Dr. Souheil Matar Dr Nizar Al AwarHariri Canadian University (HCU)

In Partnership with NEEDS

Beirut Streets Generate Electricity

Near East Engineering and Development Services

June 2, 2011

Dr . Mohammad AkkawiLebanese University (LU)

And

AGENDA

Part 1 – Dr. Mohammad AkkawiThe Generation Challenge

AndThe Non-Conventional Resources

Part 2 – Dr. Suhail Matar & Dr. Nizar Al-AwarThe Speed Bumps Generates Electricity

Starting Summer 2011A Project under Development with NEEDS

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Part 1 ‐ The Generation ChallengeAnd

The Non‐Conventional Resources

Prepared byDr. Mohammad Akkawi

Professor, Lebanese University

Senior Consultant, Energy & Power Sector

DateJune 2011 3

7. Key Facts

6. Challenges

5. Mechanism

4. Speed Bumps Generation

3. Renewable Energy

1. Generation Issues

2. Long-Term Solution

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ROLLER

RACK-PINION

CRANK SHAFT

1. Lebanese Power Sector

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Lebanese Power Sector…Supply is not reliable:Affecting Country Economy 

Performance and Citizen Welfare

CRISIS

Drain on GovernmentAccumulating Huge Debt

Possibility Of Full Shut‐Downof Any Primary PP

Building New PP Is Hardly Feasible Due to 

Financial and Time Restriction

Last PP was built over 10 years ago!

Poor Quality of Supply

CRISISCRISIS

CRISIS

CRISIS

CRISIS

~ 35% of Demanded Power

Private Sector Self Generation

What are GOVERNMENT Solutions to Cover Missing 

700 MW? Non‐reliable 65%? 

Private 35%?

CRISISDemand: 2200 MWSupply: 1500 MW

+ Collapse of Current Supplyat ANY time!!!

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6

Beddawi

Hreisheh

Zouk

Jiyyeh

Damour

Sour

Baalbak

Beirut

Saida

Selaata2500MW LNG

Rehabilitate Jieh

Rehabilitate Zouk

Total capacity of new units excluding

rehabilitation and imports: 3290MW.

Tripoli

250MW Reciprocating Engines

Long-Term Solution: 2011 till 2017

Capital Investment >4.1 Billion USD

400MW CCGT

(NG Fired)

20MW Waste to Energy

40MW HydroZahrani

80MW Wind

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Distribution of Resources

Egyption Gas, 13%

LNG, 79%

HFO, 8%

Energy Mix

Generation from Renewable Energy is only 4%!!

1%12%

76%

2%8%

1%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%Waste

HFO

Wind

LNG

NG

Hydro

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Today’s biggest challenge is

Sources

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Sources

We are trying to find

1 2 4 5 6 7

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VERY NEW AND INNOVATIVE CONCEPT

NON–CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCE

USE OF WASTED ENERGY

1 2 4 5 6 7

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•Create a device which generateselectricity

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Potential Energy

Kinetic Energy

Electricity

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When a vehicle crosses over a conventional speedbump, potential energy is generated.

The output of a rotating shaft is coupled to a dynamo toconvert kinetic energy into electricity.

The electrical energy generated is stored in a powerunit.

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In speed bump power generation, potential energy is notwasted rather converted into kinetic energy using aspecial mechanism.

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Roller mechanism Rack- Pinion mechanism Crank-shaft mechanism

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Roller mechanism Rack- Pinion mechanism Crank-shaft mechanism

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Rack- Pinion mechanismRoller mechanism

• When a vehicle passes over a speed bump it rotates the roller. 

• Roller movement causes the shaft of the generator to rotate by the help of chain drive (1:5 speed ratio). 

• As the shaft of generator rotates, it produces electricity. 

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Crank-shaft mechanism

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Roller mechanism Crank-shaft mechanismRack- Pinion mechanism

• Moving a vehicle over a speed bump causes the Rack to move downward in reciprocating motion.

• Pinions transform reciprocating linear movement of the Rack into a rotary movement, but the two gears rotate in opposite direction.

• Shafts are connected through a belt drive to the dynamos, which converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy (proportional to traffic density).

Play Movie

Rack

Pinion Shaft

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Roller mechanism Rack- Pinion mechanism Crank-shaft mechanism

Play Movie

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Selecting suitable generator

Selection of springs

Achieving proper balance of speed and torque.

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• Speed bumps can be designed for heavyvehicles, thus increasing input torque andultimately output of generator.

• More suitable and compact mechanisms toenhance efficiency.

• ‘Very viable proposition’ to harness hundredsof mega watts of electricity untapped acrossthe city of Beirut every day.

• Not only GREEN energy but it is almost free.

1 3 4 5 62

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June 2, 2011

Part 2- The Speed Bumps Generates ElectricityStarting Summer 2011

A Project under Development with NEEDS

Near East Engineering and Development Services

Dr. Souheil Matar Dr Nizar Al Awar

Hariri Canadian University (HCU)

In Partnership with NEEDS

22

Agenda

• Goal• Potential Solution• System Description• Outputs and costs• Basateen model• Beirut model• Decision making

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Goal

• The goal of this project is to providereliable power to lighten the street of Beirutand other cities in Lebanon, to power trafficlight and advertisement board

• By collecting wasted energy from vehiclemeanwhile regulating the traffic

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Potential direct benefit for Municipalities

• Efficient solution for the continuous increase ofelectricity demand .

• Immediate injection of additional power whichwill have great impact on reducing power cutoff.

• Insure reliability of power supply to address trafficlight problem.

• Keeping streets illuminated all night with positiveimpact on tourism and security.

• Eliminate expensive bills for lightingstreets, traffic lights, and advertising boards.

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Potential CandidateRenewable Energy

–Wind energy– Solar energy–Solid waste Energy– Street energy from speed breakers–HoweverUtilization in urban area !!!

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Wind EnergyCost for generating 1 KW: 1750 USD.limited source of wind energy in Lebanon which makes the cost of KWH very expensive.Produce unwanted noise.Can interfere withelectromagnetic waves(Mobile phones, etc..).Physically hard to install in Beirut and other cities (impossible). 27

Solar Energy

Cost for generating 1 KW: 4000 to 7000 USD greater than 7,000 USD for better efficient system.Unreliable under bad weather.Requires large area over each lamp.Solar energy is affected greatly bythe shadow of buildings.Limited area.Roof are used for different purposes.

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Solid waste treatment

• Huge investment cost• Huge operating cost for separation• Reduction in lands’ cost• Must be placed at a distance far from the city• Required to use the grid

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Solution for Cities Street lighting

• Wind generator is hard to implement in Beirut.

• Solar cost is still high and requires large area to get the required power.

• Solid waste is high in cost and must be implemented at large scale.

• So What is the solution

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Electricity from speed bumps

• The weight of the vehicle passing over the bumps flash the flap with road and activate a generator to produce electricity

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System Description

• Mechanism that transmit the motion and thus the power collected by the passing vehicle to a generator

• An innovative linear generator that produce electricity with a high and almost flat efficiency,( patent pending)

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System Description

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• Similar bumps are installed in NorwayHowever these bumps can not be installed onhighways since presence of heavy traffic orheavy vehicles can damage the generators.

System Description

• AC to DC convertor used to convert the AC power coming out of the generator

• Battery bank • DC to AC convertor used to convert the DC

power out of the batteries to ac source to power the street lamps

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How this device works

• Placed in a concrete pit below street level.

• Moving cars cause the arms which makeup the top of the bump to go flat (this arm can be a cat eyes).

• The arms are connected to a ratchet system (sliding mechanism) which turns an axle.

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How this device works

• The axle is then connected to a gear boxwhich turns each depression of each side ofthe bump into 17 revolutions.

• This faster spinning motion is then fed intoa generator which outputs power to abattery bank.

• The generator resembles a linear shockabsorber that can generates power from onevehicle passing over the bump to a 18wheeler passing across.

36Play Movie

Outputs

• 1000kg vehicle will produce 2.5 KJ• An 18 wheelers will produce 180 KJ

• The kwh generated by each bump is function of traffic flow

• 2 cases will be presented later

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Costs

• Manufacturing cost $22000 USD• Installation cost = $500 USD per Bump

• Maintenance cost – $200 USD per year– $1000 to $2500 USD per 5 years depending on

the number of batteries

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Distributed Generation and Smart Grid

• Direct injection into the Grid• Eliminate the use of batteries by exchanging

electricity with the grid

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“Bsateen” Model• In a residential area on a Side road where

10,000 citizens live• 8,800 vehicle 80% car 15% trucks 5%

wheelers• Generate 27 KWH• Power 18 lamps each of 175 W

continuously• Earning per day 6.34 US dollars• Mature period 5 years• ROI is 80% in 10 years 40

Beirut Model

• Al-Manara Sea Road• 10,000 cars, 5,000 SUV, 250 wheelers• Generate 35KWH• Power 25 lamps continuously• Earning per day per bump: $9.5 • Mature period 4 years• ROI 100% in 10 years

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Earning per passing car• X axis is standard car 1000Kg• Y axis is us dollars

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Economy

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High demand of Electricity

Low supply

Need for low cost

recovering source

Bilion Dollars impact on economy

Correct partnership

Inovative Reneuable system

Decision Making

• There is no better renewable system• But there is a best fit for an objective• For powering street lamps electricity from

speed bumps is the solution• because

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Comparison of cost

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Cost of KW(USD)

Cost of KWH(USCent)

Reliability of Supply

EDL 1400 13, for life insufficient power generation in addition to other

technical/financial problems

Wind 1750 8 and up, for 11 years

Unreliable due to insufficient wind energy

Solar 7000 14 and up, for 25 years

Unreliable under bad weather as solar flux decreasesRequire large area

Speed bumps

750 6 and up, for 4 years

Reliable source of energy due to continuous flow of traffic

0100200300400500600700800900

CarsSUV'sTrucks

TRAFIC FLOW

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Load per hour

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Thank you

Near East Engineering and Development Services

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