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Before&After
Continued
XiBAmagazine.com U
Our color wheel 0646
Our color wheelThe color wheel is our tool for understanding
which colors go with what.
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Our color wheelPart science, part art, the color wheel is our tool for understandingwhich colors go with what.
Infinity, simplified
White light contains all visible colors, which form an infinite
spectrum that always appears in the violet-to-red sequence
you see in a rainbow (right, top). To make it practical, the color wheel represents
this infinity with 12 basic hues pretty much like those in your first box of crayons.
Wherever there is light, there
is color. While we think ofcolors as independentthis
blue, that reda color is
never seen alone but always
in the context of other colors. Like a musical
note, no one color is good or bad. Rather,
its one part of a composition that as a whole
is pleasing or not. The color wheel is our tool
for understanding how colors relate to one
another. Heres how it works.
Visible light
Ultraviolet Infra-red
The color wheel is the range of visible light made into a circle.
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What are the colors?
The wheel has 12 basic hues. First are the three primarycolors of blue, yellow and red.Primary colors combine to make secondarycolors, which combine to make tertiarycolors.
Primary colors are the wheels parent
colors; they are the only colors not made from
other colors. The primary colors are positioned
around the wheel in thirds.
Secondary colors are halfway
between the primary colors. Each
is made from equal amounts of
the nearest primaries.
Tertiary colors are halfway
between the secondary colors.
Each is made from equal amounts
of the adjacent secondaries.
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Colors in common
As you can tell, every color is part of the color next to it, which is part of the next and thenext, all the way around the wheel. Colors in common are the basis of color relationships.
Blueis common to all seven colors, which get
less blue as they fan out. Green and violet are
the secondaries that contain blue.
Yellowis common to all seven colors, which
get less yellow as they fan out. Green and
orange are the secondaries that contain yellow.
Redis common to all seven colors, which get
less red as they fan out. Orange and violet are
the secondaries that contain red.
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Color value
Color also has darkness and lightness, or value. To show value, the color wheel hasmore rings; two big rings for the darkshadesand two small rings for the light tints.
Hue
Shade
Hue
Tint
Tint
Shade
The color wheel has five
concentric rings from dark to light
shades are the big rings, tints are
the small, and hues are the middle.
Tints and shades
(Left) Ashade is the hue plus
black, and a tintis the hue plus
white.
Infinite gradient
(Below) Five steps represent
what is actually a continuousgradient from white to black. A
tint or shade can fall anywhere
on the continuum.
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Color relationships
The following pages illustrate the six basic color relationships. Each can yield anendless number of color palettes.
Monochromatic
First are the dark, medium and light values of a single
color. This is a monochromatic palette. It has no color
depth, but it provides the contrast of dark, medium and
light thats so important to good design.
Analogous
Adjacent colors are called analogous. Analogous colors
share strong undertones (here, yellow and red), which
create pleasing, low-contrast harmony. Analogous
palettes are rich and always easy to work with.
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Any palette can include shades and tints along with the hue. The result can beall dark, all light, or any combination.
Complement
Direct opposites on the color wheel are complementsin this
case, blue and orange. What the complement brings is contrast.
A color and its complement convey energy, vigor and excite-
ment. Typically, the complement is used in a smaller amount
as an accent; a spot of orange on a blue field, for example.
Split complement
One step either way are the complements own analogous
colors. This palette is called a split complement. Its strength is
in the low-contrast beauty of analogous colors, plus the added
punctuation of an opposite color. In this case the red, because
its most different, would likely be used as the accent.
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The amount of color matters. Palettes can be made warmer/cooler, darker/lighter,stronger/quieter and so on by using more or less of some colors.
Primary
The primary colors are rarely seen as a trio except in childrens
products. Red and yellow, however, are popular in American
culture for everything from fast food to gasoline. Red and blue
are common but attractive only if separated by open space.
Secondary
Secondary colors have a lot in commontwo share blue,
two share yellow, and two share redso harmonize easily.
As a trio they are soft, inviting and rich, and have pleasing
depth and dimension that are hard to get in other ways.
Rare Popular Clash Separated
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Now for a quiz
Train your eye: Each cover uses one of the basic color relationships. Can you name them?Hint: Look at the big colors, not the small ones, ignore black & white. Answers on page 11.
COUNTRY
Garden GreensGreat Gourds
A Perfect Porch
Simple GiftsStovetop Treats
Plush PulloverAnd more!
ComfortCOUNTRY
Comfort
Garden GreensGreat Gourds
A Perfect Porch
Simple ScarvesStovetop Treats
Plush PulloverAnd more!
Monochromatic
Analogous
Complement
Split complement
Primary
Secondary
Monochromatic
Analogous
Complement
Split complement
Primary
Secondary
Monochromatic
Analogous
Complement
Split complement
Primary
Secondary
Monochromatic
Analogous
Complement
Split complement
Primary
Secondary
COUNTRY
Garden GreensGreat Gourds
A Perfect PorchSimple GiftsStovetop Treats
Plush Pullover
And more!
ComfortCOUNTRY
Comfort
Garden GreensGreat Gourds
A Perfect Porch
Simple GiftsStovetop Treats
Plush PulloverAnd more!
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Our color wheel 10of12
Download: Before & After color wheel
Our color wheel |748kb
www.bamagazine.com/ColorWheel/
This color wheel is exactly the one we use in
Before & After magazine. It is a reference tool, not
an interactive product. Its purpose is to help you
understand how colors are related. Its 12 hues
and 48 tints represent the full spectrum of color
but are only a tiny fraction of the infinity of colors
actually in nature.
The format is Adobe PDF. For everything you want
to know about working with PDF, please contact
Adobes Reader support Web site at
www.adobe.com/support/products/acrreader.html
Before&After
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Our color wheel 11of12
18
16
17
COUNTRYComfort
Garden GreensGreat GourdsA Perfect PorchSimple GiftsStovetop TreatsPlush PulloverAnd more!
COUNTRYComfort
Garden GreensGreat GourdsA Perfect PorchSimple GiftsStovetop TreatsPlush PulloverAnd more!
COUNTRY
Garden GreensGreat GourdsA Perfect PorchSimple GiftsStovetop Treats
Plush PulloverAnd more!
ComfortCOUNTRY
Comfort
Garden GreensGreat GourdsA Perfect PorchSimple GiftsStovetop TreatsPlush PulloverAnd more!
COUNTRYComfort
Garden GreensGreat GourdsA Perfect PorchSimple Gifts
Stovetop TreatsPlush PulloverAnd more!
Typefaces
1 Giza Nine Three
2 Sloop ScriptOne
3 ITC Goudy Sans Bold Italic
Images
4 (ad) iStockphoto.com | a b c d
Quiz answers
Article resources
Colors
C65 M35 Y75 K65
C50 M0 Y76 K0
C30 M0 Y64 K0
C26 M0 Y47 K0
C60 M25 Y0 K0
C50 M15 Y0 K0
C15 M5 Y0 K0
C0 M55 Y20 K0
C30 M85 Y75 K55
C20 M80 Y35 K5
C60 M28 Y90 K30
C0 M75 Y95 K0
C25 M75 Y100 K20
C0 M30 Y97 K0
C5 M48 Y96 K0
9
10
1
4a
2
11
12
10
14
13
12
11
4d
4c
4b
3
15
16
14
22
23
21
5 6
7 8
9
20
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
5 Monochromatic
6 Complementary
7 Primary
8 Analogous
13
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23
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12of12 | Printing formats
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Our color wheel 12of12Our color wheel 12of12
Before & After magazine
Before & After has been sharing its practical approach
to graphic design since 1990. Because our modern world
has made designers of us all (ready or not), Before &
After is dedicated to making graphic design understand-
able, useful and even fun for everyone.
John McWade Publisher and creative director
Gaye McWade Associate publisher
Vincent Pascual Staff designerDexter Mark Abellera Staff designer
Before & After magazine
323 Lincoln Street, Roseville, CA 95678
Telephone 916-784-3880
Fax 916-784-3995
E-mail [email protected]
www http://www.bamagazine.com
Copyright 2006 Before & After magazine
ISSN 1049-0035. All rights reserved
You may pass along a free copy of this article to others
by clicking here. You may not alter this article, and you
may not charge for it. You may quote brief sections
for review; please credit Before & After magazine, and
let us know. To link Before & After magazine to your
Web site, use this URL: http://www.bamagazine.com.
For all other permissions, please contact us.
Subscribe to Before & After
Subscribe to Before & After, and become a
more capable, confident designer for pennies
per article. To learn more, go to
http://www.bamagazine.com/Subscribe
E-mail this articleTo pass along a free copy of this article to
others, click here.
Join our e-list
To be notified by e-mail of new articles as
they become available, go to
http://www.bamagazine.com/email
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Back | Paper-saver format
XiBAmagazine.com UBefore&After
For paper-saver formatPrint: (Specify pages 1419)
Before & After is made to fit your binder
Before & After articles are intended for permanent reference. All are titled and numbered.
For the current table of contents, click here. To save time and paper, a paper-saver format of this article,
suitable for one- or two-sided printing, is provided on the following pages.
Print
Format: Landscape
Page Size: Fit to Page
Save
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1of6
Ourcolorwheel0646
0646Ourcolorwhee
l
Infinity,simplified
Whitelightcontainsa
llvisiblecolors,whichformaninfinite
spectrumthatalways
appearsintheviolet-to-redseque
nce
youseeinarainbow(right,top).Tomakeitpractical,thecolorwheelreprese
nts
thisinfin
itywith12basichuesprettymuch
likethoseinyourfirstboxofcray
ons.
Whereverthereislight,there
iscolor.While
wethinkof
colorsasinde
pendentthis
blue,thatredacoloris
neverseenalonebutalways
inthecontextofothercolors.Likeamusical
note,
noonecolorisgoodo
rbad.Rather,
itson
epartofacomposition
thatasawhole
isple
asingornot.Thecolorw
heelisourtool
forunderstandinghowcolorsrelatetoone
another.Hereshowitworks.
Visible
light
Ultraviolet
Infra-red
Thecolorwheelistherangeo
fvisiblelightmadeintoacircle.
Ourco
lorwheel
Thecolorw
heelisourtoolforunderstanding
whichcolorsgowithwha
t.
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Ourcolorwheel0646
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l
Whatarethecolo
rs?
Thewheelhas12basichues.Firstarethethree
primarycolorsofblue,yellowandred.
Primarycolorscom
binetomake
secondary
colors,whichcombine
tomake
tertiarycolors.
Primarycolo
rsarethewheelsparent
colors;theyaretheonlycolorsnotmadefrom
othercolors.Theprimarycolorsarepositioned
aroundthewh
eelinthirds.
Secondary
colorsarehalfway
betweenthe
primarycolors.Each
ismadefrom
equalamountsof
thenearestprimaries.
Tertiarycolorsarehalfway
betweenthesecondarycolors.
Eachismadefrom
equalamounts
oftheadjacentsecondaries.
Colorsincommon
Asyoucantell,ever
ycolorispartofthecolornexttoit,whichispartofthenextandthe
next,allthewayaro
undthewheel.Colorsincommonarethebasis
ofcolorrelationships.
Blueiscomm
ontoallsevencolors,whichget
lessblueasth
eyfanout.Greenandvioletare
thesecondarie
sthatcontainblue.
Yellow
iscommontoallsevencolors,which
getlessyellow
astheyfan
out.Greenand
orangearethesecondarie
sthatcontainyellow.
Red
iscommontoallsevencolors,whichget
lessr
edastheyfanout.Orangeandvio
letare
thesecondariesthatcontainred.
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Ourcolor
wheel0646
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l
Colorvalue
Coloralsohasdark
nessandlightness,orvalue.Toshowvalue,the
colorwheelhas
morerings;twobig
ringsforthedarkshadesandtwosmallringsfo
rthelighttints.
Hue
Sha
de
Hue
Tint
Tint
Shade
Thecolorwheelhasfive
concentricringsfro
mdarktolight
shadesarethebigrings,tintsare
thesmall,andhues
arethemiddle.
Tintsandshades
(Left)Ashade
isthehuep
lus
black,andatintisthehueplus
white.
Infinitegradient
(Below)Fivestepsrepresent
whatisactuallyacontinu
ous
gradientfromwhitetobla
ck.A
tintorshadecanfallanyw
here
onthecontinuum.
Colorrelationship
s
Thefollowingpagesillustratethesixbasiccolorrelationships.Each
canyieldan
endlessnumberof
colorpalettes.
Monochromatic
Firstarethedark,mediuma
ndlightvaluesofasingle
color.Thisisamonochromaticpalette.Ithasnocolor
depth,butitprovidestheco
ntrastofdark,mediumand
lightthatssoimportanttog
ooddesign.
Analogous
Adjacentcolorsarecalledanalogous.Analogouscolors
sharestrongundertones(here,yellowandred),which
createpleasing,low-contrastharmony.Analogous
palettesarerichanda
lwayseasytoworkwith.
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Ourcolor
wheel0646
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l
Anypalettecaninc
ludeshadesandtintsalongwiththehue.There
sultcanbe
alldark,alllight,oranycombination.
Complement
Directoppositesonthecolo
rwheelarecomplementsinthis
case,blueandorange.What
thecomplementbringsiscontrast.
Acoloranditscomplement
conveyenergy,vigorandexcite-
ment.Typically,thecomplem
entisusedinasmalleramount
asanaccent;aspotoforangeonabluefield,forexample.
Splitcomplement
Onestepeitherwayarethecomplementsownanalogous
colors.Thispaletteisc
alledasplitcomplement.Itsstren
gthis
inthelow-contrastbeautyofanalogouscolors,plustheadded
punctuationofanoppositecolor.Inthiscasethered,because
itsmostdifferent,wouldlikelybeusedastheaccent.
Theamountofcolo
rmatters.Palettescanbemadewarmer/cooler,darker/lighter,
stronger/quieterandsoonbyusingmoreorlessofsomecolors.
Primary
Theprimarycolorsarerarely
seenasatrioexceptinchildrens
products.Redandyellow,ho
wever,arepopularinAmerican
cultureforeverythingfromf
astfoodtogasoline.Redandblue
arecommonbutattractiveo
nlyifseparatedbyopenspace.
Secondary
Secondarycolorshave
alotincommontwoshareblue,
twoshareyellow,andtwoshareredsoharmonizeeasily.
Asatriotheyaresoft,
invitingandrich,andhavepleasing
depthanddimensionthatarehardtogetinotherways.
Rare
Popular
Clash
Separated
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magazine.com
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Ourcolor
wheel0646
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l
Nowforaquiz
Trainyoureye:Eachcoverusesoneoftheb
asiccolorrelationships.Canyounamethem?
Hint:Lookatthebi
gcolors,notthesmallo
nes,ignoreblack&whit
e.Answersonpage6.
C
OUNTRY
GardenGreens
GreatGourds
APerfectPorch
SimpleGifts
StovetopTreats
PlushPullover
Andmore!
Comfort
COUNTRY
ComfortGardenGreens
GreatGourds
APerfectPorch
SimpleScarves
StovetopTreats
PlushPullover
Andmore!
Monoc
hromatic
Analog
ous
Complement
Splitcomplement
Primar
y
Secondary
Monochromatic
An
alogous
Co
mplement
Sp
litcomplement
Pr
imary
Se
condary
Monochromatic
Analogous
Complement
Splitcomplement
Primary
Secondary
Monochromatic
Analogous
Complement
Splitcomplement
Primary
Secondary
CO
UNTRY
GardenGreens
GreatGourds
APerfectPorch
SimpleGifts
StovetopTreats
PlushPullover
Andmore!
Comfort
COUNTRY
ComfortGardenGreens
GreatGourds
APerfectPorch
SimpleGifts
StovetopTreats
PlushPullover
Andmore!
Download:Before
&Aftercolorwheel
Ourcolorwh
eel|748kb
www.bamagaz
ine.com/ColorWheel/
Thiscolorwhe
elisexactlytheoneweusein
Before&After
magazine.Itisareferencetool,not
aninteractiveproduct.Itspurposeistohelpyou
understandho
wcolorsarerelated.Its12hues
and48tintsre
presentthefullspectrumofcolor
butareonlya
tinyfractionoftheinfinityofcolor
s
actuallyinnature.
TheformatisA
dobePDF.Foreverythingyouwan
t
toknowabout
workingwithPDF,pleasecontact
AdobesReade
rsupportWebsiteat
www.adobe.co
m/support/products/acrreader.html
Before
&After
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Ourcolor
wheel0646
0646Ourcolorwhee
l
18
16
17
COUNTRY
ComfortGardenGreens
GreatGourds
APerfectPorch
SimpleGifts
StovetopTreats
PlushPullover
Andmore!
C
OUNTRY
ComfortGardenGreens
GreatGourds
APerfectPorch
SimpleGifts
StovetopTreats
PlushPullover
Andmore!
COUNTRY
GardenGreens
GreatGourds
APerfectPorch
SimpleGifts
StovetopTreats
PlushPullover
Andmore!
Comfort
COUNTRY
ComfortGardenGreens
GreatGourds
APerfectPorch
SimpleGifts
StovetopTreats
PlushPullover
Andmore!
C
OUNTRY
ComfortGardenGreens
GreatGourds
APerfectPorch
SimpleGifts
StovetopTreats
PlushPullover
Andmore!
Typ
efaces
1G
izaNineThree
2S
loopScriptOne
3IT
CGoudySansBoldItalic
Images
4(ad)iStockphoto.com|a
b
c
d
Qu
izanswers
Articleresources
Colors
C65M35Y75K65
C50M0Y76K0
C30M0Y64K0
C26M0Y47K0
C60M25Y0K0
C50M15Y0K0
C15M5Y0K0
C0M55Y20K0
C30M85Y75K55
C20M80Y35K5
C60M28Y90K30
C0M75Y95K0
C25M75Y100K20
C0M30Y97K0
C5M48Y96K0
910
14a 2
11
12
10
14
13
12
11
4d
4c
4b 3
15
16
14
22
23
21
5
6
7
8
9
20
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
5Monochromatic
6Complementary
7Primary
8Analogous
13
19
23
Before&Aftermagazine
Before&Afterhasbee
nsharingitspracticalapproach
tographicdesignsince1990.Becauseourmodernworld
hasmadedesignersofusall(readyornot),Before&
Afterisdedicatedtom
akinggraphicdesignunderstand
-
able,usefulandevenfunforeveryone.
JohnMcWadePublis
herandcreativedirector
GayeMcWadeAssoc
iatepublisher
VincentPascualSta
ffdesigner
DexterMarkAbelle
raStaffdesigner
Before&Aftermagazine
323LincolnStreet,Roseville,CA95678
Telephone916-784-3880
Fax916-784-3995
E-mailmailbox@bama
gazine.com
wwwhttp://www.bam
agazine.com
Copyright2006Be
fore&Aftermagazine
ISSN1049-0035.Allrightsreserved
Youmaypassalonga
freecopyofthisarticletoothers
byclickinghere.Youm
aynotalterthisarticle,andyou
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