beckerbi - environmental services association of alberta · protocol for co2 production ......
TRANSCRIPT
ACCELERATING BIOREMEDIATIONUSING A PARTICULAR SURFACTANT
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.
By R.F. (Bob) Becker P.Eng. QEP
President, Becker Environmental 7 252 Windermere Rd. SW
Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3C 3L1 Email [email protected]
Phone 403-242-8144 For
RemTECH Conference Banff, Alberta Canada October 16 � 18, 2002
DISPOSITIONOF NAPL�SIN THE SOIL
MATRIX
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.
SurfactantsSurfactants
*MonomersMonomers
*MicroemulsionsMicroemulsions
*MicellesMicelles
USING A SURFACTANT
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.
Swirling Flask Dispersant Effectiveness Test using(1-10) South Louisiana Crude
40 CFR Part 300requires 45%minimum oildispersion to lower30 mls.
% Oil in the lower30 mls. of currentlisted dispersants asof 3/97
BioSolveBioSolve (1-5) does not sink oils like dispersants (1-10) are designed to (1-5) does not sink oils like dispersants (1-10) are designed todo. Even at twice the concentration.do. Even at twice the concentration. BioSolve BioSolve is designed to allow the is designed to allow thehydrocarbons to remain buoyant for recovery or biodegradationhydrocarbons to remain buoyant for recovery or biodegradation..
CO2 CONVERSION WITH & WITHOUT SURFACTANT
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.
0
20
40
60
0 18 28 47 68Bacteria Only
.5%BioSolve
Bacteria Only
.5%BioSolve
Time (Hours)
%Conversion to CO2
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.
MICROBIOLOGICAL ENUMERATION ofHYDROCARBON DEGRADERS
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
4000000
4500000
Day 0 Day 7 Day 28
Co
ntr
ol
Nu
trie
nt
Bio
Sol
ve
Control
Nutrient
BioSolve
Organisms/ml
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.
SURFACTANT EFFECT onALKANE DEGRADATION
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Day 0 Day 7 Day 28
Bio
Sol
ve
Nut
rien
t
Con
trol
BioSolveNutrientControl
Total Alkanes (PPM)
• MIX SOIL & DIVIDED INTO TWO = PARTS
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.
PROTOCOL for CO2 PRODUCTIONTESTS USING SURFACTANT
•ADD = PARTS RADIOACTIVE CARBON MARKEDCONTAMINANT
•ADD = PARTS WATER, ONE PART WATER ONLY ANDPART WATER + SURFACTANT
•ENCLOSE AND MEASURE CO2 CONVERSION
•5 TESTS W/ DIFFERENT CONTAMINATES AND/ORDIFFERENT LEVELS OF CONTAMINATION
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.
TEST #1. LIGHT REFINED HYDROCARBONNAPTHALENE DEGRADIATION
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
TIME IN DAYS
%LA
BEL
CONV
ERSI
ON
TO C
O2
surfactant
control
control max
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.
TEST #2 CRUDE OIL CONTAMINATION
C16 HC DEGRADIATION
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
TIME IN HOURS
% L
ABEL
CON
VERS
ION
TO C
O2
surfactant
control
control max
TEST #3 HEAVY CRUDE OIL ON WET SOIL
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.
DISSOLVED C18 HC (10,000ppm)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
TIME IN HOURS
% L
ABEL
CON
VERS
ION
TO C
O2
surfactant
control
control max
TEST #4 HEAVY CRUDE OIL ON DRY SOIL
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.
NONDISSOLVED C18 HC (10,000ppm)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
TIME IN HOURS
% L
ABEL
CON
VESI
ON T
O C0
2
surfactant
control
control max
TEST #5 HEAVY CRUDE OIL ON BEACH SAND
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.
C16 HC SOIL PRECONDITIONED with MARINE ORGANISMS
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
TIME IN DAYS
% L
ABEL
CO
NVER
SIO
N TO
CO
2
surfactant
control
control max
COMPARISON of % DEGRAGIATION of TWOSURFACTANTS & CONCENTRATION
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.
DEGRADATION OF MAYAN CRUDE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5
21DAY%OILREMOVAL@20C
# 1 contaminated soil
#2 microorganisms,nutrients & aeration;
#3 microorganisms,nutrients , aeration and0.5% BioSolve
#4 microorganisms,nutrients and aerationand 5.0% BioSolve.
#5 microorganisms,nutrients, aeration andanother surfactant
CASE STUDY OF IN-SITU BIOREMEDIATIONwith a SURFACTANT
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.
CASE STUDY OF IN-SITU BIOREMEDIATIONwith a SURFACTANT
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.
CASE STUDY OF IN-SITUBIOREMEDIATION with a SURFACTANT
BECKER ENVIRNOMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRNOMENTAL 7 Inc.
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.
EVENTDATE
DESCRIPTIONof ACTIVITY
VOCLOW
_in_AVE
ppmHIGH
8/6/93 Wells installed and intial reading 210 4100 96008/7/93 Initial nutrient and water addition on new wells 200 3835 87508/9/93 Second nutrient treatment. Vapor recovery installed 200 2925 85008/17/93 2% BioSolvetm to all but one well OVA/PID VOC readings 9 1230 100008/18/93 Inoculation of microorganisms, nutrients and BioSolve8/20/93 OVA/PID readings for VOC�s 10 119 10009/10/93 Inoculation of nutrients and BioSolve9/22/93 Inoculation of nutrients and BioSolve OVA/PID readings 18 177 150010/1/93 Inoculation of nutrients and BioSolve10/6/93 Inoculation of nutrients and BioSolve OVA/PID readings 10 45 350
10/13/93 OVA/PID readings for VOC�s 15 54 10410/21/93 OVA/PID readings for VOC�s 14 49 20010/28/93 OVA/PID readings Inoculation of nutrients and BioSolve 12 31 11011/15/93 OVA/PID readings for VOC�s 10 36 12011/30/93 OVA/PID readings for VOC�s 10 31 8612/07/93 OVA/PID readings Inoculation of nutrients and BioSolve 10 38 10012/22/93 OVA/PID readings for VOC�s and soil sample 10 26 1051/10/94 Inoculation of nutrients and BioSolve1/20/94 OVA/PID readings Inoculation of nutrients and BioSolve 5 22 802/10/94 OVA/PID readings for VOC�s 8 16 502/25/94 OVA/PID readings for VOC�s 5 12 283/01/94 SOIL TESTS WERE BELOW DETECTABLE LIMIT .005 .005 .0055/15/94 SITE CLOSED
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.
CASE STUDY OF IN-SITUBIOREMEDIATION SURFACTANT
BIOSOLVE ADDED ON THESE DATES
NUTRIENTS & WATER ADDED ON THESE DATES
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.
SERVICE STATION CASE STUDYSERVICE STATION CASE STUDY
5/29/93-4/16/97- LNAPL under former pump island
Manually bailed no change
No receptors, urban area and no cost effective permanentremedial system
3 monitoring wells & soil borings 11SFx0.03F = 170gals.
7/23/97 Inject 250 gals. of 2% BioSolve® and and surgeblocked
7/24/97 2 wells manifolded to vacuum truck
35.74# of HC vapor +255 gals of emulsion recovered
8/11/97 No LPH detected
9/2/97 No LPH detected
SOIL FLUSHING UNDER RAILROAD TRACKS
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.
The End
DISPOSITION OF NAPL�SIN THE SOIL MATRIX
→Evaporate and stay in the vapor phase,
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.
→ Dissolved into the soil moisture
→ Adsorb onto solid surfaces
2 SURFACTANTS AQUEOUSDISPERSION of OCTADACANE
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
Surfactant Concentration (% v/v)
Oct
adec
ane
Dis
per
sio
n (
mg
/J)
Biosolve
Biovesal
ACCELERATING BIOREMEDIATIONUSING A PARTICULAR SURFACTANT
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.
CO2 PRODUCTION in 28 days
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1 2 3 4TEST#
mg
CO2-
C kg
-1
TESTS
#1 STERILE SOIL + H2
#2 STERILE SOIL + H2O +BIOSOLVE
#3 STERILE SOIL + H2O + OIL
#4 STERILE SOIL + H2O +0IL +BIOSOLVE
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.
HowHow BioSolve BioSolve ®® Works Works
! BioSolve�sBioSolve�s ®®
surfactants formsurfactants formspherical micelles whichspherical micelles whichsurroundsurround the hydrocarbon the hydrocarbonmolecules formingmolecules formingmicroemulsionsmicroemulsions
*Hard surfaceHard surfacedegreasers candegreasers canform a variety ofform a variety ofmicelles types.micelles types.
*Foams �line upFoams �line uplike soldiers� tolike soldiers� tocreate a film oncreate a film ontop of the fueltop of the fuel
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.❖BioSolve�sBioSolve�s ®® patented blend of patented blend ofsurfactants creates ansurfactants creates anemulsification and anemulsification and anencapsulationencapsulation
❖One surfactantOne surfactant solublizes solublizes oil, but is oil, but isnon-water solublenon-water soluble
❖The other surfactantThe other surfactant solublizes solublizes the theemulsion into the wateremulsion into the water
Patented TechnologyPatented Technology
BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.BECKER ENVIRONMENTAL 7 Inc.
**Dispersants create dropletsDispersants create droplets
**Droplets are large particlesDroplets are large particles
**BioSolveBioSolve ®® creates creates microemulsions microemulsions
**University testing measuringUniversity testing measuring solublized solublized oil oilconcluded thatconcluded that BioSolve�s BioSolve�s ®® microemulsion microemulsion size sizeparticles were similar to a naturally occurringparticles were similar to a naturally occurringbacterium�sbacterium�s biosurfactant microemulsions biosurfactant microemulsions
**University of AlabamaUniversity of Alabama
TheThe BioSolve BioSolve ®® Difference Difference