the sacrificed land sent the wrong message to Germany“Britain and France had to choose between war and

dishonor. They choose dishonor. They will have war.” Months later Germany would occupy western

Czechoslovakia. Italy would invade Albania GB and France warn Germany if they expand

anymore they will go to warThey do not believe the threat

Invasion of Poland

Before invading, Germany and Russia signed a 10 year Nonaggression PactStopped a two front war from happeningSmall countries in eastern Europe were split between

the 2 Germany invades Poland on September 1, 1939 September 3, GB and France declare war on

GermanyGreat Britain, France, Poland had more soldiers than

GermanyGermany had more firepower

Lighting War Germany had separated their tanks into separate

divisions, called panzer Blitzkrieg – military tactic with fast, concentrated

air and land attack that took enemies by surpriseUsed tanks and stukas – dive bombing warplane

Blitzkrieg was used to quickly take PolandLess than 1 monthGB and France were unable to mobilizeJews were killed and put into camps – Holocaust

The Phony War

After Poland fell the war became quiet France and GB held back troops US calls it a “phony war” Germans called it sitzkreig – sit-down war Maginot Line – massive sting of fortifications

along the border of Germany and France2 major problems

○ Only heavily fortified at border with Germany○ Guns only pointed east

Germany Attacks

April 9, 1940 – Germany begin attacking Denmark and Norway

May 10 – blitzkrieg on Netherlands (5), Belgium (3 weeks), and Luxembourg (1)GB and France rush to Lux. But were to late

German troops in Belgium invade France just north of the Maginot LineSplit the French Armies

Dunkirk

9 days of the most resourcefulness of the war

Germany was easily advancing through FranceGB and French forces retreat to Dunkirk

○ Troops either worked to slow German advance or used any boat available to take troops across the English Channel back to England900 vessels, 340,000 soldiers

The Fall of France

French gov’t abandoned Paris on June 10, 1940Italy declares war on France and GBJune 22 France falls to Germany, 1.5 million soldiers

surrenderHitler comes to Paris to partake in armistice talks

○ Germany would take control of a majority of France and Atlantic CoastFrance would still control Vichy, France (vacation resorts) under

close collaboration with Germany

Free France – French Gov’t set up in London continued its struggle against GermanySupported the Underground French Resistance

The Battle of Britain

Britain became the next target of HitlerSaw GB as his trophy

Winston Churchill, now PM, said GB would defend at all costs

Relentless Attacks begin in August 1940Air attacks last for over a month, 1,000 planes

bombed GBLate August – London was attackedTwo nights later, GB attacks Berlin out of retaliation

Bell Ringer

What nickname was given to World War II after Germany invaded Poland and fighting stopped for almost a year? Answer in English and German.

FROM ISOLATIONISM TO

WAR

After WWI in the US The Roaring 20s – great economic prosperity,

America was ThrivingHarlem Renaissance, Jazz Age, Lost Generation,

Prohibition Great Depression – started in 1929

Stock Market Crash, rush on banks, Dust Bowl, Over production

Isolationism – stayed out of foreign affairs FDR elected POTUS 3 times (1932, 36, 40)

Elected to a 4th term in 1944

The United States Choose Neutrality

FDR wanted more world involvement but focused on the New Deal insteadVarious programs and laws passed to help pull the

US out of the Depression Neutrality Acts

1935 – Banned the US from providing weapons1936 – Could not provide loans to any nation at war1937 – Could trade with countries at war if they paid

cash and transported the cargo themselves○ Cash and Carry Policy

American Involvement Grows

September 1939 – Germany invades PolandAmericans do not want to join the fight against Germany,

FDR wants ways to support GB and France Neutrality Acts revised – arms embargo repealed to

aid France and GBLater American ships would be able transport armsEnd neutrality

September 1940 – US trades 50 old Destroyers for right to build naval bases on GB territories

America First Committee – isolationist group formed to prevent US from giving further aid to GB800,000 member, Charles Lindbergh

Election of 1940

FDR (D) v. Wendell Willkie (R) Both were for aiding GB Willkie said “FDR will plunge us into war” FDR said “Your boys are not going to be sent into

any foreign wars.” FDR wins a 3rd election

Lend-Lease

November 1940 – Churchill tells FDR GB was almost bankrupt and could no longer pay cash for supplies

December – FDR issues the Lend-Lease ActGB would borrow supplies and return them after the war“If your neighbor’s house is on fire, you don’t sell him a

hose. You lend it to him and take it back after the fire is out.”

Congress passes the bill in March○ POTUS could aid any country he felt needed it

$49 billion to 40+ countries throughout the war

Japan

Plays a very minor role in WWI but still claims several German possessions in the PacificHelp form the League of Nations

Economy suffers during the Great Depression just like Germany, the US and most of the world

Need more land for resources and land for booming populationConquer Manchuria northeast ChinaLeague of Nations request Japan give up ManchuriaInstead they withdraw for the League of Nations

Japan

Japan attacks China and takes control of Beijing, Tianjin, and other large cities

Bombs China like Germany bombs Great BritainRussia and Great Britain aid China by giving supplies and soldiers

Declared they would end all European colonization in Asia Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

Stretch from Manchuria to Dutch East IndiesResembled Hitler’s lebensraum (living space)

September 1940 – Signed treaty with Germany and Italy with the Tripartite PactThe official beginning of the Axis Powers

Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor

FDR tried to stop Japanese aggressions by stopping their trade with the USNeed resources like scrape metals, rubber, and oil

General Tojo Hideki become Prime Minister in October 1941Supports war against USAFDR still hoped for peace between the two countries

December 7, 1941 @ 8am 180 Japanese warplanes reached Oahu and would destroy the entire US Pacific Fleet

The US Declares War

December 7th, 1941“…a date that will live in infamy.”

December 8 the US declares war on JapanAmerica First Committee even asked for its members

to support the warJeannette Ranking (Montana) was the only member of

Congress who did not vote for the war December 11 – Germany and Italy declare war

on the US America was now part of World War II

Class Review

Reviewing Key TermsPage 590 Questions 1-14

Reviewing Main IdeasPage 590 Questions 15-22