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Bedrock Geolog y of the New Haven (Iowa) 7.5' Qua d ra ng le

A

B

Base map from Iowa DOT Road map Layers 2006. Iowa Geological Survey digital cartographic file NewHaven_BedrockGeology.mxd, version 6/30/15 (ArcGIS 10.3)Map projection and coordinate system based on Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 15, datum NAD83.

The map and cross section are based on interpretations of the best available information at the time of mapping. Map interpretations are not a substitute for detailed site specific studies.

Research supported by the U. S. Geological Survey, National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, under USGS award

number G14AC00229. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as

necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U. S. Government.

BEDROCK GEOLOGY OF THE NEW HAVEN 7.5’ QUADRANGLE,

MITCHELL COUNTY, IOWA

Iowa Geolog ic a l S urvey Open File Ma p OFM-15-3

June 2015

Ryan Clark1, Huaib a o L iu1, Phillip Kerr1, Stephan ie T assier-Surin e1, Ro b ert Ro wden 2,

an d Matthew T . Streeter1

Io wa Geo lo gic al Survey, IIHR-Hydrosc ien c e & En gin eerin g, U n iversity o f Io wa, Io wa City, Io wa

Io wa Geo lo gic al Survey, Ro b ert D. L ib ra, State Geo lo gist

Supported in part b y the U .S. Geo lo gic al Survey Co operative Agreem en t Num b er G14AC00229

Natio n al Co o perative Geo lo gic Mappin g Pro gram (ST AT EMAP) Co m pleted un der c o n tract with the Io wa Departm en t o f Natural Reso urc es

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Spec ial than ks to L in dsey Falk o f Falk Co n structio n , In c., Art Weisen , Dan Swan n , an d U lla n d Brothers for allo win g us ac c ess to their properties. Z a c hary Dem a n ett an d Austin Potho ff o f the Io wa Geo lo gic al Survey (IGS) prepared well drillin g sam ples for stratigraphic lo ggin g. Bill Bun ker, Ray An derso n , Bo b McKay, an d Brian Witzke (IDNR-retired) pro vided valued b a c kgro un d in fo rm atio n c o n c ern in g the b edro c k topo graphy, geo lo gy, an d Devo n ian stratigraphy o f the area. Bedro c k topo adapted fro m Ray An derso n , 2010 c o verage. T ha n ks also to Ric k L a n gel (IGS) for m an agin g the Io wa geo lo gic sam plin g datab ase (GEOSAM). Adm in istrative support was pro vided b y Mega n Hauswirth, T eresa Gaffey, an d Sara Co n rad. 1Io wa Geo lo gic al Survey, IIHR-Hydrosc ien c e & En gin eerin g, U n iversity o f Io wa, Io wa City, Io wa 2Io wa Departm ent o f Natural Reso urces, Des Mo in es, Io wa

Introduction to the Bedrock Geolog y of the New Haven 7.5’ Qua dra ng le, Mitch ell County, Iowa

T he New Haven Quadran gle lies within the Io wa n Surfac e la n dfo rm regio n (Prio r, 1991;

Prio r an d Ko hrt, 2006). T his area has b een sub jected to m ultiple perio ds o f Quatern ary gla c iatio n s an d sub aerial ero sio n pro vidin g a relatively lo w-relief terrain with m o derately in c ised drain age valleys.

T he thic kn ess o f Quatern ary m aterials, whic h o verlays the Devo n ia n b edro c k surfac e, varies widely acro ss the quadran gle. Where the L itho graphy City Form atio n is at the b edro c k surfac e, Quatern ary c o ver ran ges fro m 0 to 14 m (0 to 45 ft). Ho wever, several b edro c k valleys exist within the quadran gle with the m o st pro m in en t lo c ated alo n g the eastern b o rder where the thic kn ess o f Quatern ary m aterials reac hes a m axim um o f 84 m (275 ft). Shallo w b edro c k in fo rm atio n fro m the so il survey in Mitc hell Co un ty (Vo y an d Highla n d, 1975) was used fo r iden tifyin g poten tial b edro c k o utcro p lo c atio n s durin g field m appin g activities. Bedro c k o utcro ps exist prim arily alo n g the L ittle Cedar River exposin g L itho graph City an d Coralville fo rm atio ns in the n o rthern half o f the quadran gle. A few sporadic o utcro ps appear alo n g Beaver Creek an d Burr Oak Creek, also in the n o rthern half o f the quadran gle. Rare o utcro ps o f the L itho graph City Form atio n c a n b e fo un d in the so uthern part o f the quadra n gle as well. Sub surfac e in fo rm atio n was m o stly derived fro m the an alysis o f water well cuttin g sam ples reposited at the Io wa Geo lo gic al Survey (IGS). L itho lo gic a n d stratigraphic in fo rm atio n fro m these sam ples are stored in the o n lin e GEOSAM datab ase o f the IGS. Geo lo gic in fo rm atio n fro m three quarries, 12 o utcro ps, an d m o re tha n 110 private an d pub lic wells within the New Haven Quadran gle an d surro un din g area were used fo r b edro c k geo lo gic al m appin g purposes. Paleo geo graphic ally, the m appin g area is within the n o rthern portio n o f the Devo n ia n Io wa Basin , a regio n o f thic ken ed shelf c arb o n ate an d shale depo sits. Middle an d lo wer U pper Devo n ia n ro c ks fo rm the m ajo r b edro c k surfac e an d upper b edro c k aquifer in this area. T he hydro geo lo gy o f Flo yd a n d Mitc hell c o un ties has b een well studied (e.g., L ib ra a n d Hallb erg 1985, L ib ra et al., 1994). Due to its stratigraphic c o m pleten ess an d ric h fo ssil faun a, the stratigraphy a n d depo sitio n al en viro n m en ts o f the Devo n ia n Io wa Basin have b een in ten sively studied (e.g., Day et al., 1992). Other im po rtan t geo lo gic a n d stratigraphic studies o f this b asin in c lude Witzke a n d Bun ker (1984 an d 1985), An derso n (1984), Bunker et al., (1986), Witzke et al., (1988), Bun ker (1995), an d Gro ves et al., (2008). T he b edro c k surfac e o f the surro un din g area was rec en tly m apped b y Witzke et al., (2010), L iu et al., (2012 an d 2014), an d Ro wden et al., (2014a an d b ). Results fro m these studies pro vided an im po rtan t stratigraphic fram ewo rk fo r this b edro c k geo lo gic m ap. T he b edro c k stratigraphic n o m en c lature an d c o rrelatio n fo r this m ap fo llo ws the stratigraphic fram ewo rk propo sed b y Witzke et al., (1988).

T he en tire m appin g area is un derlain b y Devo n ia n ro c ks c o m prised o f c arb o n ates, varyin g b etween lim esto n e a n d do lo m ite, an d shale. Based o n litho lo gic features an d fo ssils, the Devo n ia n strata c o m prisin g the b edro c k surfac e in the m appin g area c a n b e sub divided in to , in desc en din g o rder, the L itho graph City, Coralville, an d L ittle Cedar fo rm atio ns o f the Cedar Valley Gro up an d the Pin ic o n Ridge an d Spillville fo rm atio n s o f the Wapsipin ic o n Gro up. T he Middle to U pper Devo n ia n L itho graph City Form atio n is c haracterized b y lam in ated litho graphic an d sub litho graphic lim esto n e an d do lo m ite. “Birdseye”, vugs, an d c alc ite vug-fills are c o m m o n in this fo rm atio n. So m e layers o f this fo rm atio n are fo ssilifero us with ab un da n t b rac hio po ds, m o st as m o lds, as well as so m e stro m ato po ro ids an d c o rals. T he m ajo rity o f b edro c k o utcro ps within the m appin g area are o f the L itho graph City Form atio n. T he m axim um thic kn ess o f the L itho graph City Form atio n is ab o ut 14 m (45 ft) within the quadran gle. T he Coralville Fo rm atio n c o n sists o f lim esto n e, do lo m itic lim esto n e, an d do lo m ite; in part lam in ated an d argilla c eo us. Brac hio po ds, ec hin o derm deb ris, an d c o rals m ay b e fo un d within the lim esto n e fa c ies an d o c c ur as fo ssil m o lds within the do lo m ite fa c ies. T he Coralville Form atio n has an average thic kn ess o f ab o ut 12 to 20 m (40 to 65 ft). T o gether, the L itho graph City an d Coralville fo rm atio n s do m in ate the b edro c k surfac e in the New Haven Quadran gle. T he L ittle Cedar Form atio n is c haracterized b y slightly argilla c eo us to argilla c eo us do lo m ite an d do lo m itic lim esto n e, usually vuggy o r partially lam in ated an d/o r c herty. A m o derate shale un it (Chic kasaw Shale Mem b er) o c c urs in the upper half o f the fo rm atio n a n d is relatively c o n tin uo us acro ss the quadran gle. T he thic kn ess o f the L ittle Cedar Form atio n in the m appin g area is appro xim ately 37 m (120 ft). T his un it o c c urs at the b edro c k surfac e within the east-west tren din g b edro c k valley n ear the m iddle o f the quadran gle an d alo n g the slo pes o f the pro m in en t b edro c k valley alo n g the eastern b o un dary o f the m appin g area. T he Middle Devo n ia n Wapsipin ic o n Gro up c o n sists o f two fo rm atio n s in n o rth-c en tral Io wa, in asc en din g o rder the Spillville an d Pin ic o n Ridge, whic h were un differen tiated in previo us m appin g effo rts. T he Pin ic o n Ridge Form atio n c o n sists o f un fo ssilifero us do lo m ite an d lim esto n e exhib itin g a wide variety o f textures (shaly, lam in ated, b rec c iated, san dy, an d c herty). T he fo rm atio n ran ges fro m 9 to 15 m (30 to 50 ft) in thic kn ess within the m appin g area. T he Pin ic o n Ridge Form atio n appears at the b edro c k surface within the slo pe o f the pro m in en t b edro c k valley alo n g the eastern b o rder o f the quadran gle. T he Spillville Form atio n is c haracterized b y m edium to thic k b edded do lo m ite with sc attered to ab un da n t fo ssil m o lds. T he b asal un it o f the fo rm atio n , where presen t, is varia b ly san dy, shaly, an d/o r c o n glo m eratic with rewo rked c hert c lasts fro m the un derlyin g Ordo vic ia n Maquo keta Form atio n. T he Spillville Form atio n is restricted to the b edro c k surfac e within the deepest parts o f the pro m in en t b edro c k valley alo n g the eastern m argin o f the m appin g area an d reac hes a m axim um thic kn ess o f 24 m (80 ft). Deep wells within the New Haven Quadran gle (W-37406, W-14697, an d W-11692), alo n g with previo us researc h b y Witzke an d Bun ker (1984), in dic ate that the Devo n ia n b edro c k un its lie un c o n fo rm a b ly o ver o lder Ordo vic ia n un its acro ss the en tire quad. References An derso n , W.I. (ed), 1984: Gen eral geo lo gy o f n o rth-c en tral Io wa. Guideb o o k fo r the 48th An n ual T ri-State

Geo l. Field Co n f., 150 p. Bun ker, B.J., Witzke, B.J. an d Day, J.E., 1986: U pper Cedar Valley Stratigraphy, North-Cen tral Io wa,

L itho graph City Form atio n . Geo l. So c. o f Io wa Guideb o o k No. 44, 41 p. Bun ker, B.J. (ed), 1995: Geo lo gy an d hydro geo lo gy o f Flo yd-Mitc hell c o un ties, n o rth-c en tral Io wa. Geo l.

So c. o f Io wa Guideb o o k No. 62, 114 p. Day, J.E. an d Bun ker, B.J. (eds), 1992: T he stratigraphy, paleo n to lo gy, depo sitio n al an d diagen etic history

o f the Middle-U pper Devo n ia n Cedar Valley Gro up o f c en tral an d eastern Io wa. Io wa Geo lo gic al Survey Guideb o o k Series No. 16, 195 p., 3 parts.

Gro ves, J.R., Walters, J.C., an d Day, J. (eds), 2008: Carb o n ate platfo rm fa c ies an d faun as o f the Middle an d U pper Devo n ia n Cedar Valley Gro up an d L im e Creek Form atio n , no rthern Io wa. Io wa Geo lo gic al Survey Guideb o o k No. 28, 96 p.

L ib ra, R.D. an d Hallb erg, G.R., 1985: Part 1. Hydro geo lo gic o b servatio n s fro m m ultiple c o re ho les an d piezo m eters in the Devo n ia n-c arb o n ate aquifers in Flo yd an d Mitc hell Co un ties, Io wa. Io wa Geo lo gic al Survey Open File Repo rt 85-2, p. 1-19, 5 figs, 6 tab les.

L ib ra, R.D., Quade, D.J., Hallb erg, G.R., an d L ittke, J.P., 1994: Gro un dwater quality, hydro geo lo gy, an d agricultural drain age wells: Flo yd an d Mitc hell Co un ties, Io wa. Io wa Geo lo gic al Survey Bureau T ec hn ic al In fo rm atio n Series No. 29, 64 p., 25 figs., an d 16 tab les.

L iu, H., McKay, R., Ro wden , R., Quade, D., T assier-Surin e, S., an d Giglieran o , J., 2012: Bedro c k Geo lo gy o f Worth Co un ty, Io wa. Io wa Geo lo gic al an d Water Survey Open File Map OFM-12-1.

L iu, H., McKay, R., Ro wden , R., Clark, R., T assier-Surin e, S., Quade, D., Galer, M., an d Streeter, M., 2014: Bedro c k Geo lo gy o f the Nora Sprin gs 7.5’ Quadran gle, Cerro Gordo , Mitc hell, an d Flo yd Co unties, Io wa. Io wa Geo lo gic al Survey Open File Map OFM-14-3.

Prio r, J.C., 1991: L an dfo rm s o f Io wa. U n iv. o f Io wa Press, Io wa City, 154 p. Prio r, J.C. an d Korht, C.J., 2006: T he L a n dfo rm Regio n s o f Io wa, Io wa Geo lo gic al Survey, digital m ap,

availa b le o n the IDNR NRGIS L ib rary. Ro wden , R., McKay, R., Clark, R., L iu, H., T assier-Surin e, S., Quade, D., Galer, R., an d Streeter, M., 2014a:

Bedro c k Geo lo gy o f the Osage 7.5’ Quadran gle, Mitc hell Co un ty, Io wa. Io wa Geo lo gic al Survey Open File Map OFM-14-7.

Ro wden , R., McKay, R., Clark, R., L iu, H., T assier-Surin e, S., Quade, D., Galer, R., an d Streeter, M., 2014b : Bedro c k Geo lo gy o f the St. Ansgar 7.5’ Quadran gle, Mitc hell Co unty, Io wa. Io wa Geo lo gic al Survey Open File Map OFM-14-5.

Vo y, K.D. an d Highlan d, J.D., 1975: So il Survey o f Mitc hell Co un ty, Io wa. U .S. Dept. o f Agriculture, So il Co n servatio n Servic e, 125 p., 70 m ap sheets.

Witzke, B.J. an d Bun ker, B.J., 1984: Devo n ia n stratigraphy o f n o rth-c en tral Io wa. Io wa Geo lo gic al Survey Open File Repo rt 84-2, p. 107-149.

Witzke, B.J. an d Bun ker, B.J., 1985: Part 2. Stratigraphic fram ewo rk fo r the Devo n ian aquifers in Flo yd an d Mitc hell Co un ties, Io wa. Io wa Geo lo gic al Survey Open File Repo rt 85-2, p. 21-32, 6 figs.

Witzke, B.J., Bun ker, B.J., an d Ro gers, F.S., 1988: Eifelia n thro ugh lo wer Frasn ia n stratigraphy an d depo sitio n in the Io wa area, c en tral m idc o n tin en t, U .S.A. in McMilla n , N.J., Em b ry, A.F, an d Glass, D.J. (eds.): Devo n ia n o f the World, Can adia n So c. o f Petro leum Geo lo gists, Mem o ir 14, vo l. I, p. 221-250.

Witzke, B.J., An derso n , R.R., and Pope, J.P., 2010: Bedro c k Geo lo gic Map o f Io wa, 1:500,000. Io wa Geo lo gic al an d Water Survey Open File Map OFM-10-1.

1:24,0000 1 2 3 40.5

Miles

0 1 2 3 40.5Kilometers

×

ÙGN

MN

0°13´4 MILS

0°0´0 MILS

UTM GRID AND 2015 MAGNETIC NORTHDECLINATION AT CENTER OF SHEET

Loca tion Ma p

FLOYD

OSAGE

COLWELL

MCINTIRE

ORCHARD

RICEVILLE

STACYVILLE

NEW_HAVEN

LITTLE_CEDAR

Adja cent 7.5' Qua d ra ng les

LEGEND

CENOZOIC

QUATERNARY S YS TEM

Qu – Und ifferentiated Unconsolid a ted S ed im ent Co n sists o f lo am y so ils developed in lo ess, gla c ial till, an d c o lluvium o f varia b le thic kn ess, an d alluvial clay, silt, san d, an d gravel. T he total thic kn ess o f the Quatern ary deposits varies b etween 0 an d 14 m (0 - 45 ft) thic k in areas un derlain b y the Devo n ian L itho graph City Form atio n , b ut c an b e as m uch as 84 m (275 ft) thic k in the eastern part o f the m appin g area. T his un it is sho wn o n ly o n the cross-sectio n , n ot o n the m ap.

PALEOZOIC

DEVONIAN S YS TEM Dlg c - Dolom ite, Lim estone, a nd S h a le (L itho graph City Form atio n ) Middle to U pper Devo n ian . Maxim um thic kn ess o f up to 14 m (45 ft) within the m appin g area. T his un it c o n sists o f do lo m ite an d do lo m itic lim esto n e, partially characterized b y in terb eds o f lam in ated litho graphic an d sub litho graphic lim esto n e an d do lo m itic lim esto n e, in part argilla c eo us with m in or shale. “Birdseye”, vugs, an d c alc ite vug-fills are c o m m o n . So m e in tervals are fossilifero us an d stro m atoporo id-rich with the lo wer part exhib itin g a b un dan t brac hiopo d m o lds. Outcrops o f this m ap un it are prim arily fo un d in the n orthern part o f the m appin g area alo n g the b an ks o f the L ittle Cedar River an d its trib utaries, an d are otherwise restricted to quarries in the m appin g area. Dcv - Lim estone a nd Dolom ite (Coralville Form atio n ) Middle Devo n ian . Between 12 an d 20 m (40 – 65 ft) thic k in the m appin g area. It is do m in ated b y lim esto n e, do lo m itic lim esto n e, an d do lo m ite; in part, sub litho graphic, lam in ated, an d argilla c eo us. Brachiopo ds, echin o derm deb ris, an d c orals usually o c cur in the lim esto n e fa c ies an d fossil m o lds in the do lo m ite fa c ies. T o gether, the L itho graph City an d Coralville form atio n s do m in ate the b edro c k surfac e in the m appin g area. Sparse o utcrops c an b e fo un d alo n g parts o f the L ittle Cedar River an d Beaver Creek. Dlc – Dolom ite, Lim estone, a nd S h a le (L ittle Cedar Form atio n ) Middle Devo n ian . Approxim ately 37 m (120 ft) thic k. T his un it is do m in ated b y slightly argilla c eo us to argilla c eo us do lo m ite an d do lo m itic lim esto n e, usually vuggy an d partially lam in ated an d/or cherty, with a m o derately c o n tin uo us shale un it o c currin g within the upper half o f the form atio n . It is c o m m o n ly fossilifero us, espec ially in the lo wer portio n . T his un it o c curs at the b edro c k surfac e within an east-west tren din g b edro c k valley n ear the m iddle o f the quad an d alo n g the slopes o f a pro m in en t b edro c k valley alo n g the eastern m argin o f the m appin g area. Dpr - Dolom ite a nd Lim estone (Pin ic o n Ridge Form atio n ) Middle Devo n ian . Ran ges fro m 9 to 15 m (30 – 50 ft) in thic kn ess. T his form atio n c o n sists o f un fossilifero us do lo m ite an d lim esto n e o f varyin g textures (shaly, lam in ated, brec c iated, san dy, an d/or cherty). T he un it o c c urs at the b edro c k surfac e n ear the b ase o f the slope o f the pro m in en t b edro c k valley alo n g the eastern m argin o f the m appin g area. Dsp - Dolom ite (Spillville Form atio n ) Middle Devo n ian . Maxim um thic kn ess o f approxim ately 24 m (80 ft). T his un it is do m in ated b y m edium to thic k b edded do lo m ite with sc attered to ab un dan t fossil m o lds. T he b asal un it, where presen t, is varia b ly san dy, shaly, an d/or c o n glo m eratic with reworked Ordo vic ia n chert clasts. T his form atio n o n ly o c curs at the b edro c k surfac e within the deepest parts o f the pro m in en t b edro c k valley alo n g the eastern m argin o f the m appin g area. New Drill Holes for th is m a p project Outcrops IGS GEOS AM Data Points – rec ords availa b le at www.io wageo lo c ialsurvey.c o m Roa d s Wells used for geolog ic cross-section

Dlgc

Dsp

Dpr

Qu

Dcv

Dlc

Correlation of Map Units

Midd

leUp

per

DEVO

NIAN

QUATERNARY

Givetian

Frasnian

Eifelian

SYST

EMSE

RIES

STAGE MAPUNITQu

Dlc

DlgcDcv

387.7

382.7

393.3

2.588

AGE(Ma)

DspDpr

LittleCedar River

A BGEOLOGIC CROSS-SECTION A-B

DlgcDcv

Dlc

DprDsp

Qu

W312

95

Eleva

tion

(feet

abov

e sea

leve

l)

W374

06

W351

87

W146

97

W247

04

W121

75

W291

83

Elevation(feet above sea level)

1300

1200

1100

1000

900

800

1300

1200

1100

1000

900

800(Vertical Exaggeration = 10X)

D

!62839

77202

W9046