BEE PRODUCTS APICULTURE APE-380

SNEHA ADHIKARI

BEE PRODUCTS

• HONEY• BEE WAX• ROYAL JELLY• BEE VENOM• PROPOLIS• BEE POLLEN

HONEY

HONEY

• Regurgitated product of a honey bees.

• A saturated solution of carbohydrates– 17% water– 82.5% sugar:• fructose 38%• glucose 31%• maltose 7%• sucrose 1.5%

– 0.5% protein, minerals, vitamins &

Honey• Produced from plant nectar– Primarily from flowers– Also extra-floral nectaries.

• Precursor of nectar is-– Phloem sap– Most often a dilute solution of sucrose

• Essentially bees do two things:– Dehydrate– Enzymatic “inversion” of sucrose to

glucose & fructose

Bee taking nectar from flower.

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Importance of HONEY

• The first sweetener (long before sugar cane)

• It consist number of substances like fatty acid ,enzymes ,vitamins (A,B & C Complex ), minerals like Fe , Cu ,Mg ,Na ,K ,Ca ,Si ,etc. )

• Alcoholic beverage (mead) • Pharmacy - medicinal vehicle & taste

corrective, wound dressing , Cosmetics , used in baked goods , beauty lotions and ice cream.

• Used as carrier in many unani and ayurvedic medicines.

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FYI

HONEY EXTRACTION

HONEY EXTRACTION• Honey extraction is the central process in

beekeeping of removing honey from honeycomb so that it is isolated in a pure liquid form.

• The frames are typically harvested late summer, when they will be most filled with honey.

• On a completely filled frame, the cells will be capped by the bees for storage – that is, each cell containing honey will be sealed with a cap made of wax.

• Uncapping with an electric hot knife on an uncapping tub.

• The uncapped frames are then placed in a honey extractor, which spins them so that most of the honey is removed by centrifugal force.

PROCEDURE

BEE WAX

BEE WAX

• Yellowish white waxy solid material(mixture of cerotic acid and myricyle palmitate).

• Secreted from wax glands present in the abdominal sternum.

• Wax gland present from 4-7 abdominal segment.• Wax gland present in worker bees of 10-18 days.• Precursor is honey and nector.• Produced as small translucent flakes.

Wax scales from wax glands

BEESWAX COMPOSITION

• Over 300 identified individual components– hydrocarbons (14%)– monoesters (35%)– diesters (14%)– hydroxy polyesters (8%)– free acids (12%)

Uses of bee wax

• Widely used in cosmetics, beauty lotions , creams , floor wax , candles, polishes ,dental wax.

• One of the major uses of bee wax is in the preparation of comb foundation sheet.

PROCEDURE• Put water and boil.• Wash crushed bee combs and

place in the sack (and make a package ).

• Put the package into the pot and use the stick to push it down to the bottom.

• When it reaches a temperature of about 59°C, the wax begins to melt and a waxy scum begins to form on top of the water.

• More wax will float to the top of the Water.

• Use the ladle to skim off the melted wax and pour it into a mould.

Products of bee wax.

ROYAL JELLY

Royal Jelly

Royal jelly is used in the nutrition of larvae, as well as adult queens.

It is secreted from the glands in the hypopharynx of worker bees, and fed to all larvae in the colony, regardless of sex or caste

It is creamy, opalescent and white liquid produced by the workers of 4-10 days.

It extends the life of bee from 6 weeks to 5 years.Its composition is so complex that scientist are not able to

completely break down its components completely.Marketed in capsules, soft gel and soothing cream.

Composition

•  67% water• 12.5% crude protein• 11% simple sugars (monosaccharide)• (5%) of fatty acids. It also contains many

trace minerals.• antibiotic components, pantothenic

acid (vitamin B5),vitamins B6 (pyridoxine) and trace amounts of vitamin C, but none of the fat-soluble vitamins, A, D, E and K.

ROYAL JELLY COLLECTION

USES OF ROYAL JELLY

• Royal jelly is collected and sold as a dietary supplement for humans, claiming various health benefits because of components such as B-complex vitamins.

• It is also used as a component in some skin care and natural beauty products

• . In holistic healing circles and popular alternative medicine folklore, royal jelly is believed to have anti-aging properties. Some alternative medicine practitioners attribute this to its amino acid content and broad spectrum of vitamins and minerals.

ROYAL JELLY PRODUCTS

BEE VENOM

BEE VENOM

• Apitoxin, or honey bee venom, is a bitter colourless liquid.

• its active portion a mixture of proteins, which causes local inflammation and acts as an anticoagulant.

• A honeybee can inject 0.1 mg of venom via its stinger.

• The main component is melittin comprising 52% of venom peptides.

BEE VENOM THERAPY

• Bee venom therapy is used by some as a treatment for rheumatism and joint diseases due to its anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory properties

• It is also used to desensitize people allergic to insect sting.

• Bee venom can be found in numerous beauty products.

• It is believed to increase blood flow therefore plumping the applied area, producing collagen. This effect aids in smoothing out lines and wrinkles.

PROCEDURE• A small metal plate is placed

inside the hive that is connected to a battery & carries a small electrical charge.

• When a bee walks over the plate it gets a mild shock that doesn't harm it but because it feels threatened stings the plate.

• The plate is hard so the bee keeps it's sting, just releases venom, unlike when they sting a soft bodied animals like us. The venom is scraped off

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PRODUCTS OF BEE VENOM

PROPOLIS

PROPOLIS• Honey bees gather the sap or resin from tree bark and

leaves and combine it with nectar, their own enzymes and create propolis.

• Honey bees use this product for sealing their hives.• Composition:-• Resins and balsams=50-70%• Wax =30-50%• Bee pollen =5-10%• Essential oil =10%• Vitamins = all except vit ‘K

Uses of propolis• Contain anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-microbial

and anti-fungal properties.

Immunity Booster :-propolis showed higher levels of proteins and compounds that play a central role in regulating the immune system.

Anti-Cancer Agent:- propolis is known to have anti-cancerous property.

PROCEDURE

• Propolis extract is made by dissolving propolis collected from honey bee colonies into alcohol and straining out the precipitate.

• The best alcohol to use is 70% ethyl alcohol (also known as grain alcohol or Everclear).

• Two or three times per day shake the container and return to warm dark place. Continue this for 2 weeks.

• Filter the liquid through a coffee filter. The liquid is now ready for use.

PROPOLIS PRODUCTS

BEE POLLEN

BEE POLLEN• Bee pollen (or bee bread or a pollen ball) is a mass

of pollen that has been packed by worker honeybees into granules with added honey or nectar.

• Bee pollen is found in brood cells, chambers of wood and mud created by female ground-nesting bees. When the pollen ball is complete, a single female lays an egg on top of the pollen ball, and seals the brood cell.

• Pollen balls are harvested as food for humans.  the average composition is said to be 55% carbohydrates, 35% proteins, 3% minerals and vitamins, 2% fatty acids, and 5% diverse other components.[

POLLEN COLLECTION

BEE POLLEN USES

• Bee pollen has been touted by herbalists as a treatment for a variety of medical conditions, but there is no scientific evidence to show that it is has any health benefits.

•  Bee pollen is safe for short term use, but side effects include allergic reaction (shortness of breath, hives, swelling, and anaphylaxis