behavioral health aspects of youth fire intervention health aspects of yfpi.pdfmn youth set fires....
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Behavioral Health Aspects of Youth Fire Intervention
Kathi OsmonsonYFPI Subject Matter Expert
Forensic Behavioral Helath M.A.Coon Rapids, MN
Oregon Fire Prevention Workshop
February 6, 2020
Overview
• Youth Firesetting Prevalence
• Common Behavioral Disorders
• Symptoms of the Disorders
• Intervention Tips for Working with Affected Families
2
Age as a Factor and Playing with Hear Source
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192
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161147
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2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
MN Youth Set Fires
Fires vs Juvenile Arson Arrests
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153170 163
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69
98114
69
91 97
4224
4332 34 17
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
MN Youth Set Fires vs Arrests
National Data
NFIRS Report MN?
337, 75%
68, 15%
30, 7%
15, 3%
yes
no
unknown
no response
2016 – 2019 Ages
29 4 28 59
100
214181
244
304330
350
398 399 398
279
151
110
148
Gender
84% Male 16% Female
Race
40
47
584
15
1899
184
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
AMERICAN INDIAN/ALASKA NATIVE
ASIAN
BLACK/AFRICAN AMERICAN
NATIVE HAWAIIAN/PACIFIC ISLANDER
WHITE/CAUCASIAN
TWO OR MORE RACES
Family Type
124
992
25
121
64
39
1
256
946
229
47
6
283
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
ADOPTIVE
BIOLOGICAL PARENTS
CUSTODY OF STATE
FATHER ONLY
FATHER WITH PARTNER
FOSTER FAMILY
LIVE WITH FRIEND
GRAND PARENTS
MOTHER ONLY
MOTHER WITH PARTNER
OTHER FEMALE RELATIVE
OTHER MALE RELATIVE
STEP FAMILY
Time of Day
152
955899
414
148
Morning Mid Day Late Day Evening Night
Day of Week
449477
401 416439
387 376
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
Month of Year
240
203
266
326
292
259 256
227
193216 210
182
Ignition Device
38
35
66
107
16
2029
214
60
393
11
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
CANDLES
CIGARETTE/CIGAR/SMOKING ITEM
COOKING APPLIANCE
FIREWORKS
HEATING APPLIANCE
LIGHTER - DISPOSABLE
LIGHTER - MULTI-PURPOSE
LIGHTER - NOVELTY
MATCHES
ROAD FLARE/FUSE
Device Obtained By
511
237
258
1633
78
120
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
FOUND OUTSIDE OF HOME
FROM HOME OTHER THAN YOUTH'S
GIVEN TO YOUTH BY OTHER PERSON
HOME OF YOUTH
PURCHASED
STOLEN
Typologies
Non-Pathological:
•Curiosity
•Accidental
Pathological:
•Cry-for-help
•Delinquent
•Severely disturbed
•Cognitively impaired
•Sociocultural
Curiosity
• With understanding • Without understanding
Unintentional vs Intentional
• Unintentional youth firesetting is often a result of fire experimentation with no understanding of any consequences
• Intentional youth firesetting includes, but is not limited to, carrying out a dare from peers, seeking attention, or retribution for a past event
Common Myths
• It’s a phase kids go through
• It was a small fire, no big deal
• They learned their lesson
• Talking to a firefighter will fix it
None of these address knowledge, behaviors, and caregiver actions
Social Media Use
1997
1724
5
Yes No Unknown
The Adolescent Brain
Google Search
• ADHD-87,000,000
• Conduct Disorder (CD)-77,000,000
• Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)-46,000,000
• Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)-4,000,000
• Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)-3,000,000
• Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)-2,000,000
• Youth Firesetting- 100,000
Diagnosis?
1788
1109
829
Yes No Unknown
Top 10 Disorders
0 50 100 150 200 250
Substance Abuse
Conduct Disorder
BiPolar
Intellectual Disability
Post Traumatic Stress
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Depression
Anxiety disorder
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
• Inability to think ahead
• Frequent interrupting
• Impulsive
• Fidgeting
• Trouble processing steps
• Random topic shifts
• Easily distracted
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (cont’d)
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (cont’d)
• Tips
• Fidget toy
• Get up and moving
• Walk and talk
• Interesting visuals
• Short discussions
• Check comprehension
Anxiety
• Constant worry
• Negativity
• Anger
• Tantrums
• Avoidance
• Perfectionism
• Physical ailments
Anxiety (cont’d)
Anxiety (cont’d)
• Tips
• Work through scenarios
• Avoid worst case scenarios
• Stay positive
• Clear answers
Depression
• Disruptive mood disorder
• Major depressive disorder
• Persistent depressive disorder
• A real illness
• Feelings of guilt and worthlessness
Depression (cont’d)
Depression (cont’d)
• Tips
• Positive reinforcement
• No guilt
• Supportive
• Reality not worst case
Autism Spectrum Disorder (cont’d)
• Rigidness
• Obsessional interests
• Poor communication skills
• Impulsivity
• Unpredictability
• Suggestibility
• Sensitive to sensory experiences
• Dislike physical contact initiated by others
Autism Spectrum Disorder (cont’d)
Autism Spectrum Disorder (cont’d)
• Tips:• Specific rules and
expectations• Understand
rather than repeat
• Do not demand eye contact
• Pictures and props
• Parents can help
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
• Control
• Neatness
• Body Dysmorphic Disorder
• Hoarding Disorder
• Trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder)
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (cont’d)
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (cont’d)
• Tips:• Be organized
• Set expectations early
• Stick to schedule
• Give them some control
• Choices
Post Traumatic Stress
• Exposure to death
• Directly experiencing traumatic events
• Witnessing traumatic events
• Intrusive memories or dreams
• Reaction to internal or external cues
Post Traumatic Stress (cont’d)
Post Traumatic Stress (cont’d)
• Tips:• Similar to anxiety
and depression
• Avoid triggers
• Co-occurring disorders
• Stay positive
Intellectual Disability (cont’d)
• Adaptive functioning deficits:• Daily living skills
• Communication
• Social responsibility and participation
• Academic limitations
• Occupational functioning
Intellectual Disability (cont’d)
Intellectual Disability (cont’d)
• Tips:• Repetition is
always good
• Be patient
• Check for understanding
• Hands on learning
Bipolar Disorder
• Manic
• Restlessness
• Rapid Speech
• High activity
• Depressive
• Loss of interest
• Withdrawn
• Trouble concentrating
Bipolar Disorder (cont’d)
Bipolar (cont’d)
• Tips
• Caution
• Alternative behavior management
• No guilt
• Focus on impulse control
Conduct Disorder
• Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
• Intermittent explosive disorder (IED)
• Childhood diagnosis
• Antisocial personality disorder as adults
Conduct Disorder (cont’d)
• Aggressive
• Lying, stealing, blaming
• Disrespect authority
• Argumentative
• Hostile
• Refuse to follow rules
Conduct Disorder (cont’d)
Conduct Disorder (cont’d)
• Tips:• Not personal
• Stay calm
• Expect push back
• Avoid power struggle
• One on one
• Give them some control
• Structure
• Clear expectations
Substance Use Disorder
• Alcohol
• Tobacco
• Marijuanna
• Inhalents
• Hallucinogens
• Cocaine
• Opiods
• Perscription drugs
• Technology…
Substance Use Disorder (cont’d)
• Stress relief
• Self medication
• Social experience
• Risk taking
• Impulse control
• Lack of supervision
• Parental attitudes
Cell Phone Addiction?
Substance Use Disorder (cont’d)
• Tips• Neutral space
• Parental participation
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)
• Permanent/Irreversible brain damage
• Worldwide problem
• Hidden epidemic
• Underreported/Commonly misdiagnosed
• North America, 2-5%
• Impacts the criminal justice system
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) cont’d
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) cont’d
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) cont’d
• Red Flags:• Special Education Involvement/Learning Problems
• Child Protection Involvement
• History of Adoption/Removal from Birth Parents
• Rage Control/Impulse Control Problems
• Sexually Inappropriate Behaviors
• Social Boundary Limitations/Violations
• Memory Problems/Confabulation
• Suggestibility/Inability to Say No
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) cont’d
• Tips for Interventions:
• Use the same language as written rules
• Concrete consepts
• Demonstrate when possible
• Be clear about cause and effect
• Do not debate ~ they may be looking for loopholes
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) cont’d
• 1.7 new cases annually
• 2% live with a TBI
• Loss of consciousness
• Amnesia
• Disorientation
• Permanent brain damage
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
• Tips:• Clear language
• Keep instructions brief
• Clear sequence
• Visual learners
• Repetition
• Link information to previous knowledge
Intervention Ideas
• Cup of Stress
• Dice Exercise
• MN Go Bag
• Other ideas?
Thank You…67