bedrock columbia

Geology versus Agglomeration: Bedrock Depth and the Formation of the Manhattan Skyline, 1890-1915Jason Barr, Rutgers U.Troy Tassier, Fordham U.Rossen Trendafilov, Fordham U.

Outline of TalkThe Debate: Geology and the Spatial Distribution of ActivitySummary of ConclusionsManhattan:Skyscrapers: 1890-1915Geology and geographyThe Great LeapResultsCostsLocation ChoicesSome evidence on workers residence locationsExtras (if time)PicturesSome Geological History

The SkylineWhy do we observe two clusters of skyscrapers in Manhattan and not one continuous one? Why did builders jump from downtown to midtown?What role did bedrock play in the location of skyscrapers?How sensitive were building decisions to changes in bedrock depths?

Causation or Correlation?[N]ear New York University, the surface bedrock drops appreciablyup to several hundred feet below the street level. Farther southit comes again to within about one hundred feet of the surface. Dividing Manhattan into the downtown and midtown districts.That is to say, the skyscrapers of New York City are clustered together into the midtown group, where the bedrock is within several feet of the surface, and the downtown group, where the bedrock again reappears to within forty feet of the surface near Wall Street. In any event, it is readily seen how clearly the accessibility of the bedrock has, to some degree, controlled the architectural planning of the city.

From The Geology of New York City and Environs, C. J. Schuberth 1968, pps. 81-82. Emphasis added by me.

ConclusionsDepth to bedrock appears to have had, at best, a modest effect on the distribution of skyscrapers.Some evidence of bedrock effect within downtown.Jump was driven by:Transportation hubs.Avoidance of dense residential and manufacturing districts.Readjustment to be near white collar workers.

Manhattan Geology

Manhattan Skyscrapers and Non-skyscrapers (1915)

Skyscraper TechnologyHere skyscraper: 80 meters or taller (about 20 stories).First NYC skyscraper 1889: 11 stories.Pulitzer World Building (1890), 20 stories, 94 meters.

Steel skeleton.Elevator with safety break.Caissons to anchor building to bedrock.

Skyscrapers and BedrockAfter a certain height, a building had to be anchored to bedrock so as to prevent (possible uneven) settling.If two buildings have the same total area, but one had three stories and the second had 20 stories, only the second building would need to be anchored.

Skyscrapers Statistics, 1890-1915

Depth to Bedrock (1915)100 feet

Building Heights and Bedrock Depths Relative to Street Level100 feet

Chart2

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0.4528301887-0.307619778

0.4088050314-0.3467749452

0.4402515723-0.3378841739

0.4465408805-0.3340352393

0.4339622642-0.3589962581

0.3081761006-0.4156609472

0.2955974843-0.4457081032

0.2955974843-0.4378478292

0.4025157233-0.4174453457

0.3018867925-0.4065959547

0.2893081761-0.4173500129

0.2704402516-0.3928367401

0.465408805-0.4205812187

0.5786163522-0.4359495371

0.6981132075-0.4865851864

0.6981132075-0.4984986899

0.5974842767-0.4455524491

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0.6100628931-0.4891792091

0.7358490566-0.5327711925

0.6540880503-0.4759622052

0.534591195-0.4821652874

0.4528301887-0.5161431546

0.4339622642-0.5935988193

0.358490566-0.6072797104

0.320754717-0.5940286737

0.3647798742-0.6066731582

0.427672956-0.6839477796

0.3270440252-0.756864074

0.2641509434-0.849442155

0.4842767296-0.8140697886

0.6918238994-0.8648133401

0.641509434-0.7871190693

0.3333333333-0.7422867493

0.1257861635-0.6748929846

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0.1194968553-0.7690405915

0.1132075472-0.8415689771

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0.0943396226-0.5489164035

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0.0880503145-0.7227679721

0.1132075472-0.8034026944

0.1132075472-0.7609309975

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0.0566037736-0.5548431873

0.0817610063-0.5360416893

0.0754716981-0.5352383177

0.0817610063-0.5385521109

0.0880503145-0.6041952205

0.0691823899-0.6377329479

0.0754716981-0.646107537

0.0691823899-0.5179687816

0.0817610063-0.4412343697

0.0754716981-0.4320952997

0.1132075472-0.4571003044

0.1132075472-0.5025679856

0.1194968553-0.3745465387

0.0880503145-0.3564815865

0.106918239-0.3377216366

0.106918239-0.3630883313

0.0943396226-0.3707326634

0.0880503145-0.3160262993

0.0943396226-0.3512014204

0.1446540881-0.2904267885

0.1320754717-0.2926277735

0.1257861635-0.261009364

0.0817610063-0.2294400537

0.0880503145-0.360528747

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0.251572327-0.2767100582

0.2075471698-0.2780417339

0.2893081761-0.1367826278

0.2893081761-0.1403889053

0.251572327-0.1314735187

0.251572327-0.1512820239

0.2012578616-0.1687900181

0.2389937107-0.1926264382

0.427672956-0.2009676171

0.4842767296-0.1916340521

0.4842767296-0.1939959539

0.2955974843-0.1665412883

0.2012578616-0.1605637265

0.2578616352-0.1405899704

0.251572327-0.1340713346

0.3459119497-0.140344117

0.3459119497-0.1605185495

0.3522012579-0.1783577666

0.3522012579-0.1822741996

0.3522012579-0.1862368491

0.2578616352-0.1747584796

0.1635220126-0.1651183538

0.1572327044-0.1527381723

0.1761006289-0.1194671848

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0.1698113208-0.1632191197

0.1949685535-0.1793055518

0.2264150943-0.2200698261

0.1320754717-0.1845690947

0.213836478-0.1940473447

0.1823899371-0.1591319606

0.1823899371-0.1872233683

0.1572327044-0.1849316123

0.1823899371-0.4129821943

0.2830188679-0.393526875

0.2830188679-0.4180390463

0.2641509434-0.1724024682

0.2264150943-0.1656144761

0.2578616352-0.1421198392

0.3773584906-0.1433275142

0.320754717-0.1244834955

0.2893081761-0.1260969288

0.3081761006-0.1146563868

0.4025157233-0.1307428302

0.4088050314-0.130787906

0.3459119497-0.1304218168

0.2452830189-0.2141195437

0.1446540881-0.203427214

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0.3018867925-0.0848320621

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0.1383647799-0.1409613141

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0.1886792453-0.0928554202

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0.1446540881-0.1250908249

0.1698113208-0.1161817103

0.1823899371-0.0821460858

0.1194968553-0.061438119

0.0691823899-0.0417656379

Latitude (Degrees)

=>=>=North=>=>

Avg. Relative Building Height

Avg. Relative Bedrock Depth

downtown

BuildingAddressYearSkyHeight_MSkyStoriesBlockLotskyscraperavgDepthLatitude

Bowling Green Building11 Broadway, 11 Greenwich Street18968323135110.418514328340.705433

Whitehall Building Annex17 Battery Place191112931157501110.417259523440.705782

Broad Exchange Building25 Broad Street, 44 Exchange Place190284202519114.594239160940.706043

Atlantic Mutual Building49-53 Wall Street190179.9182621115.906796282240.706376

37 Wall Street (The Trust Company of America)37 Wall Street190797252614116.079481905440.706482

60 Wall Street60-62 Wall Street to Pine Street190510726403113.308546152440.70662

Club Quarters Downtown Hotel52 William Street190381204016115.350202481240.706734

Commercial Cable Building20-22 Broad Street189782.3222350119.689090782740.706824

Fire Companies Building80 Maiden Lane191296264231119.695316838940.70723

Manhattan Life Insurance Building64-70 Broadway189410618237118.552417830840.707246

Knickerbocker Trust Building60 Broadway190911627237118.552417830840.707246

Empire Building71 Broadway189889.321216120.107560445340.707612

German-American Insurance Building68-76 Maiden Lane190885.62166115.007557426940.707677

Gillender BuildingWall Street at Nassau Street, NW Corner18978319469122.138512719740.707702

Hanover National Bank BuildingNassau at Pine Street, SW corner190311722469122.329970468140.707832

Bankers Trust Company Building14 Wall Street191216437469122.329970468140.707832

Bank of Tokyo (American Surety Company)100 Broadway189610326463123.861322530440.708035

U. S. Express Company Building2 Rector Street190710426511114.673423171440.708198

Equitable Building120 Broadway19151644047123.999240.708454

One Trinity Centre (Trinity Building)111 Broadway19058621492120.005399703540.708621

National Bank of Commerce31 Nassau Street189782.319481124.049188318940.70884

Liberty Tower55 Liberty Street191011733648126.013287044340.708987

Goldsmiths' & Silversmiths' Building15 Maiden Lane19078120657124.046546173740.709036

United States Realty Building115 Broadway19078621501117.172636479840.70906

City Investing Building165 Broadway190814833627501125.000469184640.710077

Singer Building149 Broadway190818747627501125.000469184640.710077

Washington Life Building141-145 Broadway189884.718627501123.476466136640.710077

90 West Street90 West Street19079923564116.785330745440.710134

Hudson Terminal Building South50 Church Street19088422611125.8974958940.710809

AT&T Building195 Broadway19141292980128.3940.710821

St. Paul Building (Ivins Syndicate Building)Broadway and Ann Str., SE corner189896268912127.986181866440.711093

Hudson Terminal Building North30 Church Street19088422811126.473769741140.711362

Park Row Building13-21 Park Row189911930907501129.814698722340.71137

Park Place Tower (American Tract Society)150 Nassau Street189589231003139.050557788140.711475

World BuildingPark Row & Franklin18909420121143.202440.712301

Woolworth Building233 Broadway Avenue1913241571231001133.935365628940.712638

Municipal Building1 Centre St191417741121144.356240.713021

Home Life Insurance Building256-257 Broadway189485161347501131.967044099740.713151

New York Life Insurance Building346 Broadway189982121706131.608769614240.716452

W New York - Union Square (Guardian Life Building/Germania)50 Union Square East, 201 Park Avenue19118621873115.137503681940.736779

215 Park Avenue South215 Park Avenue South191480208731314.937520085140.736998

102 Fifth Avenue102 Fifth Avenue191183198174414.252545747540.73721

American Woolen Company Building111 East 18th Street19099119874115.151401776140.737275

Gramercy Park Building257 Park Avenue South at 21 Street19139120876616.617041440840.738559

902 Broadway902 Broadway191380208491615.672904981340.739437

Remington Rand Building315 Park Avenue South, 100 East 24 Street191181208798119.481546158840.740543

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower1 Madison Avenue1909213508537501110.687762682940.741063

Flatiron Building175 5th Avenue and Broadway190286.922851116.855007869540.741152

Hess Building360 Park Avenue South191390218552416.717547935340.742209

Second Madison Square Garden26th & Madison Ave1891981485614.05640.742803

Masonic Hall Building Addition73 West 23 Street19138919825115.774889069340.743079

Madison Square Building15 East 26 Street, 10 East 27 Street191283208561116.897699676340.743445

11 East 26th Street1-13 East 26 Street, 6-8 East 27 Street19128421856916.97342141740.743534

212 Fifth Avenue212 5 Avenue191380208274418.354615352540.743591

Croisic Building220 Fifth Avenue191082208283517.464054427940.743859

Victoria Building230 5 Avenue191280208284117.546459518240.744258

105 Madison Avenue/Kaye Building105 Madison Avenue191591218596415.756163475740.745038


Herald Towers Apartments (McAlpin Hotel)1300 Broadway19129425835115.580322637240.749395

Belmont Hotel120 Park Avenue1908942212763315.248912171840.752126

Everett Building8 West 40 Street191583208415417.256382949240.75241

Union Carbide & Carbon Building310 Madison Avenue, 28 East 41 Street191387.82312765818.793613280740.752735

Bank of America Building (Biltmore Hotel)335 Madison Avenue1913932812782015.396057641540.753727

World's Tower Building110 West 40 Street1913102308153915.489187177140.753792

Yale Club50 Vanderbuilt Avenue1915802012792815.629375970340.754109

Vanderbilt Concourse Building40 EAST 45 STREET/52 Vanderbilt Ave191586201279115.87640.754344

Lewisohn Building119 West 40 Street191399229932215.635894379140.754409

State University College of Optometry (Aeolian Hall Building)33 West 42 Street1912801712581813.781832151740.754653

One Times Square1475 Broadway, Times Square190511125995111.189685630240.756246

Candler Building218 West 42 Street19121042310134113.421635551440.756246

7 West 45th Street7 West 45th Street1904811812613015.657315990840.756327

New York Times Building229 West 43 Street1913811810151213.256139467740.757555

St. Regis Hotel2 East 55 Street1904931812906914.353048440440.761333

U.S. Rubber Company Building1790 Broadway1912872010295314.232535113540.766851

.110 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, 1000537807.149157193440.705083

.160 WATER STREET, NEW YORK, 100387043021.502817661140.706994

.211 PEARL STREET, NEW YORK, 10038696018.126388165140.70745

.25 PECK SLIP, NEW YORK, 1003810740027.569303857940.708222

.3 BEEKMAN STREET, NEW YORK, 100389014027.87588732640.711248

.48 MARKET STREET, NEW YORK, 100022747501037.018183252540.712004

.549 GRAND STREET, NEW YORK, 1000226665027.452171097640.713858

.38 WARREN STREET, NEW YORK, 100071367502034.610398617940.714761

.8 LUDLOW STREET, NEW YORK, 100022971046.86595408440.715054

.51 CANAL STREET, NEW YORK, 100022987501047.014428866940.715265

.50 BOWERY, NEW YORK, 1001320223045.149368286940.715964

.325 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, 1000715225041.271543904740.716265

.132 BROOME STREET, NEW YORK, 1000234260026.702864310140.716558


.87 HESTER STREET, NEW YORK, 1000230830046.253593776240.716737


.288 DELANCEY STREET, NEW YORK, 100023231022.208553215840.717436

.114 BAXTER STREET, NEW YORK, 1001320720031.797764834640.717932

.60 PITT STREET, NEW YORK, 100023381021.805842798940.718054


.132 MULBERRY STREET, NEW YORK, 100132377501036.404556330940.718558



.139 FRANKLIN STREET, NEW YORK, 1001317966027.179298045840.719055

.34 NORTH MOORE STREET, NEW YORK, 1001318925027.283751132640.71977

.23 6 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1001319118024.541203734840.719827

.121 SUFFOLK STREET, NEW YORK, 1000235480029.858948177640.720364

.20 GREENE STREET, NEW YORK, 100132307503028.915350023340.720876

.4 HUBERT STREET, NEW YORK, 1001321527029.66711763340.721754

.306 WEST BROADWAY, NEW YORK, 1001322828022.498942673640.722169

.28 LAIGHT STREET, NEW YORK, 100132207502024.383315453540.722234

.176 EAST 3 STREET, NEW YORK, 1000939818022.649117373140.722884

.1 1st AVENUE, Manhattan, 100094281023.908903671840.723063

.134 AVENUE D, NEW YORK, 100093621027.470685122640.723193

.70 WOOSTER STREET, NEW YORK, 100124865024.399747299440.723291

.285 BOWERY, NEW YORK, 100034561024.798799667940.724299

.3 EXTRA PLACE, NEW YORK, 100034571024.751803551240.72508

.151 6 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1001349146024.283571860140.725324

.103 PRINCE STREET, NEW YORK, 1001251339025.278006764240.725324






.319 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, 1001359692025.167455301640.726999

.246 MERCER STREET, NEW YORK, 100125328019.33028802940.727633

.341 HUDSON STREET, NEW YORK, 1001459858024.611980318940.727844


.245 SULLIVAN STREET, NEW YORK, 100125417501016.717918222840.730202

.78 MORTON STREET, NEW YORK, 1001460264021.899107010640.730739

.93 3 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100034684010.322568227840.731844


.118 WAVERLY PLACE, NEW YORK, 10011552148013.988028565440.732267

.17 JONES STREET, NEW YORK, 1001459081015.409236789140.732283


.33 GROVE STREET, NEW YORK, 1001458871014.306312656740.733031

.10 N D PERLMAN PLACE, NEW YORK, 1000392246010.836903719140.733324


.287 WEST 10 STREET, NEW YORK, 1001463670033.263027330740.733665

.731 GREENWICH STREET, NEW YORK, 1001463245021.704049292240.734706

.205 3 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100038991011.660051960140.735633

.46 BANK STREET, NEW YORK, 100146149022.688262465240.736446


.239 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, 10003875304.445119160440.737698




.60 LEXINGTON AVENUE, NEW YORK, 10010881606.944401636640.741551





.202 9 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 10011746307.011846462340.745599






.261 11 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100016731040.836011212940.752231




.521 5 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100171278103.834772251440.754166

.WEST 30 STREET, Manhattan, 100016763017.979514704940.754751

.440 10 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100017327304.089678314540.754799

.875 3 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100221326107.78073231540.756912



.576 10 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100361052102.697094930440.759383

.611 9 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1003610533102.858822835740.760001


.687 9 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1003610573103.237288737940.762552


.703 9 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1001910583003.733035728140.763137



.705 10 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100191077290-1.188850418540.764356

.767 9 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1001910613202.3793669240.765088

.789 9 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1001910623301.28265436640.765689

downtown

40.705433

40.705782

40.706043

40.706376

40.706482

40.70662

40.706734

40.706824

40.70723

40.707246

40.707246

40.707612

40.707677

40.707702

40.707832

40.707832

40.708035

40.708198

40.708454

40.708621

40.70884

40.708987

40.709036

40.70906

40.710077

40.710077

40.710077

40.710134

40.710809

40.710821

40.711093

40.711362

40.71137

40.711475

40.712301

40.712638

40.713021

40.713151

40.716452

Latitude

bedrock

LatitudeMaxStoriesAavgDepthRel. HeightRel DepthAvg. Relative Building HeightAvg. Relative Bedrock Depth

40.70508367.14915719340.0755-0.1730

40.7054332210.41851432830.3774-0.2408Avg Lat0.3396-0.2182

40.7057823210.41725952340.5660-0.240840.70574340.4340-0.2697

40.7060432114.59423916090.3585-0.327440.70602320.4528-0.3076

40.7063762515.90679628220.4340-0.354740.70626060.4088-0.3468

40.7064822516.07948190540.4340-0.358240.7064510.4403-0.3379

40.706622613.30854615240.4528-0.300840.70660720.4465-0.3340

40.7067342615.35020248120.4528-0.343140.70673080.4340-0.3590

40.7068242319.68909078270.3962-0.433140.70688040.3082-0.4157

40.706994621.50281766110.0755-0.470740.70700560.2956-0.4457

40.707232419.69531683890.4151-0.433340.7071080.2956-0.4378

40.7072462318.55241783080.3962-0.409540.70723320.4025-0.4174

40.7072462318.55241783080.3962-0.409540.70735680.3019-0.4066

40.70745818.12638816510.1132-0.400740.70744620.2893-0.4174

40.7076122120.10756044530.3585-0.441840.70753740.2704-0.3928

40.7076772015.00755742690.3396-0.336040.70765460.4654-0.4206

40.7077023922.13851271970.6981-0.483940.7077310.5786-0.4359

40.7078323922.32997046810.6981-0.487940.70781560.6981-0.4866

40.7078323922.32997046810.6981-0.487940.70791980.6981-0.4985

40.7080353923.86132253040.6981-0.519740.70802380.5975-0.4456

40.7081982314.67342317140.3962-0.329140.70814820.3836-0.4818

40.708222527.56930385790.0566-0.596640.7083060.3774-0.4827

40.7084543823.99920.6792-0.522540.7084670.3648-0.5196

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40.76508852.379366920.0566-0.074040.76519340.0692-0.0418

40.76568951.2826543660.0566-0.0513

40.766851204.23253511350.3396-0.1125

bedrock

Latitude (Degrees)

=>=>=North=>=>



Sheet3

The Great Leap: Location of Skyscrapers over Time

Population Movement: Manhattan Residents above 40th Street

Demographic Locations, 1890

Chart2

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15.232050773540.3411344704-23.86132253

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27.867833945233.7757695566-6.694730202

27.867833945233.7757695566-7.011846462

25.015065686434.7233939978-8.204733192

27.867833945233.7757695566-1.883418106

27.867833945233.7757695566-4.209674445

24.664081522240.9775453152-4.44511916

20.144824311539.7732668566-6.602847394

20.144824311539.7732668566-6.944401637

24.664081522240.9775453152-11.66005196

20.144824311539.7732668566-3.155866546

24.141267537539.6710208031-6.069997391

24.664081522240.9775453152-10.83690372

34.371055952930.795119899-3.225323326

36.09305160533.6042259244-2.895822154

34.371055952930.795119899-3.379793212

32.425718926128.7665997898-4.127488663

19.774390066263.7566677354-2.69709493

19.774390066263.7566677354-2.858822836

19.774390066263.7566677354-3.237288738

19.774390066263.7566677354-3.733035728

24.131290295636.305785816-2.37936692

24.131290295636.305785816-1.282654366

15.60701319437.85088107681.188850418

41.452677916438.1071166544-5.415834274

41.452677916438.1071166544-5.373942642

40.975945017239.1065292096-6.274772517

40.975945017239.1065292096-3.834772251

16.496885732640.7357820595-7.780732315

8.771704180143.5884244373-6.007519607

8.771704180143.5884244373-7.857653518

8.771704180143.5884244373-5.314545484

10.20974084944.5195119492-3.549742027

19.601593625543.8247011952-28.39

15.232050773540.3411344704-23.9992

12.153696227243.7700125296-44.3562

12.153696227243.7700125296-43.2024

45.967264839338.1384342339-4.056

40.975945017239.1065292096-5.876

% White with two native parents

% Foreign

Bedrock depth

demographics

idLatitudeSD_pctBlack% White with two native parents% ForeignavgDepthBedrock depthSD_pctWhiteNativeParents

140.7072464.363347877815.232050773540.341118.55241783-18.5524178315.2320507735

240.7080354.363347877815.232050773540.341123.86132253-23.8613225315.2320507735

340.7110932.47578040917.115177610347.255127.98618187-27.9861818717.1151776103

440.711372.47578040917.115177610347.255129.81469872-29.8146987217.1151776103

540.7078324.363347877815.232050773540.341122.32997047-22.3299704715.2320507735

640.7613333.422680412440.975945017239.10654.35304844-4.3530484440.9759450172

740.75624610.854017669334.371055952930.79511.18968563-1.1896856334.3710559529

840.706624.363347877815.232050773540.341113.30854615-13.3085461515.2320507735

940.7101340.29523926688.402017468348.173216.78533075-16.785330758.4020174683

1040.7081980.29523926688.402017468348.173214.67342317-14.673423178.4020174683

1140.7521263.422680412440.975945017239.10655.248912172-5.24891217240.9759450172

1240.7100770.79681274919.601593625543.824725.00046918-25.0004691819.6015936255

1340.7100770.79681274919.601593625543.824725.00046918-25.0004691819.6015936255

1440.7372751.055099648324.664081522240.97755.151401776-5.15140177624.6640815222

1540.7072464.363347877815.232050773540.341118.55241783-18.5524178315.2320507735

1640.7410632.918564920350.626423690237.001710.68776268-10.6877626850.6264236902

1740.7089872.47578040917.115177610347.255126.01328704-26.0132870417.1151776103

1840.7057820.29523926688.402017468348.173210.41725952-10.417259528.4020174683

1940.75624610.854017669334.371055952930.79513.421635551-3.42163555134.3710559529

2040.7493952.715098147145.753072830737.44275.580322637-5.58032263745.7530728307

2140.707234.363347877815.232050773540.341119.69531684-19.6953168415.2320507735

2240.7078324.363347877815.232050773540.341122.32997047-22.3299704715.2320507735

2340.7385590.397673314320.144824311539.77336.617041441-6.61704144120.1448243115

2440.75440910.854017669334.371055952930.79515.635894379-5.63589437934.3710559529

2540.7537273.422680412440.975945017239.10655.396057641-5.39605764140.9759450172

2640.7537928.324752475219.920792079234.81195.489187177-5.48918717719.9207920792

2740.7126380.79681274919.601593625543.824733.93536563-33.9353656319.6015936255

2840.7131510.79681274919.601593625543.824731.9670441-31.967044119.6015936255

2940.7114752.47578040917.115177610347.255139.05055779-39.0505577917.1151776103

3040.7054330.29523926688.402017468348.173210.41851433-10.418514338.4020174683

3140.7068244.363347877815.232050773540.341119.68909078-19.6890907815.2320507735

3240.7077024.363347877815.232050773540.341122.13851272-22.1385127215.2320507735

3340.708844.363347877815.232050773540.341124.04918832-24.0491883215.2320507735

3440.7076120.29523926688.402017468348.173220.10756045-20.107560458.4020174683

3540.7100770.79681274919.601593625543.824723.47646614-23.4764661419.6015936255

3640.7164520.86867654578.993357179449.616831.60876961-31.608769618.9933571794

3740.7063764.363347877815.232050773540.341115.90679628-15.9067962815.2320507735

3840.7060434.363347877815.232050773540.341114.59423916-14.5942391615.2320507735

3940.7411522.918564920350.626423690237.00176.85500787-6.8550078750.6264236902

4040.7067344.363347877815.232050773540.341115.35020248-15.3502024815.2320507735

4140.7563273.422680412440.975945017239.10655.657315991-5.65731599140.9759450172

4240.7086210.29523926688.402017468348.173220.0053997-20.00539978.4020174683

4340.7064824.363347877815.232050773540.341116.07948191-16.0794819115.2320507735

4440.7090362.47578040917.115177610347.255124.04654617-24.0465461717.1151776103

4540.709060.29523926688.402017468348.173217.17263648-17.172636488.4020174683

4640.7076772.47578040917.115177610347.255115.00755743-15.0075574317.1151776103

4740.7113620.79681274919.601593625543.824726.47376974-26.4737697419.6015936255

4840.7108090.79681274919.601593625543.824725.89749589-25.8974958919.6015936255

4940.7466392.715098147145.753072830737.442711.14127461-11.1412746145.7530728307

5040.7438592.800236639745.967264839338.13847.464054428-7.46405442845.9672648393

5140.737212.355072463842.908902691538.61284.252545747-4.25254574742.9089026915

5240.7405430.397673314320.144824311539.77339.481546159-9.48154615920.1448243115

5340.7367791.055099648324.664081522240.97755.137503682-5.13750368224.6640815222

5440.7435342.800236639745.967264839338.13846.973421417-6.97342141745.9672648393

5540.7434452.800236639745.967264839338.13846.897699676-6.89769967645.9672648393

5640.7546533.422680412440.975945017239.10653.781832152-3.78183215240.9759450172

5740.7668514.733848029336.09305160533.60424.232535113-4.23253511336.093051605

5840.7442582.800236639745.967264839338.13847.546459518-7.54645951845.9672648393

5940.7435912.918564920350.626423690237.00178.354615352-8.35461535250.6264236902

6040.7394372.918564920350.626423690237.00175.672904981-5.67290498150.6264236902

6140.7422092.918564920350.626423690237.00176.717547935-6.71754793550.6264236902

6240.7430792.918564920350.626423690237.00175.774889069-5.77488906950.6264236902

6340.75755510.854017669334.371055952930.79513.256139468-3.25613946834.3710559529

6440.7527353.422680412440.975945017239.10658.793613281-8.79361328140.9759450172

6540.7369981.055099648324.664081522240.97754.937520085-4.93752008524.6640815222

6640.7450382.800236639745.967264839338.13845.756163476-5.75616347645.9672648393

6740.752413.455859252339.93088281540.49647.256382949-7.25638294939.930882815

6840.7541093.422680412440.975945017239.10655.62937597-5.6293759740.9759450172

6940.7050834.363347877815.232050773540.34117.149157193-7.14915719315.2320507735

7040.707452.47578040917.115177610347.255118.12638817-18.1263881717.1151776103

7140.7069942.47578040917.115177610347.255121.50281766-21.5028176617.1151776103

7240.7112482.47578040917.115177610347.255127.87588733-27.8758873317.1151776103

7340.7082220.654322706412.153696227243.770027.56930386-27.5693038612.1536962272

7440.7147610.79681274919.601593625543.824734.61039862-34.6103986219.6015936255

7540.7162651.287553648111.685524775744.030441.2715439-41.271543911.6855247757

7640.7166881.287553648111.685524775744.030434.68782591-34.6878259111.6855247757

7740.7190551.287553648111.685524775744.030427.17929805-27.1792980511.6855247757

7840.719771.287553648111.685524775744.030427.28375113-27.2837511311.6855247757

7940.7198271.287553648111.685524775744.030424.54120373-24.5412037311.6855247757

8040.7159642.61209378863.359385712360.037045.14936829-45.149368293.3593857123

8140.7179320.78422829765.772791634956.889231.79776483-31.797764835.7727916349

8240.718640.78422829765.772791634956.889233.46641691-33.466416915.7727916349

8340.7217540.206640033111.764705882443.973029.66711763-29.6671176311.7647058824

8440.7222341.287553648111.685524775744.030424.38331545-24.3833154511.6855247757

8540.7221694.354460093910.2934272348.603322.49894267-22.4989426710.29342723

8640.7208764.354460093910.2934272348.603328.91535002-28.9153500210.29342723

8740.7185580.51287474227.159096917558.219236.40455633-36.404556337.1590969175

8840.7138580.026269702312.837127845942.092827.4521711-27.452171112.8371278459

8940.7120040.20903753786.38676392149.893337.01818325-37.018183256.386763921

9040.7150540.17712550613.950983227362.557846.86595408-46.865954083.9509832273

9140.7152650.17712550613.950983227362.557847.01442887-47.014428873.9509832273

9240.7167370.17712550613.950983227362.557846.25359378-46.253593783.9509832273

9340.7174360.071350164712.886937431443.496222.20855322-22.2085532212.8869374314

9440.7180540.17712550613.950983227362.557821.8058428-21.80584283.9509832273

9540.7165580.17712550613.950983227362.557826.70286431-26.702864313.9509832273

9640.717290.17712550613.950983227362.557837.19118239-37.191182393.9509832273

9740.7203640.09302325585.302325581456.292429.85894818-29.858948185.3023255814

9840.7231930.048617113212.089455488340.735727.47068512-27.4706851212.0894554883

9940.7259420.048617113212.089455488340.735729.13345718-29.1334571812.0894554883

10040.7255680.0555976757.793783169147.121634.24444299-34.244442997.7937831691

10140.7228840.09302325585.302325581456.292422.64911737-22.649117375.3023255814

10240.7183150.40581421094.795986128561.956842.74240887-42.742408874.7959861285

10340.7188840.40581421094.795986128561.956836.60058367-36.600583674.7959861285

10440.7230630.29812127358.696141298252.986823.90890367-23.908903678.6961412982

10540.7262990.10861925765.405405405449.134226.48905473-26.489054735.4054054054

10640.7267220.195378865110.24464831848.165115.71431835-15.7143183510.244648318

10740.7242990.29812127358.696141298252.986824.79879967-24.798799678.6961412982

10840.725080.29812127358.696141298252.986824.75180355-24.751803558.6961412982

10940.7268850.195378865110.24464831848.165118.03690632-18.0369063210.244648318

11040.7287390.195378865110.24464831848.16516.654294622-6.65429462210.244648318

11140.7318440.840412898516.799123047442.998110.32256823-10.3225682316.7991230474

11240.7232914.354460093910.2934272348.603324.3997473-24.399747310.29342723

11340.7253244.354460093910.2934272348.603324.28357186-24.2835718610.29342723

11440.7253243.626760563421.467136150260.751225.27800676-25.2780067621.4671361502

11540.72763318.446903112412.346189639142.611919.33028803-19.3302880312.3461896391

11640.73020218.446903112412.346189639142.611916.71791822-16.7179182212.3461896391

11740.7322674.858070893936.887445276135.235113.98802857-13.9880285736.8874452761

11840.733340.840412898516.799123047442.99814.469521337-4.46952133716.7991230474

11940.732824.858070893936.887445276135.23519.034754177-9.03475417736.8874452761

12040.7319426.849412602345.083659665444.976917.82336384-17.8233638445.0836596654

12140.7330316.849412602345.083659665444.976914.30631266-14.3063126645.0836596654

12240.7322836.849412602345.083659665444.976915.40923679-15.4092367945.0836596654

12340.7269990.524282560717.816409124438.824525.1674553-25.167455317.8164091244

12440.7278440.524282560717.816409124438.824524.61198032-24.6119803217.8164091244

12540.7307390.186056692630.447630513332.001821.89910701-21.8991070130.4476305133

12640.7364461.24599501637.985048059822.007822.68826247-22.6882624737.9850480598

12740.7347060.186056692630.447630513332.001821.70404929-21.7040492930.4476305133

12840.7336650.186056692630.447630513332.001833.26302733-33.2630273330.4476305133

12940.7372590.838909417826.086088085532.757427.04449787-27.0444978726.0860880855

13040.7522310.708752266413.952530080840.192840.83601121-40.8360112113.9525300808

13140.75475113.584606953718.053948730435.718217.9795147-17.979514718.0539487304

13240.7517440.708752266413.952530080840.192810.06981352-10.0698135213.9525300808

13340.7486710.36581796928.504536142835.601412.90676155-12.9067615528.5045361428

13440.7547990.233742382515.986309374738.76784.089678315-4.08967831515.9863093747

13540.7426244.839098469325.015065686434.72345.990593632-5.99059363225.0150656864

13640.744388.003388873227.867833945233.77586.694730202-6.69473020227.8678339452

13740.7455998.003388873227.867833945233.77587.011846462-7.01184646227.8678339452

13840.7408194.839098469325.015065686434.72348.204733192-8.20473319225.0150656864

13940.7450468.003388873227.867833945233.77581.883418106-1.88341810627.8678339452

14040.7468678.003388873227.867833945233.77584.209674445-4.20967444527.8678339452

14140.7376981.055099648324.664081522240.97754.44511916-4.4451191624.6640815222

14240.7408840.397673314320.144824311539.77336.602847394-6.60284739420.1448243115

14340.7415510.397673314320.144824311539.77336.944401637-6.94440163720.1448243115

14440.7356331.055099648324.664081522240.977511.66005196-11.6600519624.6640815222

14540.7400390.397673314320.144824311539.77333.155866546-3.15586654620.1448243115

14640.7450140.774068698624.141267537539.67106.069997391-6.06999739124.1412675375

14740.7333241.055099648324.664081522240.977510.83690372-10.8369037224.6640815222

14840.75912310.854017669334.371055952930.79513.225323326-3.22532332634.3710559529

14940.7603914.733848029336.09305160533.60422.895822154-2.89582215436.093051605

15040.75697710.854017669334.371055952930.79513.379793212-3.37979321234.3710559529

15140.7639833.276965701732.425718926128.76664.127488663-4.12748866332.4257189261

15240.7593831.157198239419.774390066263.75672.69709493-2.6970949319.7743900662

15340.7600011.157198239419.774390066263.75672.858822836-2.85882283619.7743900662

15440.7625521.157198239419.774390066263.75673.237288738-3.23728873819.7743900662

15540.7631371.157198239419.774390066263.75673.733035728-3.73303572819.7743900662

15640.7650882.013731893224.131290295636.30582.37936692-2.3793669224.1312902956

15740.7656892.013731893224.131290295636.30581.282654366-1.28265436624.1312902956

15840.7643560.061985300615.60701319437.8509-1.1888504181.18885041815.607013194

15940.7626171.702127659641.452677916438.10715.415834274-5.41583427441.4526779164

16040.7633161.702127659641.452677916438.10715.373942642-5.37394264241.4526779164

16140.7535153.422680412440.975945017239.10656.274772517-6.27477251740.9759450172

16240.7541663.422680412440.975945017239.10653.834772251-3.83477225140.9759450172

16340.7569121.076896210516.496885732640.73587.780732315-7.78073231516.4968857326

16440.7491430.26366559498.771704180143.58846.007519607-6.0075196078.7717041801

16540.7498090.26366559498.771704180143.58847.857653518-7.8576535188.7717041801

16640.7528980.26366559498.771704180143.58845.314545484-5.3145454848.7717041801

16740.7539220.171422809310.20974084944.51953.549742027-3.54974202710.209740849

16840.7108210.79681274919.601593625543.824728.39-28.3919.6015936255

16940.7084544.363347877815.232050773540.341123.9992-23.999215.2320507735

17040.7130210.654322706412.153696227243.770044.3562-44.356212.1536962272

17140.7123010.654322706412.153696227243.770043.2024-43.202412.1536962272

17240.7428032.800236639745.967264839338.13844.056-4.05645.9672648393

17340.7543443.422680412440.975945017239.10655.876-5.87640.9759450172

demographics

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% Foreign

downtown

00

00

00

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00

00

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Bedrock depth

bedrock

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

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0

0

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0

% White Native Parents vs Bedrock Depth

y=33.08-.66x, R2=0.359

Bedrock Depth

SD_pctWhiteNativeParents

predictions

000

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000


% Foreign

Bedrock depth

BuildingAddressYearSkyHeight_MSkyStoriesBlockLotskyscraperavgDepthLatitude

Bowling Green Building11 Broadway, 11 Greenwich Street18968323135110.418514328340.705433

Whitehall Building Annex17 Battery Place191112931157501110.417259523440.705782

Broad Exchange Building25 Broad Street, 44 Exchange Place190284202519114.594239160940.706043

Atlantic Mutual Building49-53 Wall Street190179.9182621115.906796282240.706376

37 Wall Street (The Trust Company of America)37 Wall Street190797252614116.079481905440.706482

60 Wall Street60-62 Wall Street to Pine Street190510726403113.308546152440.70662

Club Quarters Downtown Hotel52 William Street190381204016115.350202481240.706734

Commercial Cable Building20-22 Broad Street189782.3222350119.689090782740.706824

Fire Companies Building80 Maiden Lane191296264231119.695316838940.70723

Manhattan Life Insurance Building64-70 Broadway189410618237118.552417830840.707246

Knickerbocker Trust Building60 Broadway190911627237118.552417830840.707246

Empire Building71 Broadway189889.321216120.107560445340.707612

German-American Insurance Building68-76 Maiden Lane190885.62166115.007557426940.707677

Gillender BuildingWall Street at Nassau Street, NW Corner18978319469122.138512719740.707702

Hanover National Bank BuildingNassau at Pine Street, SW corner190311722469122.329970468140.707832

Bankers Trust Company Building14 Wall Street191216437469122.329970468140.707832

Bank of Tokyo (American Surety Company)100 Broadway189610326463123.861322530440.708035

U. S. Express Company Building2 Rector Street190710426511114.673423171440.708198

Equitable Building120 Broadway19151644047123.999240.708454

One Trinity Centre (Trinity Building)111 Broadway19058621492120.005399703540.708621

National Bank of Commerce31 Nassau Street189782.319481124.049188318940.70884

Liberty Tower55 Liberty Street191011733648126.013287044340.708987

Goldsmiths' & Silversmiths' Building15 Maiden Lane19078120657124.046546173740.709036

United States Realty Building115 Broadway19078621501117.172636479840.70906

City Investing Building165 Broadway190814833627501125.000469184640.710077

Singer Building149 Broadway190818747627501125.000469184640.710077

Washington Life Building141-145 Broadway189884.718627501123.476466136640.710077

90 West Street90 West Street19079923564116.785330745440.710134

Hudson Terminal Building South50 Church Street19088422611125.8974958940.710809

AT&T Building195 Broadway19141292980128.3940.710821

St. Paul Building (Ivins Syndicate Building)Broadway and Ann Str., SE corner189896268912127.986181866440.711093

Hudson Terminal Building North30 Church Street19088422811126.473769741140.711362

Park Row Building13-21 Park Row189911930907501129.814698722340.71137

Park Place Tower (American Tract Society)150 Nassau Street189589231003139.050557788140.711475

World BuildingPark Row & Franklin18909420121143.202440.712301

Woolworth Building233 Broadway Avenue1913241571231001133.935365628940.712638

Municipal Building1 Centre St191417741121144.356240.713021

Home Life Insurance Building256-257 Broadway189485161347501131.967044099740.713151

New York Life Insurance Building346 Broadway189982121706131.608769614240.716452

W New York - Union Square (Guardian Life Building/Germania)50 Union Square East, 201 Park Avenue19118621873115.137503681940.736779

215 Park Avenue South215 Park Avenue South191480208731314.937520085140.736998


American Woolen Company Building111 East 18th Street19099119874115.151401776140.737275

Gramercy Park Building257 Park Avenue South at 21 Street19139120876616.617041440840.738559

902 Broadway902 Broadway191380208491615.672904981340.739437

Remington Rand Building315 Park Avenue South, 100 East 24 Street191181208798119.481546158840.740543

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower1 Madison Avenue1909213508537501110.687762682940.741063

Flatiron Building175 5th Avenue and Broadway190286.922851116.855007869540.741152

Hess Building360 Park Avenue South191390218552416.717547935340.742209

Second Madison Square Garden26th & Madison Ave1891981485614.05640.742803

Masonic Hall Building Addition73 West 23 Street19138919825115.774889069340.743079

Madison Square Building15 East 26 Street, 10 East 27 Street191283208561116.897699676340.743445

11 East 26th Street1-13 East 26 Street, 6-8 East 27 Street19128421856916.97342141740.743534

212 Fifth Avenue212 5 Avenue191380208274418.354615352540.743591

Croisic Building220 Fifth Avenue191082208283517.464054427940.743859

Victoria Building230 5 Avenue191280208284117.546459518240.744258

105 Madison Avenue/Kaye Building105 Madison Avenue191591218596415.756163475740.745038


Herald Towers Apartments (McAlpin Hotel)1300 Broadway19129425835115.580322637240.749395

Belmont Hotel120 Park Avenue1908942212763315.248912171840.752126

Everett Building8 West 40 Street191583208415417.256382949240.75241

Union Carbide & Carbon Building310 Madison Avenue, 28 East 41 Street191387.82312765818.793613280740.752735

Bank of America Building (Biltmore Hotel)335 Madison Avenue1913932812782015.396057641540.753727

World's Tower Building110 West 40 Street1913102308153915.489187177140.753792

Yale Club50 Vanderbuilt Avenue1915802012792815.629375970340.754109

Vanderbilt Concourse Building40 EAST 45 STREET/52 Vanderbilt Ave191586201279115.87640.754344

Lewisohn Building119 West 40 Street191399229932215.635894379140.754409

State University College of Optometry (Aeolian Hall Building)33 West 42 Street1912801712581813.781832151740.754653

One Times Square1475 Broadway, Times Square190511125995111.189685630240.756246

Candler Building218 West 42 Street19121042310134113.421635551440.756246

7 West 45th Street7 West 45th Street1904811812613015.657315990840.756327

New York Times Building229 West 43 Street1913811810151213.256139467740.757555

St. Regis Hotel2 East 55 Street1904931812906914.353048440440.761333

U.S. Rubber Company Building1790 Broadway1912872010295314.232535113540.766851

.110 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, 1000537807.149157193440.705083

.160 WATER STREET, NEW YORK, 100387043021.502817661140.706994

.211 PEARL STREET, NEW YORK, 10038696018.126388165140.70745

.25 PECK SLIP, NEW YORK, 1003810740027.569303857940.708222

.3 BEEKMAN STREET, NEW YORK, 100389014027.87588732640.711248

.48 MARKET STREET, NEW YORK, 100022747501037.018183252540.712004

.549 GRAND STREET, NEW YORK, 1000226665027.452171097640.713858

.38 WARREN STREET, NEW YORK, 100071367502034.610398617940.714761



.50 BOWERY, NEW YORK, 1001320223045.149368286940.715964




.87 HESTER STREET, NEW YORK, 1000230830046.253593776240.716737


.288 DELANCEY STREET, NEW YORK, 100023231022.208553215840.717436

.114 BAXTER STREET, NEW YORK, 1001320720031.797764834640.717932

.60 PITT STREET, NEW YORK, 100023381021.805842798940.718054


.132 MULBERRY STREET, NEW YORK, 100132377501036.404556330940.718558



.139 FRANKLIN STREET, NEW YORK, 1001317966027.179298045840.719055

.34 NORTH MOORE STREET, NEW YORK, 1001318925027.283751132640.71977

.23 6 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1001319118024.541203734840.719827

.121 SUFFOLK STREET, NEW YORK, 1000235480029.858948177640.720364

.20 GREENE STREET, NEW YORK, 100132307503028.915350023340.720876

.4 HUBERT STREET, NEW YORK, 1001321527029.66711763340.721754

.306 WEST BROADWAY, NEW YORK, 1001322828022.498942673640.722169

.28 LAIGHT STREET, NEW YORK, 100132207502024.383315453540.722234


.1 1st AVENUE, Manhattan, 100094281023.908903671840.723063

.134 AVENUE D, NEW YORK, 100093621027.470685122640.723193

.70 WOOSTER STREET, NEW YORK, 100124865024.399747299440.723291

.285 BOWERY, NEW YORK, 100034561024.798799667940.724299

.3 EXTRA PLACE, NEW YORK, 100034571024.751803551240.72508

.151 6 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1001349146024.283571860140.725324

.103 PRINCE STREET, NEW YORK, 1001251339025.278006764240.725324






.319 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, 1001359692025.167455301640.726999

.246 MERCER STREET, NEW YORK, 100125328019.33028802940.727633



.245 SULLIVAN STREET, NEW YORK, 100125417501016.717918222840.730202

.78 MORTON STREET, NEW YORK, 1001460264021.899107010640.730739

.93 3 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100034684010.322568227840.731844


.118 WAVERLY PLACE, NEW YORK, 10011552148013.988028565440.732267

.17 JONES STREET, NEW YORK, 1001459081015.409236789140.732283


.33 GROVE STREET, NEW YORK, 1001458871014.306312656740.733031

.10 N D PERLMAN PLACE, NEW YORK, 1000392246010.836903719140.733324



.731 GREENWICH STREET, NEW YORK, 1001463245021.704049292240.734706

.205 3 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100038991011.660051960140.735633

.46 BANK STREET, NEW YORK, 100146149022.688262465240.736446






.60 LEXINGTON AVENUE, NEW YORK, 10010881606.944401636640.741551





.202 9 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 10011746307.011846462340.745599






.261 11 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100016731040.836011212940.752231




.521 5 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100171278103.834772251440.754166

.WEST 30 STREET, Manhattan, 100016763017.979514704940.754751

.440 10 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100017327304.089678314540.754799

.875 3 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100221326107.78073231540.756912



.576 10 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100361052102.697094930440.759383

.611 9 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1003610533102.858822835740.760001


.687 9 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1003610573103.237288737940.762552


.703 9 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1001910583003.733035728140.763137



.705 10 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 100191077290-1.188850418540.764356

.767 9 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1001910613202.3793669240.765088

.789 9 AVENUE, NEW YORK, 1001910623301.28265436640.765689

0

0

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0

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0

0

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0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Latitude

LatitudeMaxStoriesAavgDepthRel. HeightRel DepthAvg. Relative Building HeightAvg. Relative Bedrock Depth

40.70508367.14915719340.0755-0.1730

40.7054332210.41851432830.3774-0.2408Avg Lat0.3396-0.2182

40.7057823210.41725952340.5660-0.240840.70574340.4340-0.2697

40.7060432114.59423916090.3585-0.327440.70602320.4528-0.3076

40.7063762515.90679628220.4340-0.354740.70626060.4088-0.3468

40.7064822516.07948190540.4340-0.358240.7064510.4403-0.3379

40.706622613.30854615240.4528-0.300840.70660720.4465-0.3340

40.7067342615.35020248120.4528-0.343140.70673080.4340-0.3590

40.7068242319.68909078270.3962-0.433140.70688040.3082-0.4157

40.706994621.50281766110.0755-0.470740.70700560.2956-0.4457

40.707232419.69531683890.4151-0.433340.7071080.2956-0.4378

40.7072462318.55241783080.3962-0.409540.70723320.4025-0.4174

40.7072462318.55241783080.3962-0.409540.70735680.3019-0.4066

40.70745818.12638816510.1132-0.400740.70744620.2893-0.4174

40.7076122120.10756044530.3585-0.441840.70753740.2704-0.3928

40.7076772015.00755742690.3396-0.336040.70765460.4654-0.4206

40.7077023922.13851271970.6981-0.483940.7077310.5786-0.4359

40.7078323922.32997046810.6981-0.487940.70781560.6981-0.4866

40.7078323922.32997046810.6981-0.487940.70791980.6981-0.4985

40.7080353923.86132253040.6981-0.519740.70802380.5975-0.4456

40.7081982314.67342317140.3962-0.329140.70814820.3836-0.4818

40.708222527.56930385790.0566-0.596640.7083060.3774-0.4827

40.7084543823.99920.6792-0.522540.7084670.3648-0.5196

40.7086212120.00539970350.3585-0.439740.70862480.4591-0.4953

40.708842024.04918831890.3396-0.523640.70878760.4151-0.5092

40.7089873126.01328704430.5472-0.564340.70890880.4088-0.5371

40.7090362024.04654617370.3396-0.523540.70920.4151-0.4896

40.709062117.17263647980.3585-0.380940.70944740.4780-0.4826

40.7100774125.00046918460.7358-0.543340.70966540.6101-0.4892

40.7100774125.00046918460.7358-0.543340.7098850.7358-0.5328

40.7100774123.47646613660.7358-0.511740.71023480.6541-0.4760

40.7101342816.78533074540.4906-0.372940.71038360.5346-0.4822

40.7108092225.897495890.3774-0.561940.71058680.4528-0.5161

40.7108212828.390.4906-0.613640.7108210.4340-0.5936

40.7110932527.98618186640.4340-0.605240.71106660.3585-0.6073

40.7112481027.8758873260.1509-0.603040.71117880.3208-0.5940

40.7113622226.47376974110.3774-0.573940.71130960.3648-0.6067

40.711373229.81469872230.5660-0.643240.71149180.4277-0.6839

40.7114752039.05055778810.3396-0.834840.71170240.3270-0.7569

40.712004637.01818325250.0755-0.792640.71195760.2642-0.8494

40.7123012243.20240.3774-0.920940.71228780.4843-0.8141

40.7126385533.93536562891.0000-0.728740.7126230.6918-0.8648

40.7130213944.35620.6981-0.944940.71299380.6415-0.7871

40.7131511431.96704409970.2264-0.687840.71348580.3333-0.7423

40.713858627.45217109760.0755-0.594240.7139690.1258-0.6749

40.714761634.61039861790.0755-0.742740.71441780.0755-0.7779

40.715054646.8659540840.0755-0.996940.71498040.0818-0.9132

40.715265747.01442886690.0943-1.000040.71546180.0692-0.9861

40.715964445.14936828690.0377-0.961340.71580.0692-0.9474

40.716265641.27154390470.0755-0.880940.71610080.1006-0.8409

40.7164521231.60876961420.1887-0.680440.71638540.1195-0.7133

40.716558726.70286431010.0943-0.578640.716540.1572-0.6678

40.7166881234.68782590590.1887-0.744340.7167450.1195-0.7690

40.716737646.25359377620.0755-0.984240.71694180.1132-0.8416

40.71729637.19118239140.0755-0.796240.71721660.0818-0.7553

40.717436722.20855321580.0943-0.485440.71748980.0881-0.6553

40.717932731.79776483460.0943-0.684340.71780540.0943-0.5489

40.718054721.80584279890.0943-0.477040.7180590.0881-0.6909

40.718315642.74240886630.0755-0.911440.71829980.0881-0.7228

40.718558736.40455633090.0943-0.779940.71849020.1132-0.8034

40.718641133.46641691140.1698-0.718940.71869040.1132-0.7609

40.718884636.60058367070.0755-0.784040.71898140.1321-0.6971

40.7190551027.17929804580.1509-0.588540.71923520.1258-0.6544

40.719771027.28375113260.1509-0.590740.719580.1321-0.5710

40.719827724.54120373480.0943-0.533840.71997840.1132-0.5895

40.720364729.85894817760.0943-0.644140.72051820.0881-0.6008

40.720876628.91535002330.0755-0.624540.7209980.1006-0.6362

40.721754929.6671176330.1321-0.640140.72147940.1006-0.5854

40.722169722.49894267360.0943-0.491440.72198340.1069-0.5540

40.722234724.38331545350.0943-0.530540.72242080.0881-0.5055

40.722884622.64911737310.0755-0.494540.72270860.0818-0.5152

40.723063623.90890367180.0755-0.520740.7229330.0503-0.5366

40.723193227.47068512260.0000-0.594640.7233460.0629-0.5487

40.723291824.39974729940.1132-0.530840.72378520.0566-0.5548

40.724299524.79879966790.0566-0.539140.72423740.0818-0.5360

40.72508624.75180355120.0755-0.538240.72466360.0755-0.5352

40.725324724.28357186010.0943-0.528440.7251190.0818-0.5386

40.725324625.27800676420.0755-0.549140.72544760.0881-0.6042

40.725568734.24444298970.0943-0.735140.72569140.0692-0.6377

40.725942429.13345718110.0377-0.629140.7259710.0755-0.6461

40.726299726.48905473030.0943-0.574240.72628320.0692-0.5180

40.726722615.7143183520.0755-0.350740.72656940.0818-0.4412

40.726885618.03690631890.0755-0.398840.72690760.0755-0.4321

40.726999625.16745530160.0755-0.546840.72721660.1132-0.4571

40.7276331219.3302880290.1887-0.425740.727620.1132-0.5026

40.727844624.61198031890.0755-0.535340.72828340.1195-0.3745

40.72873976.65429462220.0943-0.162740.72903140.0881-0.3565

40.730202716.71791822280.0943-0.371540.72987360.1069-0.3377

40.730739921.89910701060.1321-0.479040.73069320.1069-0.3631

40.731844710.32256822780.0943-0.238840.73139880.0943-0.3707

40.731942517.82336384440.0566-0.394440.7318150.0881-0.3160

40.732267813.98802856540.1132-0.314940.73223120.0943-0.3512

40.732283815.40923678910.1132-0.344340.73246860.1447-0.2904

40.73282139.03475417710.2075-0.212140.7327450.1321-0.2926

40.733031614.30631265670.0755-0.321540.73295960.1258-0.2610

40.733324710.83690371910.0943-0.249540.7332360.0818-0.2294

40.7333464.46952133720.0755-0.117440.73361320.0881-0.3605

40.733665733.26302733070.0943-0.714740.73413360.1069-0.4357

40.7347061021.70404929220.1509-0.474940.7347580.1069-0.4854

40.735633611.66005196010.0755-0.266640.73544580.1006-0.4123

40.736446622.68826246520.0755-0.495340.73611240.1635-0.2977

40.736779205.13750368190.3396-0.131240.73661320.2516-0.2512

40.736998204.93752008510.3396-0.127140.73693840.3333-0.1237

40.73721194.25254574750.3208-0.112940.73710420.2516-0.2752

40.737259727.04449786660.0943-0.585740.7372880.2516-0.2767

40.737275205.15140177610.3396-0.131540.73760020.2075-0.2780

40.737698124.44511916040.1887-0.116940.73804560.2893-0.1368

40.738559206.61704144080.3396-0.161940.73860160.2893-0.1404

40.739437205.67290498130.3396-0.142440.73925520.2516-0.1315

40.74003963.15586654640.0755-0.090140.73987940.2516-0.1513

40.740543209.48154615880.3396-0.221440.74034440.2013-0.1688

40.740819128.20473319250.1887-0.194940.74066960.2390-0.1926

40.740884126.60284739390.1887-0.161640.74089220.4277-0.2010

40.7410635010.68776268290.9057-0.246440.74109380.4843-0.1916

40.741152216.85500786950.3585-0.166940.74137180.4843-0.1940

40.741551126.94440163660.1887-0.168740.74171980.2956-0.1665

40.742209206.71754793530.3396-0.164040.74206780.2013-0.1606

40.74262465.99059363180.0755-0.148940.74245320.2579-0.1406

40.742803214.0560.3585-0.108840.7428320.2516-0.1341

40.743079195.77488906930.3208-0.144540.7430970.3459-0.1403

40.743445216.89769967630.3585-0.167840.74329040.3459-0.1605

40.743534216.9734214170.3585-0.169340.74350160.3522-0.1784

40.743591208.35461535250.3396-0.198040.74373740.3522-0.1823

40.743859217.46405442790.3585-0.179540.74392440.3522-0.1862

40.744258217.54645951820.3585-0.181240.74422040.2579-0.1748

40.7443856.69473020180.0566-0.163540.74450980.1635-0.1651

40.74501466.06999739070.0755-0.150640.74474720.1572-0.1527

40.745038205.75616347570.3396-0.144140.74501540.1761-0.1195

40.74504681.88341810580.1132-0.063740.74546720.1698-0.1260

40.74559957.01184646230.0566-0.170140.74583780.1698-0.1632

40.7466392011.14127461230.3396-0.255840.74656440.1950-0.1793

40.746867124.2096744450.1887-0.112040.74738380.2264-0.2201

40.7486711012.90676155310.1509-0.292440.7481430.1321-0.1846

40.74914356.00751960720.0566-0.149340.7487770.2138-0.1940

40.749395255.58032263720.4340-0.140440.74975240.1824-0.1591

40.74980957.85765351810.0566-0.187740.75044340.1824-0.1872

40.751744510.06981351690.0566-0.233640.7510610.1572-0.1849

40.752126215.24891217180.3585-0.133640.7516640.1824-0.4130

40.752231940.83601121290.1321-0.871840.75224920.2830-0.3935

40.75241217.25638294920.3585-0.175240.752480.2830-0.4180

40.752735218.79361328070.3585-0.207140.75275780.2642-0.1724

40.75289865.31454548440.0755-0.134940.7530570.2264-0.1656

40.753515156.27477251660.2453-0.154840.75333340.2579-0.1421

40.753727265.39605764150.4528-0.136640.75357080.3774-0.1433

40.753792255.48918717710.4340-0.138540.7538130.3208-0.1245

40.75392263.5497420270.0755-0.098340.75394320.2893-0.1261

40.754109215.62937597030.3585-0.141440.75406660.3082-0.1147

40.754166283.83477225140.4906-0.104240.754190.4025-0.1307

40.754344215.8760.3585-0.146640.75433620.4088-0.1308

40.754409225.63589437910.3774-0.141640.75446460.3459-0.1304

40.754653183.78183215170.3019-0.103140.75459120.2453-0.2141

40.754751517.97951470490.0566-0.397740.75497160.1447-0.2034

40.75479964.08967831450.0755-0.109540.7553390.1824-0.1855

40.756246241.18968563020.4151-0.049340.75567380.3019-0.0848

40.756246243.42163555140.4151-0.095640.7561060.3711-0.0957

40.756327175.65731599080.2830-0.142040.75654160.2516-0.1413

40.75691257.7807323150.0566-0.186140.75680340.1384-0.1410

40.75697763.37979321240.0755-0.094840.75737880.1447-0.1244

40.757555183.25613946770.3019-0.092240.757990.1887-0.0929

40.759123123.22532332560.1887-0.091640.75860780.2013-0.0881

40.75938382.69709493040.1132-0.080640.75929060.1258-0.0854

40.76000162.85882283570.0755-0.084040.76004620.0755-0.0831

40.76039142.89582215440.0377-0.084740.7607320.1384-0.0946

40.761333184.35304844040.3019-0.115040.76137880.1321-0.0972

40.76255253.23728873790.0566-0.091840.7620060.1635-0.1146

40.76261795.41583427380.1321-0.137040.7625910.0818-0.1103

40.76313753.73303572810.0566-0.102140.7631210.1447-0.1251

40.763316155.37394264240.2453-0.136140.76348180.1698-0.1162

40.763983134.12748866310.2075-0.110340.7639760.1824-0.0821

40.7643567-1.18885041850.09430.000040.76448640.1195-0.0614

40.76508852.379366920.0566-0.074040.76519340.0692-0.0418

40.76568951.2826543660.0566-0.0513

40.766851204.23253511350.3396-0.1125

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Latitude (Degrees)

=>=>=North=>=>



latitudePredictionPred No BRDiffRel. HeightPred ONLY BR

40.705080.37638350.3799611-0.00360.07550.2275468

40.705430.85682310.8575029-0.00070.37740.209337

40.705780.84699830.8476983-0.00070.56600.2093439

40.706040.44707910.4491086-0.00200.35850.1873719

40.706380.44697060.4486876-0.001

bedrock columbia

Documents

surface bedrock

bedrock play

evidence of bedrock

distribution of skyscrapers

bedrock depths relative

location of skyscrapers

clusters of skyscrapers

skyscrapers statistics