behaviorism theory - faculty web server directory...
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Behaviorism Theory And Its Relation to Instructional Design Bryan Danley Nakita James Cameron Mims Andrew Simms
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Overview History of Behaviorism Behaviorism Theorists Timeline of Development Definition of Behaviorism Application to Instructional Design Examples of Application How would you learn with this theory
applied to instruction intended for you? Summary
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Overview History of Behaviorism Behaviorism Theorists Timeline of Development Definition of Behaviorism Application to Instructional Design Examples of Application How would you learn with this theory
applied to instruction intended for you? Summary
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History of Behaviorism
Formally founded by John B. Watson in 1913.
19th Century: Similar views as psychoanalytic and Gestalt movements in psychology.
20th Century: Result of cognitive revolution.
21st Century: "behavior analysis," is a thriving field.
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Overview History of Behaviorism Behaviorism Theorists Timeline of Development Definition of Behaviorism Application to Instructional Design Examples of Application How would you learn with this theory
applied to instruction intended for you? Summary
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Behaviorism Theorists
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Ivan Pavlov - Founder of classical conditioning; unconditioned stimulus causes unconditioned response
John B. Watson - Coined the term “behaviorism” - Studied how a certain stimuli led organisms to make responses - Believed psychology was only an objective observation of behavior
B.F. Skinner - Radical Behaviorism: proposed that all action is determined at not free - Operant Response: behavior that control the rate at which specific consequences occur
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Overview History of Behaviorism Behaviorism Theorists Timeline of Development Definition of Behaviorism Application to Instructional Design Examples of Application How would you learn with this theory
applied to instruction intended for you? Summary
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Timeline of Development
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1863 Ivan Sechenov's
Reflexes of the Brain was published introducing the
concept of inhibitory responses in the central nervous
system.
1900 Ivan Pavlov began
studying the salivary response and other
reflexes.
1913 John Watson's Psychology as a
Behaviorist Views It was published
outlining many of the main points of behaviorism.
1920 Watson and
assistant Rosalie Rayner conducted the famous "Little
Albert" experiment.
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Timeline of Development (cont’d)
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1943 Clark Hull's Principles
of Behavior was published.
1948 B.F. Skinner published Walden II in which he described a utopian
society founded upon behaviorist
principles.
1959 Noam Chomsky
published his criticism of Skinner's behaviorism, "Review of Verbal Behavior."
1971 B.F. Skinner
published his book Beyond Freedom and Dignity, in which he argued that free will
is an illusion.
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Overview History of Behaviorism Behaviorism Theorists Timeline of Development Definition of Behaviorism Application to Instructional Design Examples of Application How would you learn with this theory
applied to instruction intended for you? Summary
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Definition of Behaviorism Behaviorism equates learning with behaviors
that can be observed and measured. Reinforcement is key to successful transfer
through behavioristic learning. Strong emphasis on the stimulus, the
response and the relationship between them.
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Stimulus Response Repetition Behavioristic Learning
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Overview History of Behaviorism Behaviorism Theorists Timeline of Development Definition of Behaviorism Application to Instructional Design Examples of Application How would you learn with this theory
applied to instruction intended for you? Summary
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Application of Instructional Design Students will work for things that bring them positive
feelings. Use of a token system can reinforce positive academic
performance. Students can utilize the art of repetition so that information
remains concrete during the learning process. Small progressively sequenced tasks ensure that students
remain focused during the learning process.
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Overview History of Behaviorism Behaviorism Theorists Timeline of Development Definition of Behaviorism Application to Instructional Design Examples of Application How would you learn with this theory
applied to instruction intended for you? Summary
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Example of Application (1) A teacher provides a substantial list
of practice problems for students to help them learn Algebra.
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Stimulus • The practice
problems
Response • Correct
solution to the problem
Learning • The
repetition causes the student to learn Algebra.
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Example of Application (2) A computer simulation helping prospective airplane
pilots learn to fly rewards the user with ‘tokens’ for each successful simulation that, after collecting enough, they can cash in for flying a real plane.
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Stimulus • Reward of ‘tokens’
for proper demonstration of knowledge.
Response • A feeling of
accomplishment of getting closer to goal of flying.
Learning • The repetition
causes the pilot to learn to fly, and the ‘tokens’ help reinforce the proper demonstration of flight.
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Overview History of Behaviorism Behaviorism Theorists Timeline of Development Definition of Behaviorism Application to Instructional Design Examples of Application How would you learn with this theory
applied to instruction intended for you? Summary
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How would you learn with this theory applied to instruction intended for you?
Negative reinforcement for an undesired response could be more beneficial.
Examples of what not to do can provide better understanding of the desired end goal.
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Overview History of Behaviorism Behaviorism Theorists Timeline of Development Definition of Behaviorism Application to Instructional Design Examples of Application How would you learn with this theory
applied to instruction intended for you? Summary
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Summary One of the three primary learning theories. The primary goal of behaviorism is to form a
relationship between a stimulus and a response. Formally founded by John B. Watson in 1913.
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Questions?
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Bibliography http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Behaviorism#The_fou
nders_of_behaviorism psychology.about.com http://www.ksrealitybites.com/2011/07/chocolate-sweets-prevent-
obesity-among.html http://www.sil.org/lingualinks/literacy/implementaliteracyprogram/b
ehavioristtheoriesoflearning.htm Wikipedia.org http://private-math-tutor.com/wp/algebra-2-practice/
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