be.(first year) electrical engineering - machines & transformer

8/3/2019 BE.(First Year) Electrical Engineering - Machines & Transformer

1/43

TLOX OO

@KGNOLDW !

XVKLWAIV@DVW


2/43

W_CCKFTW

Akvkhkyw ck} ia dcdgxvi`kmldxog olhtgxoil,

Gilwxvtgxoil ia HG `kgnoldw

Xndivy ia izdvkxoil ia HG mdldvkxivw

Xyzdw ia HG mdldvkxivw

D@A d{tkxoil,

Izdvkxolm zvolgozcdw ia HG `ixivw

Xyzdw klh xndov gnkvkgxdvowxogw

Wzddh gilxvic ia HG `ixivw

Wxkvxdvw,

Gilwxvtgxoil klh zvolgozcd ia izdvkxoil ia wolmcd znkwdxvklwaiv`dvw

Xyzdw ia xvklwaiv`dvw

Qicxkmd vdmtckxoil

Daaogodlgy

Zvolgozcd ia izdvkxoil ia xnvdd znkwd xvklwaiv`dvw,


3/43

Akvkhky-w ck}w ia dcdgxvi`kmldxog olhtgxoil .@,

Akvkhky/

Akvkhky-w aovwx ck} ia dcdgxvi`kmldxog olhtgxoil

Kl dcdgxviìxoqd aivgd ow olhtgdh ol k gilhtgxiv }ndl xnd `kmldxog aodch wtvvitlholm ox gnklmdw,

Akvkhky-w wdgilh ck} ia dcdgxvi`kmldxog olhtgxoilXnd `kmloxthd ia xnd dcdgxviìxoqd aivgd ow zvizivxoilkc xi xnd vkxd ia gnklmd ia xnd aodch,

Akvkhky-w xnovh ck} ia dcdgxvi`kmldxog olhtgxoil

Xnd wdlwd ia xnd olhtgdh dcdgxviìxoqd aivgd hdzdlhw il xnd hovdgxoil ia xnd vkxd ia xnd gnklmd ia xnd

aodch,

Hdaoloxoil2

Dcdgxvi`kmldxog olhtgxoil .iv wi`dxo`dw btwx olhtgxoil/ ow k zvigdww }ndvd k

gilhtgxiv zckgdh ol k gnklmolm `kmldxog aodch .iv k gilhtgxiv ìqolm xnvitmn k wxkxoilkvy

`kmldxog aodch/ gktwdw xnd zvihtgxoil ia k qicxkmd kgviww xnd gilhtgxiv, Xnow zvigdww ia

dcdgxvi`kmldxog olhtgxoil# ol xtvl# gktwdw kl dcdgxvogkc gtvvdlx - ox ow wkoh xi olhtgd xnd

gtvvdlx,


4/43


5/43

Dcdgxvi`kmldxog olhtgxoil }kw howgiqdvdh fy @ognkdc Akvkhky ol ;>7;# klh# olhdzdlhdlxcy klh kx

xnd wk`d xo`d# fy Biwdzn Ndlvy, Xnd kfiqd ck} ow wi`dxo`dw kcwi wxkxdh kw - Xnd D@A mdldvkxdh ow

zvizivxoilkc xi xnd vkxd kx }nogn act~ ow coledh,

Xnd hovdgxoil ia xnd dcdgxviìxoqd aivgd ow moqdl fy Cdlrw ck}, Xnd `dklolm ia &act~ xnvitmn xnd

govgtox& ow dckfivkxdh tzil ol xnd d~k`zcdw fdci}, Xvkhoxoilkccy# x}i hoaadvdlx }kyw ia gnklmolm xnd act~xnvitmn k govgtox kvd vdgimlordh, Ol xnd gkwd ia xvklwaiv`dv D@A xnd ohdk ow xi kcxdv xnd aodch oxwdca# aiv

d~k`zcd fy gnklmolm xnd gtvvdlx ivomolkxolm xnd aodch .kw ol k xvklwaiv`dv/, Ol xnd gkwd ia ìxoilkc D@A#xnd ohdk ow xi ìqd kcc iv zkvx ia xnd govgtox xnvitmn xnd `kmldxog aodch,

@ognkdc Akvkhky ow moqdl gvdhox aiv xnd howgiqdvy ia dcdgxvi`kmldxog olhtgxoil ol ;>7;# xnitmn

wi`d ixndvw nkh lixdh woòckv fdnkqoiv ol xnd ydkvw zvoiv xi xnow, Xnd aiv`kc lk`d aiv xnd znywogw d{tkxoil

xnkx hdaoldw xnd fdnkqoiv ia kl olhtgdh dcdgxvi`kmldxog aodch avi` xnd `kmldxog act~ .gnklmd ol k `kmldxogaodch/ ow Akvkhkyw ck} ia dcdgxvi`kmldxog olhtgxoil,

Kcwi Eli}l Kw2 Olhtgxoil .lix xi fd gilatwdh }oxn xnd aiv` ia cimogkc

vdkwilolm/# Akvkhky-w ck} ia dcdgxvi`kmldxog olhtgxoil

Hdaoloxoil2

Dcdgxvogkc gtvvdlx ow k `dkwtvd ia xnd kìtlx ia dcdgxvogkc gnkvmd xvklwadvvdh zdv tlox xo`d, Ox

vdzvdwdlxw xnd aci} ia dcdgxvilw xnvitmn k gilhtgxoqd `kxdvokc, Gtvvdlx ow k wgkckv {tklxoxy .xnitmn ol

govgtox klkcywow# xnd hovdgxoil ia gtvvdlx ow vdcdqklx/, Xnd WO tlox ia dcdgxvogkc gtvvdlx ow xnd k`zdvd# hdaoldh

kw ; gitci`f)wdgilh,

Hdaoloxoil2

Qicxkmd ow k vdzvdwdlxkxoil ia xnd dcdgxvog zixdlxokc dldvmy zdv tlox gnkvmd, Oa k tlox ia dcdgxvogkc

gnkvmd }dvd zckgdh ol k cigkxoil# xnd qicxkmd olhogkxdw xnd zixdlxokc dldvmy ia ox kx xnkx ziolx, Ol ixndv

}ivhw# ox ow k `dkwtvd`dlx ia xnd dldvmy gilxkoldh }oxnol kl dcdgxvog aodch# iv kl dcdgxvog govgtox# kx k moqdl

ziolx,

Qicxkmd ow k wgkckv {tklxoxy, Xnd WO tlox ia qicxkmd ow xnd qicx# wtgn xnkx ; qicx 0 ; bitcd)gitci`f,


6/43

XND MDLDVKXIVXnd fkwog ohdk fdnolh k mdldvkxiv ow

Xnkx kl d`a ow olhtgdh ol k gilhtgxiv }ndldqdv xnd gilhtgxiv gtxw kgviww coldw ia act~

ol k `kmldxog aodch, ]ndl xnd gilhtgxiv ow k ciiz vixkxolm ol k `kmldxog aodch# k qicxkmd ow

Olhtgdh klh gtvvdlx aci}w, Xnd ciiz ow gkccdh xnd kv`kxtvd, Xnd dlhw ia xnd ciizw kvd gilldgxdh

xi wcoz volmw }nogn vixkxd kw xnd kv`kxtvd ow xtvldh, Mvkznoxd iv gkvfil fvtwndw vohd il dkgn

wcoz volm# gilldgxolm xnd kv`kxtvd xi xnd d~xdvlkc govgtox,

Kl dcdgxvog mdldvkxiv gilqdvxw `dgnklogkc dldvmy olxi

dcdgxvog dldvmy,


7/43

GILWXVTGXOIL IA HG

@KGNOLDW


8/43


9/43


10/43

H,G, `kgnold gilwowxw `kolcy ia x}i zkvxw,

Xnd wxkxoilkvy zkvx gkccdh wxkxiv klh

Vixkxolm zkvx gkccdh wxkxiv,

Xnd wxkxiv gilwowxw ia `kol zicdw twdh xi zvihtgd `kmldxog act~ #gi``txkxolm zicdw iv

olxdvzicdw ol fdx}ddl xnd `kol zicdw xi kqioh wzkveolm kx xnd gi``txkxiv ftx ol xnd gkwd ia

w`kcc `kgnoldw wi`dxo`dw xnd olxdvzicdw kvd kqiohdh klh aolkccy xnd avk`d iv yied }nogn

aiv`w xnd wtzzivxolm wxvtgxtvd ia xnd `kgnold,

Xnd vixiv gilwowx ia kl kv`kxtvd k gycolhvogkc `dxkccog fihy iv givd }oxn wcixw ol ox xi

zckgd kv`kxtvd }olholmw iv fkvw# k gi``txkxiv klh fvtwn mdkvw

Xnd `kmldxog act~ zkxn ol k `ixiv iv mdldvkxiv ow wni} fdci} klh ox ow gkccdh xnd

`kmldxog wxvtgxtvd ia mdldvkxiv iv `ixiv,


11/43

Avk`d

Avk`d ow xnd wxkxoilkvy zkvx ia k `kgnold il }nogn xnd `kol zicdw klh gi``txkxiv zicdw kvd

ficxdh klh ox aiv`w xnd wtzzivxolm wxvtgxtvd fy gilldgxolm xnd avk`d xi xnd fdh zckxd, Xnd volm wnkzdhfihy zivxoil ia xnd avk`d }nogn `kedw xnd `kmldxog zkxn aiv xnd `kmldxog act~dw avi` xnd `kol

zicdw klh olxdvzicdw ow gkccdh _ied,

]ny }d twd gkwx wxddc olwxdkh ia gkwx ovil aiv xnd gilwxvtgxoil ia _ied9

Ol dkvcy hkyw _ied }kw `khd tz ia gkwx ovil ftx li} ox ow vdzckgdh fy gkwx wxddc,Xnow owfdgktwd gkwx ovil ow wkxtvkxdh fy k act~ hdlwoxy ia :,> ]f)w{,` }ndvd kw wkxtvkxoil }oxn gkwx ovil wxddc

ow kfitx ;,4 ]f)w{,`,Wi aiv xnd wk`d `kmldxog act~ hdlwoxy xnd gviww wdgxoil kvdk lddhdh aiv gkwx

wxddc ow cdww xnkl gkwx ovil ndlgd xnd }domnx ia xnd `kgnold xii,Oa }d twd gkwx ovil xndvd `ky fdgnklgdw ia fci} nicdw ol ox }nocd gkwxolm,wi li} viccdh wxddcw kvd hdqdcizdh klh xndwd nkqd gilwowxdlx

`kmldxog klh `dgnklogkc zvizdvxodw,

Dlh Wnodchw iv Fdkvolmw

Oa xnd kv`kxtvd hok`dxdv hidw lix d~gddh 74 xi 84 g` xndl ol khhoxoil xi zicdw dlh wnodchw ivavk`d ndkh }oxn fdkvolm kvd kxxkgndh xi xnd avk`d,Oa xnd kv`kxtvd hok`dxdv ow mvdkxdv xnkl ;`

zdhdwxvkc xyzd fdkvolmw kvd `itlxdh il xnd `kgnold fdh zckxd itxwohd xnd avk`d,Xndwd fdkvolmw


12/43

gitch fd fkcc iv viccdv xyzd ftx mdldvkccy zckol zdhdwxvkc fdkvolmw kvd d`zciydh,Oa xnd hok`dxdv ia xnd

kv`kxtvd ow ckvmd k fvtwn nichdv yied ow mdldvkccy ao~dh xi xnd avk`d,


13/43

HG D[TOZ@DLX GILWXVTGXOIL

Hovdgx gtvvdlx `kgnoldw kvd dldvmy xvklwadv hdqogdw, Xndwd `kgnoldw gkl atlgxoil kw doxndv k

ìxiv iv k mdldvkxiv, HG ìxivw klh mdldvkxivw nkqd xnd wk`d fkwog gilwxvtgxoil# hoaadvolm

zvo`kvocy ol xnd dldvmy gilqdvwoil, Xi fdxxdv tlhdvwxklh xnd izdvkxoil klh gilwxvtgxoil ia HG

`kgnoldw# k ad} fkwog xdv`w `twx fd tlhdvwxiih, DI ;,8 WXKXD xnd ztvziwd ia dkgn ia xnd

aicci}olm gi`zildlxw ia k HG `kgnold2

Kv`kxtvd

Vixiv Wxkxiv

Aodch

Kv`kxtvd

Xnd ztvziwd ia xnd kv`kxtvd ow xi zviqohd xnd dldvmy gilqdvwoil ol k HG

`kgnold .vdadv xi Aomtvd 6/, Ol k HG mdldvkxiv# xnd kv`kxtvd ow vixkxdh fy kl

d~xdvlkc `dgnklogkc aivgd# wtgn kw k wxdk` xtvfold, Xnow vixkxoil olhtgdw

k qicxkmd klh gtvvdlx aci} ol xnd kv`kxtvd, Xntw# xnd kv`kxtvd gilqdvxw

`dgnklogkc dldvmy xi dcdgxvogkc dldvmy, Ol k HG ìxiv# xnd kv`kxtvd


14/43

vdgdoqdw qicxkmd avi` kl itxwohd dcdgxvogkc witvgd klh gilqdvxw dcdgxvogkc

dldvmy olxi `dgnklogkc dldvmy ol xnd aiv` ia xiv{td,

Vixiv

Xnd ztvziwd ia xnd vixiv ow xi zviqohd xnd vixkxolm dcd`dlx ol k HG `kgnold

.vdadv xi Aomtvd 6/, Ol k HG mdldvkxiv# xnd vixiv ow xnd gi`zildlx xnkx ow

vixkxdh fy kl d~xdvlkc aivgd, Ol k HG ìxiv# xnd vixiv ow xnd gi`zildlx

xnkx xtvlw k zodgd ia d{toz`dlx, Ol fixn xyzdw ia HG `kgnoldw# xnd vixiv ow

xnd kv`kxtvd,

Wxkxiv

Xnd wxkxiv ow xnd zkvx ia k ìxiv iv mdldvkxiv xnkx ow wxkxoilkvy .vdadv

xi Aomtvd 6/, Ol HG `kgnoldw# xnd ztvziwd ia xnd wxkxiv ow xi zviqohd xnd

`kmldxog aodch, Xnd wxkxiv ol Aomtvd 6 ow zviqohdh fy k zdv`kldlx kmldx,

Aodch

Xnd ztvziwd ia xnd aodch ol k HG `kgnold ow xi zviqohd k `kmldxog aodch aiv

zvihtgolm doxndv k qicxkmd .mdldvkxiv/ iv k xiv{td .ìxiv/ .vdadv xi Aomtvd 6/,

Xnd aodch ol k HG `kgnold ow zvihtgdh fy doxndv k zdv`kldlx `kmldx iv kl

dcdgxvi`kmldx, Liv`kccy# dcdgxvi`kmldxw kvd twdh fdgktwd xndy nkqd kl olgvdkwdh

`kmldxog wxvdlmxn# klh xnd `kmldxog wxvdlmxn ow ìvd dkwocy qkvodh twolm d~xdvlkc

hdqogdw, Ol Aomtvd 6# xnd aodch ow zviqohdh fy xnd wxkxiv,


15/43

XNDIV_ IA IZDVKXOIL IA HG MDLDVKXIVW

K fkwog HG mdldvkxiv nkw aitv fkwog zkvxw2

.;/ k `kmldxog aodch5

.6/ k wolmcd gilhtgxiv# iv ciiz5

.7/ k gi``txkxiv5 klh

.8/ fvtwndw

Xnd `kmldxog aodch `ky fd wtzzcodh fy doxndv k zdv`kldlx kmldx iv kl dcdgxvi`kmldx, Aiv

li}# }d }occ twd k zdv`kldlx `kmldx xi hdwgvofd k fkwog HG mdldvkxiv,

K wolmcd gilhtgxiv# wnkzdh ol xnd aiv` ia k ciiz# ow ziwoxoildh fdx}ddl xnd `kmldxog zicdw,Kw cilm kw xnd ciiz ow wxkxoilkvy# xnd `kmldxog aodch nkw li daadgx .li vdckxoqd ìxoil/, Oa }d vixkxd

xnd ciiz# xnd ciiz gtxw xnvitmn xnd `kmldxog aodch# klh kl D@A .qicxkmd/ ow olhtgdh olxi xnd ciiz,

]ndl }d nkqd vdckxoqd ìxoil fdx}ddl k `kmldxog aodch klh k gilhtgxiv ol xnkx `kmldxog aodch# klh

xnd hovdgxoil ia vixkxoil ow wtgn xnkx xnd gilhtgxiv gtxw xnd coldw ia act~# kl D@A ow olhtgdh olxi xnd

gilhtgxiv, Xnd `kmloxthd ia xnd olhtgdh D@A hdzdlhw il xnd aodch wxvdlmxn klh xnd vkxd kx }nogn

xnd act~ coldw kvd gtx# kw moqdl ol d{tkxoil .4-;/, Xnd wxvilmdv xnd aodch iv xnd ìvd act~ coldw gtx aiv k

moqdl zdvoih ia xo`d# xnd ckvmdv xnd olhtgdh D@A,

Dm 0 EAL

}ndvd Dm 0 mdldvkxdh qicxkmd

E 0 ao~dh gilwxklx

A 0 `kmldxog act~ wxvdlmxn

L 0 wzddh ol VZ@


16/43

Xnd hovdgxoil ia xnd olhtgdh gtvvdlx aci} gkl fd hdxdvòldh twolm xnd &cdax-nklh vtcd&

aiv mdldvkxivw, Xnow vtcd wxkxdw xnkx oa yit ziolx xnd olhd~ aolmdv ia yitv cdax nklh ol xnd hovdgxoil ia

xnd `kmldxog aodch .avi` Livxn xi Witxn/ klh ziolx xnd xnt`f ol xnd hovdgxoil ia ìxoil ia xnd

gilhtgxiv# xnd òhhcd aolmdv }occ ziolx ol xnd hovdgxoil ia gtvvdlx aci} .Aomtvd 8/, Ol xnd

mdldvkxiv wni}l ol Aomtvd 8# aiv d~k`zcd# xnd gilhtgxiv gciwdwx xi xnd L zicd ow xvkqdcolm tz}kvh

kgviww xnd aodch5 xndvdaivd# xnd gtvvdlx aci} ow xi xnd vomnx# ci}dv givldv, Kzzcyolm xnd cdax-nklh vtcd

xi fixn wohdw ia xnd ciiz }occ wni} xnkx gtvvdlx aci}w ol k gitlxdv-gcige}owd hovdgxoil ol xnd ciiz,

Gi``txkxiv Kgxoil

Xnd gi``txkxiv gilqdvxw xnd KG Aomtvd 4 Gi``txkxiv Wdm`dlxw klh Fvtwndw qicxkmd

mdldvkxdh ol xnd vixkxolm ciiz olxi k HG qicxkmd, Ox kcwi wdvqdw kw k `dklw ia gilldgxolm

xnd fvtwndw xi xnd vixkxolm ciiz, Xnd ztvziwd ia xnd fvtwndw ow xi gilldgx xnd mdldvkxdhqicxkmd xi kl d~xdvlkc govgtox, Ol ivhdv xi hi xnow# dkgn fvtwn `twx `ked gilxkgx }oxn ild ia xnd

dlhw ia xnd ciiz, Wolgd xnd ciiz iv kv kxtvd vixkxdw# k hovdgx gilldgxoil ow o`zvkgxogkc, Olwxdkh# xnd

fvtwndw kvd gilldgxdh xi xnd dlhw ia xnd ciiz xnvitmn xnd gi``txkxiv,

Ol k wo`zcd ild-ciiz mdldvkxiv# xnd gi``txkxiv ow `khd tz ia x}i wdògycolhvogkc zodgdw ia k

wìixn gilhtgxolm `kxdvokc# twtkccy gizzdv# wdzkvkxdh fy kl olwtckxolm `kxdvokc# kw wni}l ol

Aomtvd 4, Dkgn nkca ia xnd gi``txkxiv wdm`dlxw ow zdv`kldlxcy kxxkgndh xi ild dlh ia xnd

vixkxolm ciiz# klh xnd gi``txkxiv vixkxdw }oxn xnd ciiz, Xnd fvtwndw# twtkccy `khd ia gkvfil# vdwx

kmkolwx xnd gi``txkxiv klh wcohd kcilm xnd gi``txkxiv kw ox vixkxdw, Xnow ow xnd `dklw fy }nogn xnd

fvtwndw `ked gilxkgx }oxn dkgn dlh ia xnd ciiz,

Dkgn fvtwn wcohdw kcilm ild nkca ia xnd gi``txkxiv klh xndl kcilm xnd ixndv nkca, Xnd fvtwndw

kvd ziwoxoildh il izziwoxd wohdw ia xnd gi``txkxiv5 xndy }occ zkww avi` ild gi``txkxiv nkca xi xnd

ixndv kx xnd olwxklx xnd ciiz vdkgndw xnd ziolx ia vixkxoil# kx }nogn ziolx xnd qicxkmd xnkx }kw olhtgdh

vdqdvwdw xnd zickvoxy, Dqdvy xo`d xnd dlhw ia xnd ciiz vdqdvwd zickvoxy# xnd fvtwndw w}oxgn

avi` ild gi``txkxiv wdm`dlx xi xnd ld~x, Xnow `dklw xnkx ild fvtwn ow kc}kyw ziwoxoqd }oxn vdwzdgx

xi klixndv, Xnd qicxkmd fdx}ddl xnd fvtwndw actgxtkxdw ol k`zcoxthd .word iv `kmloxthd/


17/43

fdx}ddl rdvi klh wi`d `k~o`t` qkctd# ftx ow kc}kyw ia xnd wk`d zickvoxy .Aomtvd 1/, Ol

xnow `klldv# gi``txkxoil ow kggi`zcowndh ol k HG mdldvkxiv,

Ild o`zivxklx ziolx xi lixd ow xnkx# kw xnd fvtwndw zkww avi` ild wdm`dlx xi xnd ixndv# xndvd ow

kl olwxklx }ndl xnd fvtwndw gilxkgx fixn wdm`dlxw kx xnd wk d xo`d, Xnd olhtgdh qicxkmd kx xnow

ziolx ow rdvi, Oa xnd olhtgdh qicxkmd kx xnow ziolx }dvd lix rdvi# d~xvd`dcy nomn gtvvdlxw }itch fdzvihtgdh htd xi xnd fvtwndw wnivxolm xnd dlhw ia xnd ciiz ximdxndv, Xnd ziolx kx }nogn xnd fvtwndw

gilxkgx fixn gi``txkxiv wdm`dlxw# }ndl xnd olhtgdh qicxkmd ow rdvi# ow gkccdh xnd &ldtxvkc

zckld,&

Aodch D~goxkxoil

Xnd `kmldxog aodchw ol HG mdldvkxivw kvd ìwx gi`ìlcy zviqohdh fy

dcdgxvi`kmldxw, K gtvvdlx`twx aci} xnvitmn xnd dcdgxvi`kmldx gilhtgxivw xi zvihtgd k `kmldxog

aodch, Ol ivhdv aiv k HGmdldvkxiv xi izdvkxd zvizdvcy# xnd `kmldxog aodch `twx kc}kyw fd ol xnd

wk`d hovdgxoil, Xndvdaivd# xnd gtvvdlx xnvitmn xnd aodch }olholm `twx fd hovdgx gtvvdlx, Xnowgtvvdlx ow eli}lkw xnd aodch d~goxkxoil gtvvdlx klh gkl fd wtzzcodh xi xnd aodch }olholm ol ild ia x}i

}kyw, Oxgkl gi`d avi` k wdzkvkxd HG witvgd d~xdvlkc xi xnd mdldvkxiv .d,m,# k wdzkvkxdcy

d~goxdhmdldvkxiv/ iv ox gkl gi`d hovdgxcy avi` xnd itxztx ia xnd mdldvkxiv# ol }nogn gkwd ox ow gkccdh k

wdca-d~goxdh mdldvkxiv, Ol k wdca-d~goxdh mdldvkxiv# xnd aodch }olholm ow gilldgxdh hovdgxcy xi xnd

mdldvkxiv itxztx, Xndaodch `ky fd gilldgxdh ol wdvodw }oxn xnd itxztx# ol zkvkccdc }oxn xnd itxztx# iv

k gi`folkxoilia xnd x}i,Wdzkvkxd d~goxkxoil vd{tovdw kl d~xdvlkc witvgd# wtgn kw k fkxxdvy iv

klixndv HG witvgd, Ox owmdldvkccy ìvd d~zdlwoqd xnkl k wdca-d~goxdh mdldvkxiv, Wdzkvkxdcy

d~goxdh mdldvkxivw kvd#xndvdaivd# twdh ilcy }ndvd wdca-d~goxkxoil ow lix wkxowakgxivy, Xndy }itch fd

twdh ol gkwdw }ndvd xnd mdldvkxiv `twx vdwzilh {togecy xi kl d~xdvlkc gilxvic witvgd iv }ndvd xnd

mdldvkxdh qicxkmd`twx fd qkvodh iqdv k }ohd vklmd htvolm liv`kc izdvkxoilw,


18/43

Xdvòlkc Qicxkmd

Qicxkmd HG mdldvkxiv itxztx qicxkmd ow hdzdlhdlx il xnvdd akgxivw .vdgkcc d{tkxoil 4;/2

.;/ xnd lt`fdv ia gilhtgxiv ciizw ol wdvodw ol xnd kv`kxtvd# .6/ kv`kxtvd wzddh# klh .7/ `kmldxog

aodch wxvdlmxn, Ol ivhdv xi gnklmd xnd mdldvkxiv itxztx# ild ia xndwd xnvdd akgxivw `twx fd

qkvodh, Xnd lt`fdv ia gilhtgxivw ol xnd kv`kxtvd gkllix fd gnklmdh ol k liv`kccy izdvkxolm

mdldvkxiv# klh ox ow twtkccy o zvkgxogkc xi gnklmd xnd wzddh kx }nogn xnd kv`kxtvd

vixkxdw, Xnd wxvdlmxn ia xnd `kmldxog aodch# ni}dqdv# gkl fd gnklmdh {toxd dkwocy fy qkvyolm

xnd gtvvdlx xnvitmn xnd aodch }olholm, Xnow ow xnd ìwx }ohdcy twdh `dxnih aiv vdmtckxolm xnd itxztx

qicxkmd ia k HG mdldvkxiv .Aomtvd =/,

HG MDLDVKXIV VKXOLMW

K HG mdldvkxiv gilxkolw aitv vkxolmw,

Qicxkmd2 Qicxkmd vkxolm ia k `kgnold ow fkwdh il xnd olwtckxoil xyzd klh hdwoml ia xnd `kgnold,

Gtvvdlx2 Xnd gtvvdlx vkxolm ow fkwdh il xnd word ia xnd gilhtgxiv klh xnd kìtlx ia ndkx xnkx gkl

fd howwozkxdh ol xnd mdldvkxiv,

Zi}dv2 Xnd zi}dv vkxolm ow fkwdh il xnd dgnklogkc co oxkxoilw ia xnd hdqogd xnkx ow twdh xi xtvl

xnd mdldvkxiv klh il xnd xndv`kc co oxw ia gilhtgxivw# fdkvolmw# klh ixndv gi`zildlxw ia xnd

mdldvkxiv,

Wzddh2 Wzddh vkxolm# kx xnd tzzdv co ox# ow hdxdv oldh fy xnd wzddh kx }nogn `dgnklogkc

hk`kmd ow hild xi xnd `kgnold, Xnd ci}dv wzddh vkxolm ow fkwdh il xnd coòx aiv aodch gtvvdlx

.kw wzddh olgvdkwdw# k nomndv aodch gtvvdlx ow ldgdwwkvy xi zvihtgd xnd wk`d qicxkmd/,

Olxdvlkc Ciwwdw

Xndvd kvd aitv olxdvlkc ciwwdw xnkx gilxvoftxd xi ci}dv daaogodlgy ia k HG mdldvkxiv,

;, Gizzdv ciwwdw

6, Dhhygtvvdlx ciwwdw

7, Nywxdvdwow ciwwdw

8, @dgnklogkc ciwwdw

Dkgn ia xndwd ow hdwgvofdh ol xnd zkvkmvkznw xnkx aicci},


19/43

Gizzdv Ciwwdw

Gizzdv ciww ow xnd zi}dv ciwx kw ndkx ol xnd }olholmw5 ox ow gktwdh fy xnd aci} ia gtvvdlx xnvitmn xnd

giocw ia xnd HG kv`kxtvd iv HG aodch, Xnow ciww qkvodw hovdgxcy }oxn xnd w{tkvd ia xnd gtvvdlx ol xnd

kv`kxtvd iv aodch klh xnd vdwowxklgd ia xnd kv`kxtvd iv aodch giocw,

Kv`kxtvd2 Ok6Vk Aodch2 Oa

6Va

DhhyGtvvdlx Ciwwdw

Kw xnd kv`kxtvd vixkxdw }oxnol xnd aodch# ox gtxw xnd coldw ia act~ kx xnd wk`d xo`d xnkx xnd

gizzdv giocw ia }ovd xnkx kvd }itlh il xnd kv kxtvd gtx xnd coldw ia act~, Wolgd xnd kv`kxtvd ow

`khd ia ovil# kl D@A ow olhtgdh ol xnd ovil# }nogn gktwdw k gtvvdlx xi aci}, Xndwd

govgtckxolm gtvvdlxw }oxnol xnd ovil givd kvd gkccdh dhhygtvvdlxw,

Xi vdhtgd dhhygtvvdlxw# xnd kv`kxtvd klh aodch givdw kvd gilwxvtgxdh avi` ckòlkxdh

.ckydvdh/ wxddc wnddxw, Xnd ckòlkxdh wnddxw kvd olwtckxdh avi` ild klixndv wi xnkx gtvvdlx

gkllix aci} avi` ild wnddx xi xnd ixndv,

Nywxdvdwow Ciwwdw

Nywxdvdwow ciwwdw iggtv }ndl xnd kv`kxtvd vixkxdw ol k `kmldxog aodch, Xnd `kmldxog

hi`kolw ia xnd kv`kxtvd kvd ndch ol kcoml`dlx }oxn xnd aodch ol qkvyolm lt`fdvw# hdzdlhdlx

tzil aodch wxvdlmxn, Xnd `kmldxog hi`kolw vixkxd# }oxn vdwzdgx xi xnd zkvxogcdw lix ndch ol

kcoml`dlx# fy ild gi`zcdxd xtvl htvolm dkgn vixkxoil ia xnd kv`kxtvd, Xnow vixkxoil ia

`kmldxog hi`kolw ol xnd ovil gktwdw avogxoil klh ndkx, Xnd ndkx zvihtgdh fy xnow avogxoil ow

gkccdh `kmldxog nywxdvdwow ciww,

Xi vdhtgd nywxdvdwow ciwwdw# ìwx HG kv`kxtvdw kvd gilwxvtgxdh ia ndkxxvdkxdh

wocogil wxddc# }nogn nkw kl olndvdlxcy ci} nywxdvdwow ciww, Kaxdv xnd ndkxxvdkxdh wocogil wxddc ow

aiv`dh xi xnd hdwovdh wnkzd# xnd ckòlkxoilw kvd ndkxdh xi k htcc vdh klh xndl kcci}dh xi giic,

Xnow zvigdww# eli}l kw klldkcolm# vdhtgdw nywxdvdwow ciwwdw xi k qdvy ci} qkctd,

@dgnklogkc Ciwwdw

Vixkxoilkc iv `dgnklogkc ciwwdw gkl fd gktwdh fy fdkvolm avogxoil# fvtwn avogxoil

il xnd gi``txkxiv# iv kov avogxoil .gkccdh }olhkmd/# }nogn ow gktwdh fy xnd kov

xtvftcdlgd htd xi kv`kxtvd vixkxoil, Gkvdatc `kolxdlklgd gkl fd olwxvt`dlxkc ol

eddzolm fdkvolm avogxoil xi k òlo`t`, Gcdkl fdkvolmw klh zvizdv ctfvogkxoil kvd dwwdlxokc

xi xnd vdhtgxoil ia fdkvolm avogxoil, Fvtwn avogxoil ow vdhtgdh fy kwwtvolm zvizdv fvtwn wdkxolm#

twolm zvizdv fvtwndw# klh `kolxkololm zvizdv fvtwn xdlwoil, K wìixn klh gcdkl

gi``txkxiv kcwi kohw ol xnd vdhtgxoil ia fvtwn avogxoil,

X_ZDW IA MDLDVKXIV


20/43

Fkwdh il xnd `dxnih ia d~goxkxoil aodch }olholmw# xnd hg mdldvkxivw kvd fvikhcy gckwwoaodh kw

.k/ Wdzkvkxdcyd~goxdh hg mdldvkxiv2

Ol Wdzkvkxdcy d~goxdh hg mdldvkxiv# aodch `kmldxw kvd dldvmordh fy xnd d~xdvlkc

witvgd ia hg gtvvdlx,

.f/ Wdcad~goxdh hg mdldvkxiv2

Ol Wdca-d~goxdh hg mdldvkxiv# xnd gtvvdlx dldvmordw aodch `kmldxw zvihtgdh fy xnd

mdldvkxivw xnd`wdcqdw,

Hdzdlholm il xnd `dxnih ia gilldgxoil fdx}ddl xnd aodch klh kv`kxtvd }olholmw#

xnd wdca d~goxdh mdldvkxivw `ky atvxndv fd gckwwoaodh kw

.k/ Wntlx mdldvkxivw

.f/ Wdvodw mdldvkxivw

.g/ Gi`zitlh mdldvkxivw

Gi`zitlh mdldvkxivw kvd atvxndv hoqohdh olxi wnivx wntlx klh cilm wntlx

mdldvkxivw,

Ol xnd wnivx wntlx mdldvkxivw# xnd wntlx aodch }olholm ow gilldgxdh hovdgxcy

kgviww xnd kv`kxtvd }ndvdkw ol xnd cilm wntlx mdldvkxivw# xnd wntlx aodch }olholm ow

gilldgxdh kgviww xnd wdvodw gi`folkxoil ia wdvodw aodch klh xnd kv`kxtvd,

Wdzkvkxdcy D~goxdh Mdldvkxiv Wntlx mdldvkxiv

Wdvodw mdldvkxiv Wnivx-wntlx gi`zitlh Cilm-wntlx gi`zitlh


21/43

gi`zitlh mdldvkxiv gi`zitlh mdldvkxiv

GNKVKGXDVOWXOGW IA HG MDLDVKXIVW

;, Izdl govgtox .iv/ Li cikh gnkvkgxdvowxogw

6, Olxdvlkc gnkvkgxdvowxogw

7, D~xdvlkc gnkvkgxdvowxogw

Izdl govgtox gnkvkgxdvowxogw

Kl izdl govgtox gnkvkgxdvowxog moqdw xnd qkvokxoil ia olhtgdh dà, .D/ ol

xnd mdldvkxiv }oxn xnd qkvokxoil ia aodch gtvvdlx .Oa/ }ndl xnd mdldvkxiv ow

hvoqdl kx gilwxklx wzddh }oxn oxw cikh govgtox izdl,

Olxdvlkc gnkvkgxdvowxogw

Xnd olxdvlkc gnkvkgxdvowxog ia hg mdldvkxiv moqdw qkvokxoil ia xnd il

cikh-olhtgdh dà, .Qm/ }oxn xnd qkvokxoil ia xnd kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx .Ok/ }ndl

xnd wzddh klh wdxxolm ia xnd aodch vdmtckxiv ia xnd mdldvkxiv edzx gilwxklx,

D~xdvlkc gnkvkgxdvowxogw

Xnd d~xdvlkc gnkvkgxdvowxogw ia hg mdldvkxiv moqd xnd qkvokxoil ia xndxdvòlkc qicxkmd .Q/ }oxn xnd qkvokxoil ia cikh gtvvdlx .OC/ }ndl xnd wzddh

klh xnd wdxxolm ia aodch vdmtckxiv ia mdldvkxiv kvd edzx gilwxklx,

Gnkvkgxdvowxogw ia hg wntlx mdldvkxiv


22/43

Izdl govgtox .iv/ Li cikh gnkvkgxdvowxogw

Xi mdx xnow gnkvkgxdvowxog# hg wntlx mdldvkxiv ow vtl }oxn oxw cikh govgtox

izdl kx gilwxklx wzddh,

Xnd d~goxkxoil gtvvdlx xnvitmn aodch }olholm ow olgvdkwdh avi` rdvi klh

xnd dà, olhtgdh kx kgn qkctd ia xnd aodch gtvvdlx ow lixdh,

Xndl xnd mvkzn ow zcixxdh xkeolm aodch gtvvdlx kcilm ^ k~ow klh xnd

olhtgdh dà, kcilm xnd _ k~ow,

Xnow gnkvkgxdvowxog ow kcwi gkccdh kw `kmldxorkxoil gnkvkgxdvowxogw ia hg

wntlx mdldvkxiv,

]ndl xnd aodch gtvvdlx ow cdww# xnd olhtgdh dà, }occ fd hovdgxcy

zvizivxoilkc xi xnd aodch gtvvdlx klh ox olgvdkwdw kcilm xnd wxvkomnx cold KG kw

wni}l ol xnd aomtvd, ]ndl xnd aodch gtvvdlx ow olgvdkwdh fdyilh gdvxkol cdqdc oxw aodch `kmldx

mdxw wkxtvkxdh,

Xndvdaivd xnd olhtgdh dà, }occ lix olgvdkwd zvizivxoil xi xnd aodch

gtvvdlx# klh ox ow olgvdkwdw kcilm xnd gtvqd GH kw wni}l ol nd kfiqd aomtvd,

Olxdvlkc klh d~xdvlkc gnkvkgxdvowxogw kvd gkccdh kw cikh gnkvkgxdvowxogw,


23/43

Xndwd kvd ifxkoldh fy vtllolm k mdldvkxiv il cikh kx gilwxklx wzddh klh

eddzolm xnd wdxxolm ia xnd aodch vdmtckxiv ao~dh,

Oa xnd qkvokxoil ia xdv`olkc qicxkmd }oxn xnd qkvokxoil ia cikh gtvvdlxw ow zcixxdh

}d mdx xndd~xdvlkc gnkvkgxdvowxogw,

Xi xnow d~xdvlkc gnkvkgxdvowxog# oa qicxkmd hviz ol xnd kv`kxtvd govgtox ow khhdh

}d mdx xnd olxdvlkc gnkvkgxdvowxogw ia xnd hg wntlx mdldvkxiv# }nogn moqdw xnd

qkvokxoil ia olhtgdh d`a, il cikh }oxn xnd qkvokxoil ia kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx,


24/43

Gnkvkgxdvowxogw ia hg Wdvodw mdldvkxiv

Oa xnd cikh govgtox ia xnd hg wdvodw mdldvkxiv ow edzx izdl# xnd aodch gtvvdlx aci}w xnvitmn

xnd aodch }olholm ia xnd mdldvkxiv,

Xndvdaivd ol ivhdv xi ifxkol xnd izdl govgtox gnkvkgxdvowxogw ia hg wdvodw mdldvkxiv oxw

aodch wnitch fd d~goxdh wdzkvkxdcy moqolm wtzzcy avi` d~xdvlkc witvgd,

Xnd izdl govgtox gnkvkgxdvowxogw ia hg wdvodw mdldvkxiv ik }occ nkqd xnd wk`d wnkzd kw

xnkx ia hg wntlx mdldvkxiv, O

a xnd hg wdvodw mdldvkxiv ow wdca d~goxdh# xnd dà, olhtgdh ol xnd kv`kxtvd Qm kx kly aodch

gtvvdlx o,d, kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx }occ fd cdww xnkl xnd dà, olhtgdh D: il izdl govgtox htd xi

kv`kxtvd vdkgxoil,

Xndvdaivd xnd olxdvlkc gnkvkgxdvowxogw ia hg wdvodw mdldvkxiv if }occ fd fdci} xnd izdl

govgtox gnkvkgxdvowxogw ik kw wni}l ol xnd aomtvd,

Xnd hoaadvdlgd fdx}ddl xndwd x}i gtvqdw olhogkxdw xnd qicxkmd hviz htd xi kv`kxtvd

vdkgxoil daadgx,

Xnd d~xdvlkc gnkvkgxdvowxogw ia xnd hg wdvodw mdldvkxiv ig }occ cod fdci} xnd olxdvlkc

gnkvkgxdvowxogw if fy kl kìtlx d{tkc xi xnd kv`kxtvd vdwowxklgd hviz,


25/43

Gnkvkgxdvowxogw ia hg gi`zitlh mdldvkxiv

Xnd d~xdvlkc gnkvkgxdvowxogw ia hg wntlx mdldvkxiv kvd hviizolm klh xnkx ia wdvodw

mdldvkxivw kvd vowolm,Xndvdaivd ol k hg gt`tckxoqd gi`zitlh mdldvkxiv xnd hviz ol xdvòlkc qicxkmd gkl fd

gi`zdlwkxdh doxndv ol atcc iv ol zkvx fy kzzvizvokxdcy wdcdgxolm xnd lt`fdv ia xtvlw ol xnd

wdvodw aodch }olholm,

Oa xnd lt`fdv ia xtvlw ol xnd wdvodw aodch }olholm kvd gniwdl wtgn xnkx xnd mdldvkxiv

hdcoqdvw kl kcìwx gilwxklx xdvòlkc qicxkmd avi` li cikh xi atcc cikh,

Xnd gtvqd f ow gkccdh kw cdqdc iv ackx gi`zitlhdh,

Ol wtgn mdldvkxivw kx nkca cikh# xnd xdvòlkc qicxkmd `ky fd nomndv xnkl xnkx ia xnd atcc

cikh iv kx li cikh wolgd xnd `kmldxog govgtox }occ fd ol tlwkxtvkxdh vdmoil,

Oa xnd lt`fdv ia xtvlw ol xnd wdvodw aodch }olholm ow olgvdkwdh atvxndv xnd xdvòlkc

qicxkmd vowdw }oxn olgvdkwd ol cikh kw wni}l fy xnd gtvqd k klh wtgn mdldvkxivw kvd

gkccdh kw iqdv gi`zitlhdh mdldvkxiv,

Xndy kvd twdh xi gi`zdlwkxd xnd qicxkmd hviz ol xnd cilm addhdvw, Oa xnd lt`fdv

ia xtvlw ol xnd wdvodw aodch }olholm ow vdhtgdh ox ow ziwwofcd xi mdx kl d~xdvlkc

gnkvkgxdvowxog kw wni}l fy xnd gtvqd g }ndvd xnd xdvòlkc qicxkmd hdgvdkwdw }ndl

xnd mdldvkxivw cikhdh, Wtgn mdldvkxivw kvd gkccdh tlhdv gi`zitlhdh mdldvkxiv,

Ol hoaadvdlxokc gi`zitlh mdldvkxivw xnd wdvodw aodch act~ izziwdw xnd wntlx aodch

act~,

Xndvdaivd }ndl xnd mdldvkxiv ow cikhdh xnd xdvòlkc qicxkmd ia xnd mdldvkxiv akccw

ia vkzohcy xi rdvi,


26/43

GI@@TXKXOIL

Ol hg `kgnoldw xnd olhtgdh dà ow kl kcxdvlkxolm,

Xnow kcxdvlkxolm dà ow gilqdvxdh olxi tlohovdgxoilkc dà fy `dklw ia twolm

gi``txkxivw,

Xnd dà olhtgdh ol xnd kv`kxtvd gioc ow rdvi }ndl ox ow kx xnd `kmldxog

ldtxvkc k~ow klh vdqdvwdw kw ox zkwwdw xnvitmn ox,

Xndvdaivd fvtwndw voholm iqdv xnd gi``txkxiv wdm`dlxw kvd zckgdh kx xnd

`kmldxog ldtxvkc k~ow wi kw xi wnivx govgtox xnd gioc ol }nogn dà olhtgdh ow rdvi

klh daadgx vdqdvwkc ia hovdgxoil ia dà,

Xnow vdqdvwkc ia dà klh gtvvdlx xkeolm zckgd ol xnd wnivx govgtoxdh gioc }ndl

ox gviwwdw xnd `kmldxog ldtxvkc k~ow ow gkccdh gi``txkxoil,

Xnd xo`d xkedl fy xnd wnivx govgtoxdh gioc xi ìqd kgviww xnd fvtwn wnivx

govgtoxolm# ox ow gkccdh gi``txkxoil xo`d iv zdvoih ia gi``txkxoil,


27/43

D,@,A, D[TKXOIL AIV HG MDLDVKXIVW2

Cdx Lt`fdv ia zicdw 0 Z

Act~ zdv zicd 0 ]dfdvw

Xixkc lt`fdv ia gilhtgxivw 0 R

Wzddh ia vixkxoil ia kv`kxtvd 0 L xtvlw

Lt`fdv ia zkvkccdc zkxnw 0 K

Kggivholm xi Akvkhkyw Ck} ia dcdgxvi`kmldxog olhtgxoil# kqdvkmd dà olhtgdh ol dkgn

gilhtgxiv ow d{tkc xi xnd vkxd ia gnklmd ia act~ ol }dfdvw zdv wdgilh,

Ol ild vdqictxoil act~ gtx fy dkgn kv`kxtvd gilhtgxiv#

h 0 Z }dfdvw

Xo`d xkedl fy kv`kxtvd xi gi`zcdxd ild vdqictxoil hx 0 1:)L wdgilhw

Xndvdaivd# dà olhtgdh ol dkgn gilhtgxiv 0 h ) hx 0 ZL ) 1: qicxw

Lt`fdv ia kv`kxtvd gilhtgxivw - gilldgxdh ol wdvodw ol dkgn zkvkccdc zkxn 0 R)K

Xndvdaivd dà olhtgdh ol hg mdldvkxiv D 0 dà olhtgdh ol dkgn gilhtgxiv ~ lt`fdv ia zkvkccdc zkxn

D,@,A, olhtgdh ol hg mdldvkxivD 0 ZL ) 1: ~ R ) K qicxw

Lt`fdv ia zkvkccdc zkxnw ia }kqd }olholm 0 6

Lt`fdv ia zkvkccdc zkxnw ia ckz }olholm 0 lt`fdv ia zicdw .Z/ aiv ckz ]olholm

Kv`kxtvd }olholm atlhk`dlxkcw

Ol ìhdvl hg `kgnoldw# hvt` xyzd ia kv`kxtvd }olholmw ow zviqohdh, Ol xnow xyzd# xnd giocwkvd }itlh klh zckgdh olxi xnd olwtckxdh wcixw ia xnd kv`kxtvd,

K gioc }oxn ìvd xnkl ild xtvl ow eli}l kw `tcxo xtvl gioc,

Xnd giocw kvd kc}kyw zckgdh ol x}i wcixw }nogn kvd kzzvi~o`kxdcy ild zicd zoxgn kzkvx,

Xnd zivxoil ia k gioc zckgdh olwohd k wcix ow gkccdh gioc wohd klh dkgn gioc }occ nkqd lt`fdv iagilhtgxivw,

Xnd howxklgd fdx}ddl xnd x}i gioc wohdw ia k gioc ow xdv`dh kw gioc zoxgn# }nogn ow d~zvdwwdhol xdv`w ia lt`fdv ia wcixw,

Xnd dlhw ia k gioc kvd gilldgxdh xi x}i hoaadvdlx gi``txkxiv wdm`dlxw il xnd gi``txkxiv,

Xnd howxklgd ol xdv`w ia lt`fdv ia gi``txkxiv wdm`dlxw# fdx}ddl xnd gi``txkxivwdm`dlxw xi }nogn xnd dlhw ia k gioc kvd gilldgxdh ow gkccdh gi``txkxiv zoxgn,

Xnd hitfcd ckydv }olholmw kvd zvdwdlx ol xnd hg `kgnold, Ol hitfcd ckydv }olholm xndvd }occfd x}i gioc wohdw fdcilmolm xi x}i hoaadvdlx giocw ol dkgn wcix,

Oa k gioc wohd ia ild gioc ow ckoh ol xnd xiz ckydv ia k wcix# xnd ixndv gioc wohd ia xnd wk`d giociggtzodw xnd fixxi` ckydv ia xnd wcix twtkccy ild zicd zoxgn,


28/43

Hvt` xyzd ia }olholm nkw x}i xyzdw,

;, Ckz }olholm

6, ]kqd }olholm

Ckz }olholm

Ol ckz }olholm dkgn gioc ow gilldgxdh ol wdvodw }oxn ld~x gioc tlhdv xnd wk`d zicdzkov,

Oa xnd wxkvx ia ild gioc ow gilldgxdh xi ild zkvxogtckv gi``txkxiv wdm`dlx# xnd dlhia xnkx gioc klh wxkvx ia xnd ld~x gioc kvd gilldgxdh xi xnd ld~x gi``txkxiv wdm`dlx doxndvxi xnd vomnx iv cdax ia xnd aovwx gi``txkxiv wdm`dlx,

Xnow zvigdww ow gilxoltdh xocc kcc xnd giocw kvd gilldgxdh, Ndvd xnd gi``txkxiv zoxgnow kc}kyw % ;,

Ol ckz }olholm xndvd kvd kw `kly zkvkccdc zkxnw kw xndvd kvd lt`fdv ia zicdw,

Xnd d`a olhtgdh ol kly mdldvkxiv ow d{tkc xi xnd d`a olhtgdh ol kcc xnd giocw ol kzkvkccdc zkxn,

Xndvdaivd ckz }olholm ow twdh ol ci} qicxkmd ckvmd gtvvdlx hg `kgnoldw,


29/43

HG @IXIV IZDVKXOIL

GNKVKXDVOWXOGW IA HG @IXIVW

;, Xiv{td ) Kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx gnkvkgxdvowxogw

6, Wzddh ) Kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx gnkvkgxdvowxogw

7, Wzddh ) Xiv{td gnkvkgxdvowxogw

GNKVKGXDVOWXOGW IA HG WNTLX @IXIV

XIV[TD)KV@KXTVD GTVVDLX GNKVKGXDVOWXOGW,

Xnd xiv{td hdqdcizdh fy xnd hg `ixiv X Ok


30/43

Ol gkwd ia hg wntlx ìxivw xnd aodch d~goxkxoil gtvvdlx ow gilwxklx

klh wtzzcy qicxkmd ow edzx gilwxklx, Xndvdaivd act~ zdv zicd

}occ fd gilwxklx,

X Ok

Xndvdaivd xiv{td hdqdcizdh ol k hg wntlx ìxiv }occ fd hovdgxcy

zvizivxoilkc xi xnd kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx, Xnd mvkzn vdzvdwdlxolm xnd

qkvokxoil ia xiv{td }oxn kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx,

WZDDH)KV@KXTVD GTVVDLX GNKVKGXDVOWXOGW

Xnd fkge dà d{tkxoil aiv hg ìxiv ow Df 0 ZLR 0

Q Ok Vk

1:K

]ndvd E 0 1:K) RZ klh ox ow gilwxklx,

Ol hg wntlx ìxiv# }ndl wtzzcy qicxkmd Q ow edzx gilwxklx xnd

wntlx aodch gtvvdlx klh ndlgd act~ zdv zicd }occ kcwi fdgilwxklx,

L Q Ok Vk

Xnd wzddhw ia xnd hg wntlx ìxiv hdgvdkwdw }oxnolgvdkwd ol kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx htd xi cikholm,


31/43

Xnd mvkzn vdzvdwdlxolm qkvokxoil ia wzddh }oxn kv`kxtvdgtvvdlx ow hviizolm wcomnxcy,

Xnd hviz ow wzddh avi` li cikh xi atcc cikh }occ fd kfitx 7 xi 1zdvgdlx,

Ftx xnd kv`kxtvd vdkgxoil daadgx }dkedlw xnd aodch il cikh klh xdlhwxi izziwd hviz ol wzddh wi xnkx xnd vkvdcy hvizw fy ìvd xnkl kfitx4 zdvgdlx avi` li cikh xi atcc cikh,

Xndvdaivd wntlx ìxiv ow gilwohdvdh kw gilwxklx wzddh ìxiv,

WZDDH)XIV[TD GNKVKGXDVOWXOGW2

Avi` xnd kfiqd x}i gnkvkgxdvowxogw ia hg wntlx ìxiv# xndxiv{td hdqdcizdh klh wzddh kx qkvoitw kv`kxtvd gtvvdlxw ia hgwntlx ìxiv `ky fd lixdh,

Oa xndwd qkctdw kvd zcixxdh# xnd mvkzn vdzvdwdlxolm xnd qkvokxoil iawzddh }oxn xiv{td hdqdcizdh ow ifxkoldh,

Xnow gtvqd vdwd`fcdw xnd wzddh Qw gtvvdlx gnkvkgxdvowxogw kw xnd

xiv{td ow hovdgxcy zvizivxoilkc xi xnd kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx,


32/43

GNKVKGXDVOWXOGW IA H,G WDVODW @IXIVW

Ol hg wdvodw ìxivw# xnd cikh gtvvdlx hvk}l avi` xnd wtzzcy zkwwdw xnvitmn fixn

kv`kxtvd klh aodch }olholmw kw xndy kvd ol wdvodw

Xndvdaivd }ndl xnd cikh il xnd ìxiv gnklmdw# aodch act~ kcwi gnklmdw,

Ndlgd xnd gnkvkgxdvowxogw ia H,G, wdvodw ìxivw dlxovdcy hoaadv avi` xnd

gnkvkgxdvowxogw ia H,G, wntlx ìxivw,

XIV[TD Qw KV@KXTVD GTVVDLXGNKVKGXDVOWXOGW

Xiv{td hdqdcizdh ol kly hg ìxiv X Ok,

Ol wdvodw ìxivw wolgd aodch gtvvdlx ow d{tkc xi kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx,

Xndvdaivd# }ndl Ok ow w`kcc# ow zvizivxoilkc xi Ok,

Xndl xiv{td hdqdcizdh ol hg wdvodw ìxiv X Ok6,

Xndvdaivd xnd xiv{td ow zvizivxoilkc xi w{tkvd ia xnd kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx kx

ci} qkctdw ia kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx,

]ndl Ok ow ckvmd vd`kolw gilwxklx htd xi wkxtvkxoil,

Xndl X Ok,

Xndvdaivd xiv{td ow zvizivxoilkc xi kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx kx ckvmd qkctdw ia

kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx,

Xntw# xnd xiv{td Qw kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx gnkvkgxdvowxogw fdmolw xi vowd

zkvkficogkccy kx ci} qkctdw ia kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx klh }ndl wkxtvkxoil ow

vdkgndh ox fdgi`dw k wxvkomnx cold kw wni}l ol xnd aicci}olm aomtvd,


33/43

WZDDH QW KV@KXTVD GTVVDLX GNKVKGXDVOWXOGW

Gilwohdv xnd wzddh d{tkxoil

]ndl wtzzcy qicxkmd Q ow edzx gilwxklx# wzddh ia xnd ìxiv }occ fd

olqdvwdcy zvizivxoilkc xi act~, Ol hg wdvodw ìxivw aodch d~goxolm gtvvdlx

ow d{tkc xi kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx }nogn nkzzdldh xi cikh gtvvdlx, Xndvdaivd

kx comnx cikhw# }ndl wkxtvkxoil ow lix kxxkoldh# act~ }occ fd zvizivxoilkc

xi kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx klh ndlgd wzddh }occ fd olqdvwdcy zvizivxoilkc xi

xnd kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx, Ndlgd wzddh Qw kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx gnkvkgxdvowxogw

ia hg wdvodw ìxiv }occ fd vdgxklmtckv nyzdvfick kw wni}l ol xnd

aicci}olm aomtvd,

Kw xnd cikh il xnd ìxiv ow olgvdkwdh kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx olgvdkwdw klh

aodch mdxw wkxtvkxdh, Ilgd aodch ow wkxtvkxdh act~ }occ fd gilwxklx

ovvdwzdgxoqd ia olgvdkwd ol kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx, Xndvdaivd kx ndkqy cikhw#

wzddh }occ fd gilwxklx, Xnow xyzd hg wdvodw ìxiv nkw nomn wxkvxolm

xiv{td,

WZDDH QW XIV[TD GNKVKGXDVOWXOGW

Xnd wzddh Qw Xiv{td gnkvkgxdvowxogw ia wdvodw ìxiv }occ fd woòckv xi xndwzddh Qw kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx gnkvkgxdvowxogw, Ox }occ fd k vdgxklmtckv

nyzdvfick kw wni}l ol xnd aicci}olm aomtvd,


34/43

Ol hg wdvodw ìxivw# xiv{td olgvdkwdw }oxn hdgvdkwd ia wzddh klh xndy kvd ìwx wtoxkfcd

aiv izdvkxolm gvkldw# coaxw# xvkolw# dxg,

GNKVKGXDVOWXOGW IA H,G, GI@ZITLH @IXIVW2

Ol hg gi`zitlh ìxivw fixn wntlx aodch klh wdvodw aodch }occ fd kgxolm

wo`tcxklditwcy, Ol gt`tckxoqd gi`zitlh ìxivw xnd wdvodw aodch kwwowxw xnd wntlx aodch, Ol

wtgn ìxivw }ndl kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx olgvdkwdw xnd aodch act~ olgvdkwdw, Wi aiv moqdl

kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx xnd xiv{td hdqdcizdh }occ fd mvdkxdv klh wzddh ci}dv }ndl gi`zkvdh xi

k wntlx ìxiv, Ol hoaadvdlxokccy gi`zitlhdh ìxivw xnd wdvodw aodch izziwdw xnd wntlx

aodch, Xndvdaivd }ndl kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx olgvdkwdw xnd aodch act~ hdgvdkwdw, Wi aiv moqdl

kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx# xnd xiv{td hdqdcizdh }occ fd ci}dv klh xnd wzddh mvdkxdv }ndl

gi`zkvdh xi wntlx ìxiv,

Xiv{td Qw kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx klh wzddh Qw kv`kxtvd gtvvdlx gnkvkgxdvowxogw ia hg

gi`zitlh ìxivw kvd wni}l ol xnd aicci}olm aomtvd,

Xnd wzddh Qw xiv{td gnkvkgxdvowxogw kvd gi`zkvdh }oxn xnkx ia wntlx ìxiv kw

wni}l ol xnd aicci}olm aomtvd,


35/43

WXKVXOLM IA HG @IXIVW

Ol xnd hg ìxivw# kx xnd olwxklx ia wxkvxolm# xnd fkge dà Df 0 : klh kv`kxtvd vdwowxklgd ow qdvy cdww,

Xndvdaivd oa vkxdh liv`kc qicxkmd ow kzzcodh xi xnd kv`kxtvd xdvòlkcw ia xnd ìxiv xnd wxkvxolm gtvvdlx

}itch fd hklmdvitwcy nomn,Xnow nomn gtvvdlx zvihtgdw nomn `dgnklogkc wxvdww klh kcwi ndkxolm }nogn

`ky hk`kmd xnd }olholm, @ivdiqdv xndvd }itch fd ckvmd qicxkmd hviz ol xnd wtzzcy cold klh xnowkaadgxw xnd ixndv `kgnoldw }iveolm ol xnd wk`d wtzzcy cold,Xndvdaivd xi coòx xnd wxkvxolm gtvvdlx xi k

wkad qkctd vdhtgdh qicxkmd wnitch fd kzzcodh xi xnd ìxiv kx xnd xo`d ia wxkvxolm tlxoc ox zogew tz wzddh

klh hdqdciz wtaaogodlx fkge dà, Xndl atcc liv`kc vkxdh qicxkmd gitch fd kzzcodh xi fvolm xnd ìxiv xi

xnd vkxdh wzddh, Xnow gitch fd kgnodqdh twolm wxkvxdvw,

X_ZDW IA WXKVXDVW


36/43


37/43

]ndl xnd wxkvxdv nklhcd ow ìqdh klh `kedw gilxkgx }oxn aovwx wxth atcc qicxkmd ow kzzcodh

xi wdvodw gi`folkxoil ia vdwowxiv dcd`dlxw klh kv`kxtvd,

Xndvdaivd k vdhtgdh qicxkmd ow kzzcodh xi xnd kv`kxtvd htd xi hviz ol xnd vdwowxiv dcd`dlxw

klh wxkvxolm gtvvdlx ow coòxdh xi wkad qkctd,

Kx xnd wk`d xo`d atcc qicxkmd ow kzzcodh kgviww xnd wntlx aodch klh xnow dwxkfcowndw liv`kc

act~,

Kw xnd wxkvxdv nklhcd ow ìqdh xi}kvhw vomnx avi` ild wxth xi ld~x wxth xnd vdwowxiv

dcd`dlxw kvd gtx itx ild fy ild klh xnd qicxkmd kzzcodh xi kv`kxtvd olgvdkwdw wxdz fy

wxdz,

Aolkccy }ndl kcc xnd vdwowxklgd dcd`dlxw kvd gtx itx xnd nklhcd ow ol ilziwoxoil klh atcc

qicxkmd ow kzzcodh kgviww xnd kv`kxtvd xdvòlkcw,

Li} xnd gtvvdlx aci}olm xnvitmn xnd li qicx vdcdkwd gioc hdqdcizw kl kxxvkgxoqd aivgd iqdv

xnd wiax ovil zodgd ao~dh xi xnd wxkvxdv nklhcd,

Kx liv`kc qicxkmd xnow kxxvkgxoqd aivgd nichw xnd nklhcd ol il ziwoxoil kmkolwx xnd wzvolm

xdlwoil kx xnd zoqixdh dlh ia xnd nklhcd,

]ndl xnd kzzcodh qicxkmd akccw fdci} gdvxkol qkctd iv kx xnd olxdvvtzxoil ia wtzzcy

qicxkmd# xnd kxxvkgxoqd aivgd hdqdcizdh kx xnd li qicx vdcdkwd gioc iqdv xnd nklhcd `ky

lix fd wtaaogodlx xi hddz xnd nklhcd ol il ziwoxoil kmkolwx xnd wzvolm xdlwoil,

Xndvdaivd xnd nklhcd acodw fkge xi iaa ziwoxoil o``dhokxdcy klh kqiohw vdwxkvxolm ia ìxiv

il vdwt`zxoil ia wtzzcy,

Oa wtgn kvvklmd`dlx ow lix xndvd ol xnd wxkvxdv klh xnd nklhcd ow il ziwoxoil# il vdwt`zxoil

ia wtzzcy atcc qicxkmd }itch fd kzzcodh xi xnd kv`kxtvd xdvòlkcw,

Kcwi# xnd qicxkmd vdcdkwd gioc ow gilldgxdh ol wdvodw }oxn xnd wntlx aodch# xnd wxkvxdv nklhcd

ow vdcdkwdh xi iaa ziwoxoil }ndldqdv xnd aodch govgtox fd izdldh,

Xnow kqiohw vkgolm iv ìxiv xi nomn wzddh,

Xnd iqdv cikh vdcky ow gilldgxdh ol wdvodw }oxn xnd kv`kxtvd govgtox klh gkvvodw cikh

gtvvdlx,

]ndl ìxiv ow iqdv cikhdh xnd gtvvdlx xnvitmn iqdv cikh vdcky olgvdkwdw, Oa xnow gtvvdlx

d~gddhw k zvdhdxdvòldh qkctd# xnd `à zvihtgdh fy xnd iqdv cikh gioc coaxw xnd

zoqixdh ovil zodgd tlhdvldkxn xnd gioc,

Xnow ovil zodgd wnivx govgtoxw xnd li qicxkmd vdcdkwd gioc klh hdwxviy oxw kxxvkgxoqd aivgd

iqdv xnd nklhcd,


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Xndvdaivd xnd nklhcd ow vdcdkwdh xi iaa ziwoxoil,

]ndl xnd nklhcd ìqdh xi vomnx klh vdwowxklgd dcd`dlxw ow gtx itx# xndy kvd ol xtvl#

olgcthdh ol xnd aodch govgtox,

Wolgd xnd vdwowxklgd ia xndwd dcd`dlxw ow qdvy w`kcc# olgctwoil ia xnd` ol xnd aodch govgtoxhidw lix kaadgx xnd aodch gtvvdlx kzzvdgokfcy,

Klixndv o`zivxklx ziolx ow xnkx xnd kv`kxtvd klh wntlx aodch govgtoxw kvd gciwdh kmkolwx

dkgn ixndv xnvitmn xnd wxkvxolm vdwowxiv dcd`dlx dqdl }ndl xnd nklhcd ow ol iaa

ziwoxoil,

Xndvdaivd xnd dldvmy wxivdh ol `kmldxog govgtox mdxw howwozkxdh wci}cy xnvitmn wxkvxolm

klh kv`kxtvd vdwowxklgdw,

Xntw olhtgxklgd ow kqiohdh,

AITV ZIOLX WXKVXDV

Ol 7 ziolx wxkvxdv xnd li qicx vdcdkwd gioc mdxw gilldgx ol wdvodw }oxn wntlx aodch }olholm,

]ndl d~xdvlkc vdwowxklgd ow olgcthdh ol wdvodw }oxn xnd wntlx aodch }olholm ol ivhdv xi

gilxvic xnd wzddh ia xnd ìxiv# xnd aodch gtvvdlx }nogn ow aci}olm xnvitmn xnd li qicx

vdcdkwd gioc hdgvdkwdw,

Xndvdaivd htd xi xnow hdgvdkwdh gtvvdlx# xnd li qicx gioc `ky fdgi`d wi }dke kw xi fd

tlkfcd xi eddz xnd nklhcd ol il ziwoxoil,

Xnow ow xnd `kol hvk}fkge ol 7 ziolx wxkvxdv,

Ol k 8 ziolx wxkvxdv xndvd kvd 8 xdvòlkcw C%# C-# K klh A aiv gilldgxolm xnd hg ìxiv xi

xnd wtzzcy kw wni}l ol xnd aicci}olm aomtvd,

Ndvd xnd li qicx vdcdkwd gioc ol wdvodw }oxn k zvixdgxoqd vdwowxiv Vz ow gilldgxdh kgviww xnd

xdvòlkcw C%# C-,

Xnd izdvkxoil ia xnd aitv ziolx wxkvxdv ow wk`d kw xnkx ia 7 ziolx wxkvxdv d~gdzx xnd gtvvdlx

xnvitmn li qicx gioc hdzdlhw tzil xnd wtzzcy qicxkmd kcild,


39/43

WZDDH GILXVIC IA HG @IXIVW

Avi` xnd xiv{td d{tkxoil ia hg ìxivw# xnd wzddh

avi` xnow d{tkxoil ox ow gcdkv xnkx xnd wzddh ia hg ìxiv ow hovdgxcy zvizivxoilkc xi fkge

dà klh olqdvwdcy zvizivxoilkc xi xnd act~ iv d~goxolm aodch gtvvdlx, Ndvd xnd fkge dà

`ky fd qkvodh doxndv fy qkvyolm xnd wtzzcy qicxkmd iv olgvdkwolm xnd kv`kxtvd vdwowxklgd,

Xndvdaivd xnd wzddh ia hg ìxiv gkl fd gilxviccdh fy xnd aicci}olm 7 `dxnihw,

;, ]KVH CDILKVH @DXNIH

6, KV@KXTVD VDWOWXKLGD GILXVIC @DXNIH

7, AODCH GILXVIC @DXNIH

Kv`kxtvd Vdwowxklgd gilxvic `dxnih

Ol xnow `dxnih ia wzddh gilxvic kl d~xdvlkc vdwowxklgd

Vw ow gilldgxdh ol wdvodw }oxn xnd kv`kxtvd kw wni}l

ol xnd aicci}olm aomtvd,


40/43

Xnd qicxkmd hviz ol xnd d~xdvlkc vdwowxklgd Vw

hdgvdkwdw xnd kzzcodh qicxkmd kx xnd kv`kxtvd

xdvòlkcw klh xndvdfy vdhtgdw xnd fkge dà,

Xndvdaivd xnd wzddh ia xnd ìxiv hdgvdkwdw, Fy xnow

`dxnih ox ow ziwwofcd xi vdhtgd xnd wzddh ia ìxiv

fdci} oxw liv`kc vkxdh wzddh, ]ndl xnd d~xdvlkc

vdwowxklgd gilldgxdh ol wdvodw }oxn xnd kv`kxtvd Vw 0

:# cdx xnd wzddh ia xnd ìxiv fd L; vz`, Xndl

Ndvd V; 0 Vk ol gkwd ia hg wntlx ìxivw, Ftx ol gkwd

ia hg wdvodw klh hg gi`zitlh ìxivw V; 0 Vk % Vwd,

Oa Vw ow d~xdvlkc vdwowxklgd gilldgxdh ol wdvodw }oxn

kv`kxtvd govgtox# cdx xnd wzddh ia xnd ìxiv d{tkc xiL6 vz`,


41/43

Hvk}fkgew ol kv`kxtvd vdwowxklgd gilxvic

`dxnih

.o/ Ol hg wntlx ìxivw xnd aodch d~goxkxoil klh act~

zvihtgdh fy ox vd`kolw gilwxklx, Xndvdaivd xiv{td

hdqdcizdh }occ vd`kol gilwxklx, Ftx itxztx ia ìxiv

vdhtgdw htd xi vdhtgdh wzddh ia ìxiv, Xnow olgvdkwdw

xnd gizzdv ciww ol xnd ìxiv klh hdgvdkwdw xnd

daaogodlgy,

.oo/ Xnd wdvodw vdwowxklgd Vw `twx nkqd wtaaogodlx

gtvvdlx vkxolm xi }oxnwxklh xnd vkxdh klh dqdl iqdv

cikh gtvvdlxw, Xnow `kedw xnd vdwowxklgd ftcey klh

d~zdlwoqd, Wtoxkfcd kvvklmd`dlxw wnitch kcwi fd

`khd xi howwozkxd xnd ndkx zvihtgdh fy xnd O6V ciww ol

xnd vdwowxiv,

.ooo/ Wzddh vdmtckxoil ow qdvy ziiv klh ox ow ziwwofcd xi

ifxkol ilcy wzddhw fdci} xnd vkxdh wzddh,

Aodch gilxvic `dxnih iv act~ gilxvic `dxnih

Ol aodch gilxvic `dxnih# xnd aodch d~goxolm gtvvdlx ow

qkvodh xi gilxvic xnd wzddh ia hg ìxivw, Ol xnd gkwd

ia hg wntlx ìxivw klh hg gi`zitlh ìxivw d~xdvlkcvdwowxklgd ow gilldgxdh ol wdvodw }oxn xnd wntlx aodch

}olholm, Ftx ol gkwd ia hg wdvodw ìxivw d~xdvlkc

vdwowxklgd gkccdh hoqdvxdv ow gilldgxdh kgviww xnd

wdvodw aodch kw wni}l ol xnd aicci}olm aomtvd,


42/43

Ol fixn kvvklmd`dlxw# xnd gtvvdlx aci}olm xnvitmn xnd

aodch }olholmw ow hdgvdkwdh, Hdgvdkwd ol aodch d~goxolm

gtvvdlx vdhtgdw xnd act~, Kw xnd wzddh ia xnd ìxiv ow

olqdvwdcy zvizivxoilkc xi act~ xnd wzddh ia ìxiv

olgvdkwdw, Xntw fy aodch gilxvic `dxnih xnd ìxivw

gkl fd izdvkxdh kx wzddhw kfiqd liv`kc vkxdh wzddh,Wolgd xiv{td hdqdcizdh ow hovdgxcy zvizivxoilkc xi act~#

xnd hdgvdkwd ol act~ hdgvdkwd xnd aodch d~goxkxoil

gtvvdlx# }nogn vdwtcxw vdhtgxoil ol xnd xiv{td, Ftx kx

xnd wk`d xo`d xnd olgvdkwd ol wzddh htd xi hdgvdkwd

ol act~ eddzw xnd zi}dv hdqdcizdh gilwxklx,


43/43

be.(first year) electrical engineering - machines & transformer

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